Abstract
Progress in nanotechnology and immunotherapy has facilitated the development of drugloaded nanocarriers through encapsulation techniques that are aimed at treating cardiovascular disease (CVD). While these drug delivery systems have exhibited promising outcomes, several clinical limitations necessitate identification and resolution. This overview emphasizes novel drug delivery systems, particularly ghost stents, mesenchymal extracellular vesicles, microbubble therapy, and aptamers, tailored for CVD management. Moreover, we explore the drug release kinetics associated with these systems to discern their release profiles in human blood, operating on specific stimuli to maintain stable plasma drug concentrations. Presently, advanced drug delivery modalities such as polymeric nanoparticles, natural metallic nanoparticles, aptamers, microbubbles, exosomes, polymeric micelles, and drug-eluting stents are employed in CVD treatment. These systems effectively circumvent immune responses and enhance the quality of life for patients with cardiovascular disorders, thereby improving patient adherence and treatment efficacy. The described systems offer a promising avenue for drug delivery, presenting a potential strategy to enhance the efficacy of current therapies.
