Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Bioactive Compounds

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-4072
ISSN (Online): 1875-6646

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Fennel Seed Extract Against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Author(s): Ashish Sahu, Debaprasad Parai, Hari Ram Choudhary and Desh Deepak Singh*

Volume 20, Issue 2, 2024

Published on: 04 August, 2023

Article ID: e250523217357 Pages: 5

DOI: 10.2174/1573407219666230525153419

Price: $65

conference banner
Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance against pathogenic bacterial strains is the current problem faced by the world. Medicinal plants are being focussed for new alternatives to routine antibiotics for novel therapeutic and antimicrobial approaches.

Objective: In this present study, fennel extract from Foeniculum vulgare plant was investigated against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Method: Ethanol extraction of fennel seeds was performed and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-kill curve was studied to find antimicrobial activities. Biofilm eradication was estimated by crystal violet assay.

Result: Antimicrobial study showed a MIC of 500 μg/ml and MBC of 1000 μg/ml for fennel extract. Sub-inhibitory concentrations (½ MIC and ¾ MIC) started to kill bacterial cells after the addition of fennel extract at mid-log phase of growth. Test phytochemical eradicated 38.7%, 62.2%, and 76.9% of MRSA biofilm from microtitre plate when added at a concentration of 250 μg/ml, 375 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml, respectively.

Conclusion: This study showed different bactericidal and antibiofilm activity of fennel seed extract against MRSA. We suggested that the phytocompound could be a promising candidate and further investigation is needed to isolate the active component of the extract for the management of MRSA.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Chaieb, K.; Kouidhi, B.; Jrah, H.; Mahdouani, K.; Bakhrouf, A. Antibacterial activity of Thymoquinone, an active principle of Nigella sativa and its potency to prevent bacterial biofilm formation. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 2011, 11(1), 29.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-11-29] [PMID: 21489272]
[2]
Liu, C.; Graber, C.J.; Karr, M.; Diep, B.A.; Basuino, L.; Schwartz, B.S.; Enright, M.C.; O’Hanlon, S.J.; Thomas, J.C.; Perdreau-Remington, F.; Gordon, S.; Gunthorpe, H.; Jacobs, R.; Jensen, P.; Leoung, G.; Rumack, J.S.; Chambers, H.F. A population-based study of the incidence and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease in San Francisco, 2004-2005. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2008, 46(11), 1637-1646.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/587893] [PMID: 18433335]
[3]
Tong, S.Y.C.; Davis, J.S.; Eichenberger, E.; Holland, T.L.; Fowler, V.G. Jr Staphylococcus aureus infections: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 2015, 28(3), 603-661.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00134-14] [PMID: 26016486]
[4]
Otto, M. Staphylococcal biofilms. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 2008, 322, 207-228.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75418-3_10] [PMID: 18453278]
[5]
Guillamet, M.C.V.; Vazquez, R.; Deaton, B.; Shroba, J.; Vazquez, L.; Mercier, R.C. Host-pathogen-treatment triad: Host factors matter most in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia outcomes. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2018, 62(2), e01902-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01902-17] [PMID: 29203479]
[6]
Wielders, C.L.C.; Fluit, A.C.; Brisse, S.; Verhoef, J.; Schmitz, F.J. mecA gene is widely disseminated in Staphylococcus aureus population. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2002, 40(11), 3970-3975.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.11.3970-3975.2002] [PMID: 12409360]
[7]
Zhu, M.; Wang, Z.J.; He, Y.J.; Qin, Y.; Zhou, Y.; Qi, Z.H.; Zhou, Z.S.; Zhu, Y.Y.; Jin, D.N.; Chen, S.S.; Luo, X.D. Bioguided isolation, identification and bioactivity evaluation of anti-MRSA constituents from Morus alba Linn. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2021, 281, 114542.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114542] [PMID: 34428525]
[8]
Wang, D.; Zhang, W.; Wang, T.; Li, N.; Mu, H.; Zhang, J.; Duan, J. Unveiling the mode of action of two antibacterial Tanshinone derivatives. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2015, 16(8), 17668-17681.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms160817668] [PMID: 26263982]
[9]
Hall-Stoodley, L.; Costerton, J.W.; Stoodley, P. Bacterial biofilms: From the natural environment to infectious diseases. Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 2004, 2(2), 95-108.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro821] [PMID: 15040259]
[10]
Flemming, H.C.; Wingender, J. The biofilm matrix. Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 2010, 8(9), 623-633.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2415] [PMID: 20676145]
[11]
Esquivel-Ferriño, P.C.; Favela-Hernández, J.M.J.; Garza-González, E.; Waksman, N.; Ríos, M.Y.; Camacho-Corona, M.R. Antimycobacterial activity of constituents from Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce grown in Mexico. Molecules, 2012, 17(7), 8471-8482.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules17078471] [PMID: 22797778]
[12]
Badgujar, S.B.; Patel, V.V.; Bandivdekar, A.H. Foeniculum vulgare mill: A review of its botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, contemporary application, and toxicology. BioMed Res. Int., 2014, 2014, 1-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/842674] [PMID: 25162032]
[13]
Shahat, A.; Ibrahim, A.; Hendawy, S.; Omer, E.; Hammouda, F.; Abdel-Rahman, F.; Saleh, M. Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils from organically cultivated fennel cultivars. Molecules, 2011, 16(2), 1366-1377.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules16021366] [PMID: 21285921]
[14]
Ostad, S.N.; Soodi, M.; Shariffzadeh, M.; Khorshidi, N.; Marzban, H. The effect of fennel essential oil on uterine contraction as a model for dysmenorrhea, pharmacology and toxicology study. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2001, 76(3), 299-304.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00249-5] [PMID: 11448553]
[15]
Diao, W.R.; Hu, Q.P.; Zhang, H.; Xu, J.G. Chemical composition, antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of essential oil from seeds of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Food Control, 2014, 35(1), 109-116.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.06.056]
[16]
Kwiatkowski, P.; Pruss, A.; Masiuk, H.; Mnichowska-Polanowska, M.; Kaczmarek, M.; Giedrys-Kalemba, S.; Dołęgowska, B.; Zielińska-Bliźniewska, H.; Olszewski, J.; Sienkiewicz, M. The effect of fennel essential oil and trans-anethole on antibacterial activity of mupirocin against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from asymptomatic carriers. Postepy Dermatol. Alergol., 2019, 36(3), 308-314.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ada.2018.76425] [PMID: 31333348]
[17]
Agarwal, D.; Sharma, L.K.; Saxena, S.N. Anti-microbial properties of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seed extract. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem., 2017, 6(4), 479-482.
[18]
Jorgensen, J.H.; Ferraro, M.J. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: A review of general principles and contemporary practices. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2009, 49(11), 1749-1755.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/647952] [PMID: 19857164]
[19]
Parai, D.; Islam, E.; Mitra, J.; Mukherjee, S.K. Effect of bacoside a on growth and biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Can. J. Microbiol., 2017, 63(2), 169-178.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2016-0365] [PMID: 28099040]
[20]
Parai, D.; Banerjee, M.; Dey, P.; Chakraborty, A.; Islam, E.; Mukherjee, S.K. Effect of reserpine on Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing mediated virulence factors and biofilm formation. Biofouling, 2018, 34(3), 320-334.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2018.1437910] [PMID: 29482361]
[21]
Sharma, D.; Misba, L.; Khan, A.U. Antibiotics versus biofilm: An emerging battleground in microbial communities. Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control, 2019, 8(1), 76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13756-019-0533-3] [PMID: 31131107]
[22]
Olivares, E.; Badel-Berchoux, S.; Provot, C.; Prévost, G.; Bernardi, T.; Jehl, F. Clinical impact of antibiotics for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infections. Front. Microbiol., 2020, 10, 2894.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02894] [PMID: 31998248]
[23]
Abreu, A.C.; McBain, A.J.; Simões, M. Plants as sources of new antimicrobials and resistance-modifying agents. Nat. Prod. Rep., 2012, 29(9), 1007-1021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2np20035j] [PMID: 22786554]
[24]
Taylor, P.W. Alternative natural sources for a new generation of antibacterial agents. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 2013, 42(3), 195-201.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.05.004] [PMID: 23796893]
[25]
Parai, D.; Banerjee, M.; Dey, P.; Mukherjee, S.K. Reserpine attenuates biofilm formation and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus. Microb. Pathog., 2020, 138, 103790.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103790] [PMID: 31605761]
[26]
Newman, D.J.; Cragg, G.M.; Snader, K.M. The influence of natural products upon drug discovery (Antiquity to late 1999). Nat. Prod. Rep., 2000, 17(3), 215-234.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a902202c] [PMID: 10888010]
[27]
Teoh, E.S. Secondary metabolites of plants; Medicinal Orchids of Asia, 2015, pp. 59-73.
[28]
Simões, M.; Bennett, R.N.; Rosa, E.A.S. Understanding antimicrobial activities of phytochemicals against multidrug resistant bacteria and biofilms. Nat. Prod. Rep., 2009, 26(6), 746-757.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b821648g] [PMID: 19471683]
[29]
Mogana, R.; Adhikari, A.; Tzar, M.N.; Ramliza, R.; Wiart, C. Antibacterial activities of the extracts, fractions and isolated compounds from Canarium patentinervium Miq. against bacterial clinical isolates. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 2020, 20(1), 55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-2837-5] [PMID: 32059725]
[30]
Anwar, F.; Ali, M.; Hussain, A.I.; Shahid, M. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and extracts of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seeds from Pakistan. Flavour Fragrance J., 2009, 24(4), 170-176.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1929]
[31]
Piras, A.; Falconieri, D.; Porcedda, S.; Marongiu, B.; Gonçalves, M.J.; Cavaleiro, C.; Salgueiro, L. Supercritical CO 2 extraction of volatile oils from Sardinian Foeniculum vulgare ssp. vulgare (Apiaceae): Chemical composition and biological activity. Nat. Prod. Res., 2014, 28(21), 1819-1825.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.948874] [PMID: 25115687]
[32]
Ilardi, V.; Badalamenti, N.; Bruno, M. Chemical composition of the essential oil from different vegetative parts of Foeniculum vulgare subsp. piperitum (Ucria) Coutinho (Umbelliferae) growing wild in Sicily. Nat. Prod. Res., 2022, 36(14), 3587-3597.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2020.1870227] [PMID: 33410338]
[33]
Kwiatkowski, P.; Grygorcewicz, B.; Pruss, A.; Wojciuk, B.; Dołęgowska, B.; Giedrys-Kalemba, S.; Sienkiewicz, M.; Wojciechowska-Koszko, I. The effect of subinhibitory concentrations of trans-anethole on antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of mupirocin against mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Microb. Drug Resist., 2019, 25(10), 1424-1429.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2019.0101] [PMID: 31314694]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy