Abstract
MDM family proteins are crucial regulators of the oncosuppressor p53. Alterations of their gene status, mainly amplification events, have been frequently observed in human tumors. MDM4 is one of the two members of the MDM family. The human gene is located on chromosome 1 at q32-33 and codes for a protein of 490aa. In analogy to MDM2, besides the full-length mRNA several transcript variants of MDM4 have been identified. Almost all variants thus far described derive from a splicing process, both through canonical and aberrant splicing events. Some of these variants are expressed in normal tissues, others have been observed only in tumor samples. The presence of these variants may be considered a fine tuning of the function of the full-length protein, especially in normal cells. In tumor cells, some variants show oncogenic properties. This review summarizes all the different MDM4 splicing forms thus far described and their role in the regulation of the wild type protein function in normal and tumor cells. In addition, a description of the full-length protein structure with all known interacting proteins thus far identified and a comparison of the MDM4 variant structure with that of full-length protein are presented. Finally, a parallel between MDM4 and MDM2 variants is discussed.
Keywords: MDM4, p53, MDM4-211, MDM4-S, transcript variants, MDM2
Current Genomics
Title: MDM4 (MDMX) and its Transcript Variants
Volume: 10 Issue: 1
Author(s): F. Mancini, G. Di Conza and F. Moretti
Affiliation:
Keywords: MDM4, p53, MDM4-211, MDM4-S, transcript variants, MDM2
Abstract: MDM family proteins are crucial regulators of the oncosuppressor p53. Alterations of their gene status, mainly amplification events, have been frequently observed in human tumors. MDM4 is one of the two members of the MDM family. The human gene is located on chromosome 1 at q32-33 and codes for a protein of 490aa. In analogy to MDM2, besides the full-length mRNA several transcript variants of MDM4 have been identified. Almost all variants thus far described derive from a splicing process, both through canonical and aberrant splicing events. Some of these variants are expressed in normal tissues, others have been observed only in tumor samples. The presence of these variants may be considered a fine tuning of the function of the full-length protein, especially in normal cells. In tumor cells, some variants show oncogenic properties. This review summarizes all the different MDM4 splicing forms thus far described and their role in the regulation of the wild type protein function in normal and tumor cells. In addition, a description of the full-length protein structure with all known interacting proteins thus far identified and a comparison of the MDM4 variant structure with that of full-length protein are presented. Finally, a parallel between MDM4 and MDM2 variants is discussed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Mancini F., Conza Di G. and Moretti F., MDM4 (MDMX) and its Transcript Variants, Current Genomics 2009; 10 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920209787581280
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920209787581280 |
Print ISSN 1389-2029 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5488 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Current Genomics in Cardiovascular Research
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the world, in recent years we have had important advances in the interaction between cardiovascular disease and genomics. In this Research Topic, we intend for researchers to present their results with a focus on basic, translational and clinical investigations associated with ...read more
Deep learning in Single Cell Analysis
The field of biology is undergoing a revolution in our ability to study individual cells at the molecular level, and to integrate data from multiple sources and modalities. This has been made possible by advances in technologies for single-cell sequencing, multi-omics profiling, spatial transcriptomics, and high-throughput imaging, as well as ...read more
New insights on Pediatric Tumors and Associated Cancer Predisposition Syndromes
Because of the broad spectrum of children cancer susceptibility, the diagnosis of cancer risk syndromes in children is rarely used in direct cancer treatment. The field of pediatric cancer genetics and genomics will only continue to expand as a result of increasing use of genetic testing tools. It's possible that ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Advances in Nano Drugs for Cancer Chemotherapy
Current Cancer Drug Targets Signal Pathways Mediating Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Drugs on Neuronal Cell Survival
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Central Nervous System Agents Small Molecule Regulators Targeting NAD<sup>+ </sup>Biosynthetic Enzymes
Current Medicinal Chemistry Pioglitazone Prevents Smoking Carcinogen-Induced Lung Tumor Development in Mice
Current Cancer Drug Targets Post-Wortmannin Era: Novel Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Inhibitors with Potential Therapeutic Applications
Current Enzyme Inhibition Research Strategies for Pain in Lumbar Radiculopathy Focusing on Acid-Sensing Ion Channels and Their Toxins
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Contextualizing the Genes Altered in Bladder Neoplasms in Pediatric and Teen Patients Allows Identifying Two Main Classes of Biological Processes Involved and New Potential Therapeutic Targets
Current Genomics Aminophosphonate Metal Complexes of Biomedical Potential
Current Medicinal Chemistry Meet Our Editorial Board Member
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Mucopolysaccharidosis Type III (Sanfilippo Syndrome): Emerging Treatment Strategies
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Novel Agents in the Management of Lung Cancer
Current Medicinal Chemistry Gene Selection in Multi-class Imbalanced Microarray Datasets Using Dynamic Length Particle Swarm Optimization
Current Bioinformatics Endocannabinoid Signaling in Midbrain Dopamine Neurons: More than Physiology?
Current Neuropharmacology Role of Gap Junction Channel in the Development of Beat-to-Beat Action Potential Repolarization Variability and Arrhythmias
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cytotoxic, Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effects of New Benzimidazole Derivatives on A549 Lung Carcinoma and C6 Glioma Cell Lines
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Antibody Engineering for Targeted Therapy of Cancer Recombinant Fv-Immunotoxins
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Immune Responses to Adenovirus and Adeno-Associated Vectors Used for Gene Therapy of Brain Diseases: The Role of Immunological Synapses in Understanding the Cell Biology of Neuroimmune Interactions
Current Gene Therapy Roles of p75NTR in Maintaining Brain Hemostasis and the Implications for p75NTR-targeted Therapies
Current Alzheimer Research Risk Assessment of the Use of Autonomous Parvovirus-Based Vectors
Current Gene Therapy Anti-Genes: siRNA, Ribozymes and Antisense
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology