Abstract
Objective: The objective of this review is to present a succinct summary of the latest advancements in the utilization of hydrogels for diverse biomedical applications, with a particular focus on their revolutionary impact in augmenting the delivery of drugs, tissue engineering, along with diagnostic methodologies.
Methods: Using a meticulous examination of current literary works, this review systematically scrutinizes the nascent patterns in applying hydrogels for biomedical progress, condensing crucial discoveries to offer a comprehensive outlook on their ever-changing importance.
Results: The analysis presents compelling evidence regarding the growing importance of hydrogels in biomedicine. It highlights their potential to significantly enhance drug delivery accuracy, redefine tissue engineering strategies, and advance diagnostic techniques. This substantiates their position as a fundamental element in the progress of modern medicine.
Conclusion: In summary, the constantly evolving advancement of hydrogel applications in biomedicine calls for ongoing investigation and resources, given their diverse contributions that can revolutionize therapeutic approaches and diagnostic methods, thereby paving the way for improved patient well-being.
Graphical Abstract
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/185117a0]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reth.2021.04.002] [PMID: 34095366]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666191122144916] [PMID: 31755377]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9CS00849G] [PMID: 32393930]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.202001632]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D0RA00678E] [PMID: 35492941]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13051164] [PMID: 33803133]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094578] [PMID: 35562969]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.096] [PMID: 28629101]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202009432]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.028] [PMID: 36406248]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202202470]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.74548] [PMID: 35836802]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels3010006] [PMID: 30920503]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.09.006] [PMID: 33072505]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119161] [PMID: 35153030]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12951-021-01230-7] [PMID: 34991615]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13770-021-00369-6] [PMID: 34596839]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14153023] [PMID: 35893984]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2019.11.022] [PMID: 32042259]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.006] [PMID: 31917295]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215426]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2013.07.006] [PMID: 25750745]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2014.05.031] [PMID: 24914827]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la010105v]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.5930]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120180] [PMID: 36876795]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2012.641950] [PMID: 22145909]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.12.056] [PMID: 28034735]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.067] [PMID: 31227171]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(00)00674-8] [PMID: 11250092]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/002235702760345392] [PMID: 12396293]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.03503-14] [PMID: 25645853]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10010023] [PMID: 29401648]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/64301]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201910606]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122896] [PMID: 33287236]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123196] [PMID: 36634799]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2014.06.035]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.01.027] [PMID: 23352858]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-475X.2012.00848.x] [PMID: 23110551]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202306632] [PMID: 37803944]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma2020353]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9010020] [PMID: 36661788]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c04744] [PMID: 36340181]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.11.024]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14102028] [PMID: 36297463]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S308057] [PMID: 34163160]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.791891] [PMID: 35004650]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12951-021-01041-w] [PMID: 34620160]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13346-020-00836-y] [PMID: 32776211]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119303] [PMID: 35337532]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5RA12229E]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.201700527] [PMID: 29876202]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01724] [PMID: 31967794]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705250104] [PMID: 17664427]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2018.12.014]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.202003821] [PMID: 32910832]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/sur.2019.229] [PMID: 31513456]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.49250]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19090479] [PMID: 34564141]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13726-020-00897-3]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b03770] [PMID: 27243270]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03429-4]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.103663]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.050] [PMID: 34953806]
[PMID: 32922500]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2022.132985]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101456]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2015.04.001] [PMID: 27134415]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes2010040] [PMID: 24957962]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020837] [PMID: 36679633]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.9b00084] [PMID: 35030730]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202100062] [PMID: 33939333]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C7SC03716C] [PMID: 29629148]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.201000654]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00094] [PMID: 35696306]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.070] [PMID: 33737175]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.10.018] [PMID: 31731019]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.184] [PMID: 31765745]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118803] [PMID: 31682963]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.36675] [PMID: 30903675]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.01.050]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955X16681470]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.1c00620] [PMID: 35006932]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S339500] [PMID: 35002236]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.39624]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.184] [PMID: 34863969]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.04.004] [PMID: 21783130]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma9040267] [PMID: 28773392]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202105190]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-6041/10/3/034001] [PMID: 25775039]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2014.11.002] [PMID: 25462840]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.023] [PMID: 34022323]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2019.1587737] [PMID: 30892058]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/427259]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2005.12.011]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2009.04.003]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ics.12227] [PMID: 25854849]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ics.12156] [PMID: 25074560]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.1044927] [PMID: 36714621]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856200743896] [PMID: 10981676]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3462] [PMID: 26807527]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2020.101009]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42057-5] [PMID: 30944367]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41392-021-00830-x] [PMID: 34916490]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D2MA00695B]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.024] [PMID: 35386443]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121639] [PMID: 35779481]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00914037.2022.2075872]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08355-2] [PMID: 30700712]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39578-4] [PMID: 30846795]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/8/1/015019] [PMID: 27004561]