Generic placeholder image

Current Functional Foods

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2666-8629
ISSN (Online): 2666-8637

Mini-Review Article

Mulberry: A Multipurpose Plant

Author(s): Sonali Yadav* and Geeta Bhagwat

Volume 2, Issue 1, 2024

Published on: 27 June, 2023

Article ID: e170523217031 Pages: 10

DOI: 10.2174/2666862901666230517164351

Price: $65

Abstract

Mulberry, a member of theMoraceae family, is regarded as a special plant because of its wide geographic distribution across continents, its adaptability to different cultivation methods, and the various uses of its leafy foliage. It has several benefits for environmental safety measures like soil erosion prevention, bio-remediation of polluted sites, water conservation, and air quality improvement through carbon sequestration. The Mulberry is also employed as a medicinal plant to improve and enhance the quality of human life. The potential antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-cancer and anti-tyrosinase inhibitory action of mulberry extracts from the leaf, stem, root, and bark have been documented. Mulberries are a great source of nutrients and phytochemicals with potent medicinal properties, making them a highly nourishing food for humans. The mulberry fruit is a key ingredient in many valueadded products, such as jams, jellies, wines, and syrups, since it is high in carbohydrates, protein, and dietary fibre. Mulberry leaves are an excellent source for creating of protein-rich food products with built-in antioxidants. Although Mulberry is produced professionally for sericulture in many nations, its potential for use as a human food source is not well known. The review discusses the value of mulberry as a source for various food, cosmetics, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries. All of the crucial mulberry species were compiled in this review article to evaluate it as the perfect plant for ensuring a better future.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Imran M, Khan H, Shah M, Khan R, Khan F. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of certain Morus species. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2010; 11(12): 973-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1000173] [PMID: 21121077]
[2]
Wen P, Hu TG, Linhardt RJ, Liao ST, Wu H, Zou YX. Mulberry: A review of bioactive compounds and advanced processing technology. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019; 83: 138-58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2018.11.017]
[3]
Elmac Y, Altu T. Flavour evaluation of three black mulberry (Morus nigra) cultivars using GC/MS, chemical and sensory data. J Sci Food Agric 2002; 82: 632-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1085]
[4]
Jian Q, Ningjia H, Yong W, Zhonghuai X. Ecological issues of mulberry and sustainable development. J Resour Ecol 2012; 3(4): 330-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2012.04.006]
[5]
Mahmood T, Anwar F, Abbas M, Saari N. Effect of maturity on phenolics (phenolic acids and flavonoids) profile of strawberry cultivars and mulberry species from Pakistan. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13(4): 4591-607.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms13044591] [PMID: 22605997]
[6]
Jiang Y, Nie WJ. Chemical properties in fruits of mulberry species from the Xinjiang province of China. Food Chem 2015; 174: 460-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.083] [PMID: 25529706]
[7]
Rodrigues E, Marcelino G, Silva G, et al. Nutraceutical and medicinal potential of the Morus species in metabolic dysfunctions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20(2): 301.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020301] [PMID: 30646503]
[8]
Naik PR, Mohammadi J. Evaluation of hypoglycemic effect of Morus alba in an animal model. Indian J Pharmacol 2008; 40(1): 15-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.40483] [PMID: 21264155]
[9]
Devi B, Sharma N, Sharma D, Jech K. Morus alba Linn: A Phytopharmacological review. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2013; 5(2): 1-5.
[10]
El-Beshbishy HA, Singab ANB, Sinkkonen J, Pihlaja K. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of Morus alba L. (Egyptian mul-berry) root bark fractions supplementation in cholesterol-fed rats. Life Sci 2006; 78(23): 2724-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2005.10.010] [PMID: 16313926]
[11]
Kamiloglu S, Serali O, Unal N, Capanoglu E. Antioxidant activity and polyphenol composition of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) products. J Berry Res 2013; 3(1): 41-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JBR-130045]
[12]
Padilha MM, Vilela FC, Rocha CQ, et al. Antiinflammatory properties of Morus nigra leaves. Phytother Res 2010; 24(10): 1496-500.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3134] [PMID: 20878700]
[13]
Asano N, Yamashita T, Yasuda K, et al. Polyhydroxylated alka-loids isolated from mulberry trees (Morusalba L.) and silkworms (Bombyx mori L.). J Agric Food Chem 2001; 49(9): 4208-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf010567e] [PMID: 11559112]
[14]
Sharma SB, Gupta S, Ac R, Singh UR, Rajpoot R, Shukla SK. Antidiabetogenic action of Morus rubra L. leaf extract in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62(2): 247-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/jpp.62.02.0013] [PMID: 20487205]
[15]
Chen H, Pu J, Liu D, et al. Anti-Inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of flavonoids from the fruits of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.). PLoS One 2016; 11(4): e0153080.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153080] [PMID: 27046026]
[16]
Kuete V, Fozing DC, Kapche WFGD, et al. Antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract and compounds from Morus mesozygia stem bark. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 124(3): 551-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.05.004] [PMID: 19450674]
[17]
Khan MA, Rahman AA, Islam S, et al. A comparative study on the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from different parts of Morus alba L. (Moraceae). BMC Res Notes 2013; 6(1): 24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-6-24] [PMID: 23331970]
[18]
Sharma R, Sharma A, Shono T, et al. Mulberry moracins: Scavengers of UV stress-generated free radicals. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2001; 65(6): 1402-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.65.1402] [PMID: 11471743]
[19]
Lee CY, Cheng HM, Sim SM. Mulberry leaves protect rat tissues from immobilization stress-induced inflammation. Biofactors 2007; 31(1): 25-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biof.5520310103] [PMID: 18806306]
[20]
Naowaboot J, Pannangpetch P, Kukongviriyapan V, Kongyingyoes B. kukongviriyapan U. Antihyperglycemic, antioxidant and antiglycation activities of mulberry leaf extract in streptozotocin-induced chronic diabetic rats. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2009; 64(2): 116-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11130-009-0112-5] [PMID: 19434497]
[21]
Sachdewa A, Khemani LD. Effect of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn. ethanol flower extract on blood glucose and lipid profile in streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2003; 89(1): 61-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00230-7] [PMID: 14522433]
[22]
Hansawasdi C, Kawabata J. α-Glucosidase inhibitory effect of mulberry (Morus alba) leaves on Caco-2. Fitoterapia 2006; 77(7- 8): 568-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2006.09.003] [PMID: 17071014]
[23]
Zhang M, Chen M, Zhang HQ, Sun S, Xia B, Wu FH. In vivo hypoglycemic effects of phenolics from the root bark of Morus alba. Fitoterapia 2009; 80(8): 475-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2009.06.009] [PMID: 19545615]
[24]
Taniguchi S, Asano N, Tomino F, Miwa I. Potentiation of glucose-induced insulin secretion by fagomine, a pseudo-sugar isolated from mulberry leaves. Horm Metab Res 1998; 30(11): 679-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-978957] [PMID: 9918385]
[25]
Chan EW, Lye PY, Wong SK. Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical trials of Morus alba. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 14(1): 17-30.
[PMID: 26850343]
[26]
Bajpai S. History and active pharmacokinetic principles of mulberry: A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) 2012; 2(4): 13-6.
[27]
Katsube T, Imawaka N, Kawano Y, Yamazaki Y, Shiwaku K, Yamane Y. Antioxidant flavonol glycosides in mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves isolated based on LDL antioxidant activity. Food Chem 2006; 97(1): 25-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.03.019]
[28]
Antimicrobial activity of leaf extract of Morus indica (Mulberry) from Chhattisgarh. Pelagia Research Library 2015.
[29]
Park KM, You JS, Lee HY, Baek NI, Hwang JK. Kuwanon G: An antibacterial agent from the root bark of Morus alba against oral pathogens. J Ethnopharmacol 2003; 84(2-3): 181-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00318-5] [PMID: 12648813]
[30]
Du Q, Zheng J, Xu Y. Composition of anthocyanins in mulberry and their antioxidant activity. J Food Compos Anal 2008; 21(5): 390-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2008.02.007]
[31]
Fukai T, Kaitou K, Terada S. Antimicrobial activity of 2- arylbenzofurans from Morus species against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Fitoterapia 2005; 76(7-8): 708-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2005.06.012] [PMID: 16236463]
[32]
Colonna M, Danzon A, Delafosse P, et al. Cancer prevalence in France: Time trend, situation in 2002 and extrapolation to 2012. Eur J Cancer 2008; 44(1): 115-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2007.10.022] [PMID: 18032021]
[33]
Martin-Moreno JM, Soerjomataram I, Magnusson G. Cancer causes and prevention: A condensed appraisal in Europe in 2008. Eur J Cancer 2008; 44(10): 1390-403.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2008.02.002] [PMID: 18329264]
[34]
Naowaratwattana W, De-Eknamkul W, De Mejia EG. Phenolic-containing organic extracts of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves inhibit HepG2 hepatoma cells through G2/M phase arrest, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of topoisomerase IIα activity. J Med Food 2010; 13(5): 1045-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2010.1021] [PMID: 20828312]
[35]
Yang X, Yang L, Zheng H. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit in hyperlipidaemia rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48(8-9): 2374-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.074] [PMID: 20561945]
[36]
Li M, Wu X, Wang X, Shen T, Ren D. Two novel compounds from the root bark of Morus alba L. Nat Prod Res 2018; 32(1): 36-42.
[37]
Erkekoglu P, Baydar T. Acrylamide neurotoxicity. Nutr Neurosci 2014; 17(2): 49-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1476830513Y.0000000065] [PMID: 23541332]
[38]
Kang TH, Hur JY, Kim HB, Ryu JH, Kim SY. Neuroprotective effects of the cyanidin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside isolated from mulberry fruit against cerebral ischemia. Neurosci Lett 2006; 391(3): 122-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.053] [PMID: 16181734]
[39]
Kim GN, Kwon YI, Jang HD. Mulberry leaf extract reduces post-prandial hyperglycemia with few side effects by inhibiting α- glucosidase in normal rats. J Med Food 2011; 14(7-8): 712-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2010.1368] [PMID: 21631361]
[40]
Kadam Ashok Rutuja DDNKBV. The Mulberry, Morus alba (L.): The Medicinal Herbal Source for Human Health. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 2019; 8(5): 2941-64.
[41]
Abdulla MA, Ali HM, Ahmed KA, Noor SM, Ismail S. Evaluation of the anti-ulcer activities of Morus alba extracts in experimen-tally-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Biomed Res 2009; 20(1)
[42]
Nesello LAN, Beleza MLML, Mariot M, et al. Gastroprotective Value of Berries: Evidences from Methanolic Extracts of Morus nigra and Rubus niveus Fruits. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017: 7089697.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7089697] [PMID: 29085427]
[43]
Hu TG, Wen P, Fu HZ, Lin GY, Liao ST, Zou YX. Protective effect of mulberry (Morus atropurpurea) fruit against diphenoxylate-induced constipation in mice through the modulation of gut microbiota. Food Funct 2019; 10(3): 1513-28.
[44]
Butt MS, Nazir A, Sultan MT, Schroën K. Morus alba L. nature’s functional tonic. Trends Food Sci Technol 2008; 19(10): 505-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2008.06.002]
[45]
Park KT, Kim JK, Hwang D, Yoo Y, Lim YH. Inhibitory effect of mulberroside A and its derivatives on melanogenesis induced by ultraviolet B irradiation. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49(12): 3038-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011.09.008] [PMID: 21946069]
[46]
Grace R. Cosmeceuticals: Functional food for the skin. Natural Foods Merchandiser 2002.
[47]
Halder RM, Nootheti PK. Ethnic skin disorders overview. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003; 48(6): S143-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2003.274] [PMID: 12789168]
[48]
Sarkar R, Arora P, Garg KV. Cosmeceuticals for hyperpigmentation: What is available? J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2013; 6(1): 4-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-2077.110089] [PMID: 23723597]
[49]
Shahana SNA. Phytochemistry and bioactivity of (Mulberry) plant: A comprehensive Morus alba. Asian J Pharm Pharmacol 2019; 5(2): 207-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.31024/ajpp.2019.5.2.1]
[50]
Arshad S, Rehman R, Mushtaq A, Qayyum A. Morphology, chemical composition and medicinal properties of Morus nigra L. A review. Int J Chem Biochem Sci 2019; 13(2018): 100-3.
[51]
Budiman A, Aulifa DL, Kusuma ASW, Sulastri A. Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) extract for acne treatment. Pharmacogn J 2017; 9(5): 611-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2017.5.97]
[52]
Apak R, Güçlü K, Demirata B, et al. Comparative evaluation of various total antioxidant capacity assays applied to phenolic compounds with the CUPRAC assay. Molecules 2007; 12(7): 1496-547.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/12071496] [PMID: 17909504]
[53]
Budianto B, Prajitno A, Yuniarti A. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak buah ADAS (Foeniculum vulgare, Mill) PADA Vibrio harveyi DAN Vibrio alginolyticus Antibacterial Activity of Fennel (Foe-niculum vulgare Mill) Extract on Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio harveyi. Jurnal Agritech 2015; 35(3): 266.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.9336]
[54]
Basri DF. The potential of aqueous and acetone extracts of galls of Quercus infectoria as antibacterial agents. Indian J Pharmacol 2005; 27(1): 26-9.
[55]
Yigit D, Yigit N. Antibacterial activty of black mulberry (Morus nigra) fruits and leaves. Erzincan Univ J Sci Technol 2008; 1(1): 39-48.
[56]
Memon AA. Phenolic acids profiling and antioxidant potential of mulberry (Morus laevigata W, Morus nigra L, Morus alba L.) leaves and fruits grown in Pakistan. Pol J Food Nutr Sci 2010; 60(1): 25-32.
[57]
Jun M, Fu H-Y, Hong J, Wan X, Yang CS, Ho C-T. Comparison of antioxidant activities of isoflavones from kudzu root (Pueraria lo-bata Ohwi). J Food Sci 2003; 68(6): 2117-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb07029.x]
[58]
Singhal BK, Khan MA, Dhar A, Baqual M, Bindroo BB. Approaches to industrial exploitation of mulberry (Mulberry sp.) fruits. J Fruit Ornam Plant Res 2010; 18(2): 83-99.
[59]
Ercisli S, Orhan E. Chemical composition of white (Morus alba), red (Morus rubra) and black (Morus nigra) mulberry fruits. Food Chem 2007; 103(4): 1380-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.10.054]
[60]
Jan B, Parveen R, Zahiruddin S, Khan MU, Mohapatra S. Ahmad] S. Nutritional constituents of mulberry and their potential applications in food and pharmaceuticals: A review. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28(7): 3909-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.056] [PMID: 34220247]
[61]
Value of Berries: Evidences from Methanolic Extracts of Morus nigra and Rubus niveus Fruits. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017: 7089697.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7089697] [PMID: 29085427]
[62]
Hu TG, Wen P, Fu HZ, Lin GY, Liao ST, Zou YX. Protective effect of mulberry (Morus atropurpurea) fruit against diphenoxylate-induced constipation in mice through the modulation of gut microbiota. Food Funct 2019; 10(3): 1513-28.
[63]
Butt MS, Nazir A, Sultan MT, Schroën K. Morus alba L. nature’s functional tonic. Trends Food Sci Technol 2008; 19(10): 505-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2008.06.002]
[64]
Park KT, Kim JK, Hwang D, Yoo Y, Lim YH. Inhibitory effect of mulberroside A and its derivatives on melanogenesis induced by ultraviolet B irradiation. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49(12): 3038-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011.09.008] [PMID: 21946069]
[65]
Grace R. Cosmeceuticals: Functional food for the skin. Natural Foods Merchandiser 2002.
[66]
Halder RM, Nootheti PK. Ethnic skin disorders overview. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003; 48(6): S143-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2003.274] [PMID: 12789168]
[67]
Sarkar R, Arora P, Garg KV. Cosmeceuticals for hyperpigmentation: What is available? J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2013; 6(1): 4-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-2077.110089] [PMID: 23723597]
[68]
Shahana SNA. Phytochemistry and bioactivity of (Mulberry) plant: A comprehensive Morus alba. Asian J Pharm Pharmacol 2019; 5(2): 207-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.31024/ajpp.2019.5.2.1]
[69]
Arshad S, Rehman R, Mushtaq A, Qayyum A. Morphology, chemical composition and medicinal properties of Morus nigra L. A review. Int J Chem Biochem Sci 2019; 2018(13): 100-3.
[70]
Budiman A, Aulifa DL, Kusuma ASW, Sulastri A. Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) extract for acne treatment. Pharmacogn J 2017; 9(5): 611-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2017.5.97]
[71]
Apak R, Güçlü K, Demirata B, et al. Comparative evaluation of various total antioxidant capacity assays applied to phenolic compounds with the CUPRAC assay. Molecules 2007; 12(7): 1496-547.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/12071496] [PMID: 17909504]
[72]
Budianto B, Prajitno A, Yuniarti A. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak buah ADAS (Foeniculum vulgare, Mill) PADA Vibrio harveyi DAN Vibrio alginolyticus Antibacterial Activity of Fennel (Foe-niculum vulgare Mill) Extract on Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio harveyi. Jurnal Agritech 2015; 35(3): 266.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.9336]
[73]
Basri DF. The potential of aqueous and acetone extracts of galls of Quercus infectoria as antibacterial agents. Indian J Pharmacol 2005; 27(1): 26-9.
[74]
Yigit D, Yigit N. Antibacterial activty of black mulberry (Morus nigra) fruits and leaves. Erzincan Univ J Sci Technol 2008; 1(1): 39-48.
[75]
Memon AA. Phenolic acids profiling and antioxidant potential of mulberry (Morus laevigata W, Morus nigra L, Morus alba L.) leaves and fruits grown in Pakistan. Pol J Food Nutr Sci 2010; 60(1): 25-32.
[76]
Jun M, Fu H-Y, Hong J, Wan X, Yang CS, Ho C-T. Comparison of antioxidant activities of isoflavones from kudzu root (Pueraria lo-bata Ohwi). J Food Sci 2003; 68(6): 2117-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb07029.x]
[77]
Singhal BK, Khan MA, Dhar A, Baqual M, Bindroo BB. Approaches to industrial exploitation of mulberry (Mulberry sp.) fruits. J Fruit Ornam Plant Res 2010; 18(2): 83-99.
[78]
Ercisli S, Orhan E. Chemical composition of white (Morus alba), red (Morus rubra) and black (Morus nigra) mulberry fruits. Food Chem 2007; 103(4): 1380-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.10.054]
[79]
Jan B, Parveen R, Zahiruddin S, Khan MU, Mohapatra S. Ahmad] S. Nutritional constituents of mulberry and their potential applications in food and pharmaceuticals: A review. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28(7): 3909-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.056] [PMID: 34220247]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy