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ISSN (Online): 1873-5592

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Review Article

Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) and Programmed Death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in Pancreatic Cancer

Author(s): Ghazaleh Pourali, Nima Zafari, Mahla Velayati, Shima Mehrabadi, Mina Maftooh, Seyed Mahdi Hassanian, Majid Ghayour Mobarhan, Gordon A. Ferns, Amir Avan* and Majid Khazaei*

Volume 24, Issue 17, 2023

Published on: 05 December, 2023

Page: [1335 - 1345] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/0113894501264450231129042256

Price: $65

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Abstract

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one the most lethal malignancies worldwide affecting around half a million individuals each year. The treatment of PC is relatively difficult due to the difficulty in making an early diagnosis. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional factor acting as both a tumor promoter in early cancer stages and a tumor suppressor in advanced disease. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a ligand of programmed death-1 (PD-1), an immune checkpoint receptor, allowing tumor cells to avoid elimination by immune cells. Recently, targeting the TGF-β signaling and PD-L1 pathways has emerged as a strategy for cancer therapy. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge regarding these pathways and their contribution to tumor development with a focus on PC. Moreover, we have reviewed the role of TGF-β and PD-L1 blockade in the treatment of various cancer types, including PC, and discussed the clinical trials evaluating TGF-β and PD-L1 antagonists in PC patients.

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