Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1386-2073
ISSN (Online): 1875-5402

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Systematic Review Article

Psidium guajava: An Insight into Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology

Author(s): Bhawna Chechani, Priyanka Roat, Sonal Hada, Dinesh Kumar Yadav and Neetu Kumari*

Volume 27, Issue 1, 2024

Published on: 22 May, 2023

Page: [2 - 39] Pages: 38

DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230426093315

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Psidium guajava (guava) is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and adapted to various environmental conditions. Guava is an important economic fruit widely used as food and folk medicine. It contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, triterpenoids, reducing sugars, essential oils, carotenoids, polyphenols, etc. The presence of triterpenoid acids such as guavacoumaric, ursolic, jacoumaric, guajavanoic, guavenoic, and Asiatic acids helps to develop novel drugs against various diseases. It is used traditionally for medicinal purposes, mainly for antioxidant, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiallergy, anti-inflammatory, and hepato-protective properties.

Objective: The systematic literature study aims to summarize its botanical description, phytochemicals, pharmacological activities, and clinical trials. This review focuses on the plant’s chemical composition and scientific approaches to human welfare.

Methods: A systematic literature search was done on Psidium guajava through previous literature and online databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct, etc., to explain its ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological applications.

Results: Previous literature studies of Psidium guajava suggest it can serve as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-allergy, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects. Successful clinical trials performed on the plant extracts against infantile rotaviral enteritis and infectious gastroenteritis showed future directions to work with the plant for clinical applications.

Conclusion: In this review, an attempt is made to show all literature studied, especially in phytochemistry, pharmacology, clinical trials and uses as traditional folk medicine around the world. The leaves have been used by folklore over the years to treat various ailments such as skin ulcers, diarrhoea, vaginal irritation, cough, conjunctivitis, etc. Further studies are required to explore more therapeutic remedies and to develop new medicines for future perspectives.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Rios, C.D.; Salazar, C.R.; Cardona, C.; Victoria, K.; Torres, M. Fruit trees technical assistance manual.Bogot´a; 2nd ed.; Guayaba En: Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario., 1977, 4, p. 221-248.
[2]
Paull, R.E.; Duarte, O. Tropical fruits. CABI Dig. Lib., 2012, 2, 91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781845937898.0000]
[3]
Jiménez-Escrig, A.; Rincón, M.; Pulido, R.; Saura-Calixto, F. Guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) as a new source of antioxidant dietary fiber. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49(11), 5489-5493.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf010147p] [PMID: 11714349]
[4]
Luiz, C.C.; Carlos, A.F.S.; Fabio, V.; Giuseppina, P.P.L. Antioxidant content in guava (Psidium guajava) and araca (psidium spp.) germplasm from different brazilian regions. plant genet. Resour-C, 2011, 9, 384-391.
[5]
Lucas, E.; Olorunnisola, A.; Adewole, N. Preliminary evaluation of guava (Psidium guajava) tree truss fabrication in Nigeria. Agric. Eng. Int., 2006, 3, 10-20.
[6]
Gutiérrez, R.M.P.; Mitchell, S.; Solis, R.V. Psidium guajava: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2008, 117(1), 1-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.01.025] [PMID: 18353572]
[7]
Ngbolua, K.N.; Mihigo, S.O.; Mpiana, P.T.; Inkoto, C.L.; Masengo, C.A.; Tshibangu, D.S.T.; Gbolo, B.Z.; Baholy, R.; Fatiany, P.R. Ethno-pharmacological survey and ecological studies of some plants used in traditional medicine in Kinshasa city (Democratic Republic of the Congo). Trop. Plant. Res, 2016, 3(2), 413-427.
[8]
Heinrich, M.; Ankli, A.; Frei, B.; Weimann, C.; Sticher, O. Medicinal plants in Mexico: Healers’ consensus and cultural importance. Soc. Sci. Med., 1998, 47(11), 1859-1871.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00181-6] [PMID: 9877354]
[9]
Martínez, G.M.; Barajas, B. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in the Libertad market of the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Jal. Bachelor Thesis. University of Guadalajara, 1991, p.100.
[10]
World Health Organization. Medicinal plants in the South Pacific. WHO Reg. Publ. West. Pac. Ser., 1998, (19), 163.
[11]
Smith, J.; Nigel, H. Tropical forests and their crops; Cornell University Press: London, 1992.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501717949]
[12]
Okwu, D.E.; Ekeke, O. Phytochemical screening and mineral composition of chewing sticks in South Eastern Nigeria. Glob. J. Pure Appl. Sci., 2003, 9(2), 235-238.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v9i2.15962]
[13]
Conway, P. Tree Medicine: A comprehensive guide to the healing power of over 170 trees. Judy Piatkus (Publishers) Ltd , 2002; p. 2173-2177.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0962-4562(02)00076-0]
[14]
Verma, A.K.; Rajkumar, V.; Banerjee, R.; Biswas, S.; Das, A.K. Guava (Psidium guajava L.) powder as an antioxidant dietary fiber in sheep meat nuggets. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci., 2013, 26(6), 886-895.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2012.12671] [PMID: 25049864]
[15]
Metwally, A.M.; Omar, A.A.; Ghazy, N.M.; Harraz, F.M.; El Sohafy, S.M. Monograph of Psidium guajava L. leaves. Pharmacogn. J., 2011, 3(21), 89-104.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2011.21.17]
[16]
Divyashree, P.; Ravi, K. Psidium guajava: A review on its potential as an adjunct in treating periodontal disease. Pharmacogn. Rev., 2014, 8(16), 96-100.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.134233] [PMID: 25125881]
[17]
Pradhan, B.K.; Badola, H.K. Ethnomedicinal plant use by lepcha tribe of dzongu valley, bordering khangchendzonga biosphere reserve, in North Sikkim, India. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed., 2008, 4(1), 22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-4-22] [PMID: 18826658]
[18]
Tetali, P.; Waghchaure, C.; Daswani, P.G.; Antia, N.H.; Birdi, T.J. Ethnobotanical survey of antidiarrhoeal plants of Parinche valley, Pune district, Maharashtra, India. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2009, 123(2), 229-236.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.013] [PMID: 19429366]
[19]
Choudhury, P.R.; Choudhury, M.D.; Ningthoujam, S.S.; Mitra, A.; Nath, D.; Talukdar, A.D. Plant utilization against digestive system disorder in Southern Assam, India. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2015, 175, 192-197.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.020] [PMID: 26387738]
[20]
Namsa, N.D.; Mandal, M.; Tangjang, S.; Mandal, S.C. Ethnobotany of the monpa ethnic group at Arunachal Pradesh, India. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed., 2011, 7(1), 31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-7-31] [PMID: 21995750]
[21]
Nagaraju, N.; Rao, K.N. Folk - medicine for diabetes from rayalaseema of Andhra Pradesh. Anc. Sci. Life, 1989, 9(1), 31-35.
[PMID: 22557673]
[22]
Birdi, T.J.; Daswani, P.G.; Gholkar, M.S. Psidium guajava: A single plant for multiple health problems of rural Indian population. Pharmacogn. Rev., 2017, 11(22), 167-174.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/phrev.phrev_17_17] [PMID: 28989253]
[23]
Hernandez, D.F. Plants of the philippines. First printing. Philippines. University of the Philippines, Chairman, Consuelo V , 1971; p. 678-680.
[24]
Teixeira, R.O.; Camparoto, M.L.; Mantovani, M.S.; Vicentini, V.E.P. Assessment of two medicinal plants, Psidium guajava L. and Achillea millefolium L., in in vitro and in vivo assays. Genet. Mol. Biol., 2003, 26(4), 551-555.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1415-47572003000400021]
[25]
Aguilar, A.; Argueta, A.; Cano, L. Flora Medicinal Indígena de México., 1994. Available from: medicinatradicionalmexicana.unam.mx/fmim/index.html
[26]
Oh, W.K.; Lee, C.H.; Lee, M.S.; Bae, E.Y.; Sohn, C.B.; Oh, H.; Kim, B.Y.; Ahn, J.S. Antidiabetic effects of extracts from Psidium guajava. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2005, 96(3), 411-415.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.041] [PMID: 15619559]
[27]
Ojewole, J.A.O. Hypoglycaemic and hypotensive effects of Psidium gajava Linn. (Myrtaceae) leaf aqueous extract. Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol., 2005, 27(10), 689-695.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/mf.2005.27.10.948917] [PMID: 16395418]
[28]
Mejia, K.; Rengifo, E. Medicinal plants of popular use in the peruvian amazon; Task Educational Graphic Association: Lima, Peru, 2000.
[29]
Pontikis, C.A.; Psidium, G.L. Psidium guajava L. (Guava) En: Bajaj, YDS. Biotechnol. Agric For., 1996, 35, 309-319.
[30]
Pardo, O. Estudio comparativo de ocho especies Americanas de uso medicinal en Mozambique. Revista Chilena de Flora y Vegetaci’on, 1999, 1, 323-328.
[31]
Jansen, P.C.M.; Mendez, O. Plantas medicinais seu uso tradicional em Mocambique. Tomo 2. Traditional Medicine Studies Office; Health Ministry: Maputo, Mozambique, 1990, pp. 298-301.
[32]
Valdizán, H.; Maldonado, A. La Medicina Popular Peruana: Contribución al folklore médico del Perú. Tomo, 1972, II, 412-414.
[33]
Leonti, M.; Vibrans, H.; Sticher, O.; Heinrich, M. Ethnopharmacology of the Popoluca, Mexico: an evaluation. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 2010, 53(12), 1653-1669.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/0022357011778052] [PMID: 11804396]
[34]
Tona, L.; Kambu, K.; Mesia, K.; Cimanga, K.; Apers, S.; De Bruyne, T.; Pieters, L.; Totté, J.; Vlietinck, A.J. Biological screening of traditional preparations from some medicinal plants used as antidiarrhoeal in Kinshasa, Congo. Phytomedicine, 1999, 6(1), 59-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(99)80036-1] [PMID: 10228613]
[35]
Argueta, A.V.; Cano, L.A.; Rodarte, M.E. Atlas de Las Plantas de la Medicina Tradicional Mexicana; Instituto Nacional Indigenista: Mexico, 1994.
[36]
Linares, E.; Bye, R. Selecciónde Plantas Medicinales de México; Limusa: México, 1990, pp. 356-361.
[37]
Holetz, F.B.; Pessini, G.L.; Sanches, N.R.; Cortez, D.A.G.; Nakamura, C.V.; Dias Filho, B.P. Screening of some plants used in the Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 2002, 97(7), 1027-1031.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762002000700017] [PMID: 12471432]
[38]
Cybele, E.; Almeida, M.G.O.; Karnikowski, R.F.; Baldisserotto, B. Analysis of antidiarrhoeic effect of plant used in popular medicine. Rev. Saude Publica, 1995, 29, 56-59.
[39]
Cabieses, M.F. Notes on Traditional Medicine: The rationality of the irrational. Lima Perú., 1993, 123-128.
[40]
Lorena, C.; Ressaissi, A.; Serralheiro, M.L. Bioactives from Psidium guajava leaf decoction: LC-HRMS-MS-Qtof identification, bioactivities and bioavailability evaluation. Food Chem. Adv., 2022, 1, 100003.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2021.100003]
[41]
Sanda, K.A.; Grema, H.A.; Geidam, Y.A.; Bukar-Kolo, Y.M. Pharmacological aspects of Psidium guajava: An update. Int. J. Pharmacol., 2011, 7(3), 316-324.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2011.316.324]
[42]
Belemtougri, R.G.; Constantin, B.; Cognard, C.; Raymond, G.; Sawadogo, L. Effects of two medicinal plants Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) and Diospyros mespiliformis L. (Ebenaceae) leaf extracts on rat skeletal muscle cells in primary culture. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B, 2006, 7(1), 56-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2006.B0056] [PMID: 16365927]
[43]
Choi, J.H.; Park, B.H.; Kim, H.G.; Hwang, Y.P.; Han, E.H.; Jin, S.W.; Seo, J.K.; Chung, Y.C.; Jeong, H.G. Inhibitory effect of Psidium guajava water extract in the development of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2012, 50(8), 2923-2929.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.044] [PMID: 22609491]
[44]
Wu, J.W.; Hsieh, C.L.; Wang, H.Y.; Chen, H.Y. Inhibitory effects of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaf extracts and its active compounds on the glycation process of protein. Food Chem., 2009, 113(1), 78-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.07.025]
[45]
Lutterodt, G.D.; Maleque, A. Effects on mice locomotor activity of a narcotic-like principle from Psidium guajava leaves. J. Ethnopharmacol., 1988, 24(2-3), 219-231.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(88)90155-9] [PMID: 3253493]
[46]
Akinola, O.B.; Oladosu, O.S.; Dosumu, O.O. Ethanol extract of the leaves of Psidium guajava Linn enhances sperm output in healthy Wistar rats. Afr. J. Med. Med. Sci., 2007, 36(2), 137-140.
[PMID: 19205576]
[47]
Pelegrini, P.B.; Murad, A.M.; Silva, L.P.; dos Santos, R.C.P.; Costa, F.T.; Tagliari, P.D.; Bloch, C., Jr; Noronha, E.F.; Miller, R.N.G.; Franco, O.L. Identification of a novel storage glycine-rich peptide from guava (Psidium guajava) seeds with activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Peptides, 2008, 29(8), 1271-1279.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2008.03.013] [PMID: 18448201]
[48]
Nakasone, N.; Ogura, Y.; Higa, N.; Toma, C.; Koizumi, Y.; Takaesu, G.; Suzuki, T.; Yamashiro, T. Effects of Psidium guajava leaf extract on secretion systems of gram-negative enteropathogenic bacteria. Microbiol. Immunol., 2018, 62(7), 444-453.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1348-0421.12604] [PMID: 29790584]
[49]
Lin, H.C.; Lin, J.Y. GSF3, a polysaccharide from guava (Psidium guajava L.) seeds, inhibits MCF-7 breast cancer cell growth via increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio or Fas mRNA expression levels. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2020, 161, 1261-1271.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.057] [PMID: 32531360]
[50]
Hsieh, C.L.; Yang, M.H.; Chyau, C.C.; Chiu, C.H.; Wang, H.E.; Lin, Y.C.; Chiu, W.T.; Peng, R.Y. Kinetic analysis on the sensitivity of glucose- or glyoxal-induced LDL glycation to the inhibitory effect of Psidium guajava extract in a physiomimic system. Biosystems, 2007, 88(1-2), 92-100.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2006.04.004] [PMID: 16806668]
[51]
Hsieh, C.L.; Lin, Y.C.; Ko, W.S.; Peng, C.H.; Huang, C.N.; Peng, R.Y. Inhibitory effect of some selected nutraceutic herbs on LDL glycation induced by glucose and glyoxal. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2005, 102(3), 357-363.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.044] [PMID: 16162395]
[52]
Khedr, S.I.; Mokhamer, E.H.M.; Hassan, A.A.A.; El-Feki, A.S.; Elkhodary, G.M.; El-Gerbed, M.S.A. Psidium guajava Linn leaf ethanolic extract: in vivo giardicidal potential with ultrastructural damage, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 2021, 28(1), 427-439.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.026] [PMID: 33424326]
[53]
Tan, S.; Wang, Z.; Xiang, Y.; Deng, T.; Zhao, X.; Shi, S.; Zheng, Q.; Gao, X.; Li, W. The effects of drying methods on chemical profiles and antioxidant activities of two cultivars of Psidium guajava fruits. L.W.T, 2020, 113, 108723.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108723]
[54]
Kim, S.Y.; Kim, E.A.; Kim, Y.S.; Yu, S.K.; Choi, C.; Lee, J.S.; Kim, Y.T.; Nah, J.W.; Jeon, Y.J. Protective effects of polysaccharides from Psidium guajava leaves against oxidative stresses. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2016, 91, 804-811.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.111] [PMID: 27296444]
[55]
Lee, W.C.; Mahmud, R.; Noordin, R.; Pillai Piaru, S.; Perumal, S.; Ismail, S. Free radicals scavenging activity, cytotoxicity and anti-parasitic activity of essential oil of Psidium guajava L. leaves against Toxoplasma gondii. J. Essent. Oil-Bear. Plants, 2013, 16(1), 32-38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2013.764196]
[56]
Lee, W.C.; Mahmud, R.; Pillai, S.; Perumal, S.; Ismail, S. Antioxidant activities of essential oil of Psidium guajava L. leaves. 3rd International Conference on Biotechnology and Food Science (ICBFS 2012), 2012, pp. 86-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcbee.2012.06.016]
[57]
You, D.H.; Park, J.W.; Yuk, H.G.; Lee, S.C. Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of different parts of guava (Psidium guajava L.). Food Sci. Biotechnol., 2011, 20(4), 1095-1100.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10068-011-0148-9]
[58]
Ayub, M.Y.; Norazmir, M.N.; Mamot, S.; Jeeven, K.; Hadijah, H. Anti-hypertensive effect of pink guava (Psidium guajava) puree on spontaneous hypertensive rats. Int. Food Res. J., 2010, 17, 89-96.
[59]
Lim, Y.Y.; Lim, T.T.; Tee, J.J. Antioxidant properties of several tropical fruits: A comparative study. Food Chem., 2007, 103(3), 1003-1008.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.08.038]
[60]
Tachakittirungrod, S.; Ikegami, F.; Okonogi, S. Antioxidant active principles isolated from Psidium guajava grown in Thailand. Sci. Pharm., 2007, 75(4), 179-193.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.2007.75.179]
[61]
Rajput, R.; Kumar, K. Protective effect of ethanolic extract of guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Mater. Today Proc., 2021, 47(1), 437-439.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.04.617]
[62]
Zhu, X.; Ouyang, W.; Lan, Y.; Xiao, H.; Tang, L.; Liu, G.; Feng, K.; Zhang, L.; Song, M.; Cao, Y. Anti-hyperglycemic and liver protective effects of flavonoids from Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaf in diabetic mice. Food Biosci., 2020, 35, 10054.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100574]
[63]
Jayachandran, M.; Vinayagam, R.; Xu, B. Guava leaves extract ameliorates STZ induced diabetes mellitus via activation of PI3K/AKT signaling in skeletal muscle of rats. Mol. Biol. Rep., 2020, 47(4), 2793-2799.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05399-2] [PMID: 32240465]
[64]
Jayachandran, M.; Vinayagam, R.; Ambati, R.R.; Xu, B.; Chung, S.S.M. Guava leaf extract diminishes hyperglycemia and oxidative stress, prevents β-cell death, inhibits inflammation, and regulates NF-kB signaling pathway in STZ induced diabetic rats. BioMed Res. Int., 2018, 2018, 1-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4601649] [PMID: 29670899]
[65]
Lin, C.Y.; Yin, M.C. Renal protective effects of extracts from guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) in diabetic mice. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr., 2012, 67(3), 303-308.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11130-012-0294-0] [PMID: 22581156]
[66]
Huang, C.S.; Yin, M.C.; Chiu, L.C. Antihyperglycemic and antioxidative potential of Psidium guajava fruit in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2011, 49(9), 2189-2195.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011.05.032] [PMID: 21679740]
[67]
Soman, S.; Rauf, A.A.; Indira, M.; Rajamanickam, C. Antioxidant and antiglycative potential of ethyl acetate fraction of Psidium guajava leaf extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr., 2010, 65(4), 386-391.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11130-010-0198-9] [PMID: 21120613]
[68]
Shen, S.C.; Cheng, F.C.; Wu, N.J. Effect of guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) leaf soluble solids on glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats. Phytother. Res., 2008, 22(11), 1458-1464.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2476] [PMID: 18819164]
[69]
Chuang, P.T.; Shen, S.C.; Wu, N.J.; Wu, J.S.B. Anti-peroxidation effect of guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) leaf soluble solids in vitro and in streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. J. Sci. Food Agric., 2008, 88(12), 2173-2179.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3329]
[70]
Mukhtar, H.M.; Ansari, S.H.; Bhat, Z.A.; Naved, T.; Singh, P. Antidiabetic activity of an ethanol extract obtained from the stem bark of Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae). Pharmazie, 2006, 61(8), 725-727.
[PMID: 16964719]
[71]
Wang, B.; Liu, H.C.; Ju, C.Y. [Study on the hypoglycemic activity of different extracts of wild Psidium guajava leaves in Panzhihua Area]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban, 2005, 36(6), 858-861.
[PMID: 16334572]
[72]
Mukhtar, H.M.; Ansari, S.H.; Ali, M.; Naved, T.; Bhat, Z.A. Effect of water extract of Psidium guajava leaves on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Pharmazie, 2004, 59(9), 734-735.
[PMID: 15497764]
[73]
Yusof, R.M.; Said, M. Effect of high fibre fruit (Guava-Psidium guajava L.) on the serum glucose level in induced diabetic mice. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 2004, 13, S135.
[74]
Hirudkar, J.R.; Parmar, K.M.; Prasad, R.S.; Sinha, S.K.; Lomte, A.D.; Itankar, P.R.; Prasad, S.K. The antidiarrhoeal evaluation of Psidium guajava L. against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli induced infectious diarrhoea. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2020, 251(112561), 112561.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.112561] [PMID: 31926988]
[75]
Borah, U.; Dash, B.; Chakraborty, J. Assessment of periodic dissimilarity of phytochemicals and antidiarrhoeal activity of ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava Linn (Myrtaceae) leaves using Wistar albino rats. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., 2018, 11(1), 431-435.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i1.22482]
[76]
Koriem, K.M.M.; Arbid, M.S.; Saleh, H.N. Antidiarrheal and protein conservative activities of Psidium guajava in diarrheal rats. J. Integr. Med., 2019, 17(1), 57-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2018.12.001] [PMID: 30555015]
[77]
Ezekwesili, J.O.; Nkemdilim, U.U.; Okeke, U.U. Mechanism of antidiarrhoeal effect of ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava leaves. Biokemistri, 2010, 22(2), 85-90.
[78]
Birdi, T.; Daswani, P.; Brijesh, S.; Tetali, P.; Natu, A.; Antia, N. Newer insights into the mechanism of action of Psidium guajava L. leaves in infectious diarrhoea. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 2010, 10(1), 33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-10-33] [PMID: 20584265]
[79]
Ojewole, J.A.O.; Awe, E.O.; Chiwororo, W.D.H. Antidiarrhoeal activity of Psidium guajava Linn. (Myrtaceae) leaf aqueous extract in rodents. J. Smooth Muscle Res., 2008, 44(6), 195-207.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1540/jsmr.44.195] [PMID: 19234374]
[80]
Gonçalves, F.A.; Andrade Neto, M.; Bezerra, J.N.S.; Macrae, A.; Sousa, O.V.; Fonteles-Filho, A.A.; Vieira, R.H.S.F. Antibacterial activity of GUAVA, Psidium guajava Linnaeus, leaf extracts on diarrhea-causing enteric bacteria isolated from Seabob shrimp, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller). Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. São Paulo, 2008, 50(1), 11-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652008000100003] [PMID: 18327481]
[81]
Gonçalves, J.L.S.; Lopes, R.C.; Oliveira, D.B.; Costa, S.S.; Miranda, M.M.F.S.; Romanos, M.T.V.; Santos, N.S.O.; Wigg, M.D. In vitro anti-rotavirus activity of some medicinal plants used in Brazil against diarrhea. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2005, 99(3), 403-407.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.032] [PMID: 15876501]
[82]
Lutterodt, G.D. Inhibition of microlax-induced experimental diarrhoea with narcotic-like extracts of Psidium guajava leaf in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 1992, 37(2), 151-157.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(92)90073-Z] [PMID: 1434689]
[83]
Lutterodt, G.D. Inhibition of gastrointestinal release of acetylchoune byquercetin as a possible mode of action of Psidium guajava leaf extracts in the treatment of acute diarrhoeal disease. J. Ethnopharmacol., 1989, 25(3), 235-247.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(89)90030-5] [PMID: 2747259]
[84]
Zahin, M.; Ahmad, I.; Aqil, F. Antioxidant and antimutagenic potential of Psidium guajava leaf extracts. Drug Chem. Toxicol., 2017, 40(2), 146-153.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01480545.2016.1188397] [PMID: 27268266]
[85]
Grover, I.S.; Bala, S. Studies on antimutagenic effects of guava (Psidium guajava) in Salmonella typhimurium. Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Test., 1993, 300(1), 1-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1218(93)90133-X] [PMID: 7683763]
[86]
Chen, Y.H.; Zhou, T.; Zhang, Y.J.; Zou, Z.F.; Wang, F.; Xu, D.P. Evaluation of antioxidant and anticancer activity of guava. Int. J. Food Nutr. Saf., 2015, 6(1), 1-9.
[87]
Ryu, N.H.; Park, K.R.; Kim, S.M.; Yun, H.M.; Nam, D.; Lee, S.G.; Jang, H.J.; Ahn, K.S.; Kim, S.H.; Shim, B.S.; Choi, S.H.; Mosaddik, A.; Cho, S.K.; Ahn, K.S. A hexane fraction of guava Leaves (Psidium guajava L.) induces anticancer activity by suppressing AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin/ribosomal p70 S6 kinase in human prostate cancer cells. J. Med. Food, 2012, 15(3), 231-241.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2011.1701] [PMID: 22280146]
[88]
Bontempo, P.; Doto, A.; Miceli, M.; Mita, L.; Benedetti, R.; Nebbioso, A.; Veglione, M.; Rigano, D.; Cioffi, M.; Sica, V.; Molinari, A.M.; Altucci, L. Psidium guajava L. anti-neoplastic effects: induction of apoptosis and cell differentiation. Cell Prolif., 2012, 45(1), 22-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00797.x] [PMID: 22172154]
[89]
Peng, C.C.; Peng, C.H.; Chen, K.C.; Hsieh, C.L.; Peng, R.Y. The aqueous soluble polyphenolic fraction of Psidium guajava leaves exhibits potent anti-angiogenesis and antimigration actions on DU145 cells. Evid-Based. Compl. Alt, 2011, 2011, 1-8.
[90]
Chen, K.C.; Peng, C.C.; Chiu, W.T.; Cheng, Y.T.; Huang, G.T.; Hsieh, C.L.; Peng, R.Y. Action mechanism and signal pathways of Psidium guajava L. aqueous extract in killing prostate cancer LNCaP cells. Nutr. Cancer, 2010, 62(2), 260-270.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635580903407130] [PMID: 20099201]
[91]
Lee, S.B.; Park, H.R. Anticancer activity of guava (Psidium guajava L.) branch extracts against HT-29 human colon cancer cells. J. Med. Plants Res., 2010, 4, 891-896.
[92]
Seo, N.; Ito, T.; Wang, N.; Yao, X.; Tokura, Y.; Furukawa, F.; Takigawa, M.; Kitanaka, S. Anti-allergic Psidium guajava extracts exert an antitumor effect by inhibition of T regulatory cells and resultant augmentation of Th1 cells. Anticancer Res., 2005, 25(6A), 3763-3770.
[PMID: 16302737]
[93]
Morais-Braga, M.F.B.; Carneiro, J.N.P.; Machado, A.J.T.; Sales, D.L.; dos Santos, A.T.L.; Boligon, A.A.; Athayde, M.L.; Menezes, I.R.A.; Souza, D.S.L.; Costa, J.G.M.; Coutinho, H.D.M. Phenolic composition and medicinal usage of Psidium guajava Linn.: Antifungal activity or inhibition of virulence? Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 2017, 24(2), 302-313.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.09.028] [PMID: 28149166]
[94]
El Sohafy, S.M.; Metwally, A.M.; Omar, A.A.; Harraz, F.M. Phytochemical investigation and antimicrobial activity of Psidium guajava L. leaves. Pharmacogn. Mag., 2010, 6(23), 212-218.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.66939] [PMID: 20931082]
[95]
Mehta, M.; Kalsi, V.; Sharma, N.; Khurana, N.; Duggal, N.; Khatik, G.L.; Singh, D.; Mahajan, S.; Singh, A.; Satija, S.; Gupta, R.; Verma, S. Pharmacognostic and pharmacological screening of Psidium guajava stem extract for its analgesic potential. Int. J. Green. Pharm., 2018, 12(2), 53-57.
[96]
Siani, A.C.; Souza, M.C.; Henriques, M.G.M.O.; Ramos, M.F.S. Anti-inflammatory activity of essential oils from Syzygium cumini and Psidium guajava. Pharm. Biol., 2013, 51(7), 881-887.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2013.768675] [PMID: 23577801]
[97]
Han, E.H.; Hwang, Y.P.; Choi, J.H.; Yang, J.H.; Seo, J.K.; Chung, Y.C.; Jeong, H.G. Psidium guajava extract inhibits thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) production in human keratinocytes by inducing heme oxygenase-1 and blocking NF-κB and STAT1 activation. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2011, 32(2), 136-145. b
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2011.04.004] [PMID: 21843792]
[98]
Ojewole, J.A.O. Anti-Inflammatory and analgesic effects of Psidium guajava Linn. (myrtaceae) leaf aqueous extracts in rats and mice. Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol., 2006, 28(7), 441-446.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/mf.2006.28.7.1003578] [PMID: 17003849]
[99]
Kavimani, S.; Karpagam, R.I.; Jaykar, B. Anti-inflammatory activity of volatile oil of Psidium guajava. Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 1997, 59(3), 142-144.
[100]
Suláin, M.D.; Zazali, K.E.; Ahmad, N. Screening on antiproliferative activity of Psidium guajava leaves extract towards selected cancer cell lines. J. US. China Med. Sci., 2012, 9, 30-37.
[101]
Kawakami, Y.; Nakamura, T.; Hosokawa, T.; Suzuki-Yamamoto, T.; Yamashita, H.; Kimoto, M.; Tsuji, H.; Yoshida, H.; Hada, T.; Takahashi, Y. Antiproliferative activity of guava leaf extract via inhibition of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase isoforms. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids, 2009, 80(5-6), 239-245.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2009.04.006] [PMID: 19457650]
[102]
Olajide, O.A.; Awe, S.O.; Makinde, J.M. Pharmacological studies on the leaf of Psidium guajava. Fitoterapia, 1999, 70(1), 25-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(98)00010-0]
[103]
Nundkumar, N.; Ojewole, J.A.O. Studies on the antiplasmodial properties of some South African medicinal plants used as antimalarial remedies in zulu folk medicine. Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol., 2002, 24(7), 397-401.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/mf.2002.24.7.696540] [PMID: 12428427]
[104]
Fathilah, A.R. Piper betle L. and Psidium guajava L. in oral health maintenance. J. Med. Plants Res., 2011, 5, 156-163.
[105]
Prabu, G.R.; Gnanamani, A.; Sadulla, S. Guaijaverin – a plant flavonoid as potential antiplaque agent against Streptococcus mutans. J. Appl. Microbiol., 2006, 101(2), 487-495.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02912.x] [PMID: 16882158]
[106]
Razak, F.A.; Othman, R.Y.; Rahim, Z.H.A. The effect of Piper betle and Psidium guajava extracts on the cell-surface hydrophobicity of selected early settlers of dental plaque. J. Oral Sci., 2006, 48(2), 71-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.48.71] [PMID: 16858135]
[107]
Chollom, S.C.; Agada, G.O.A.; Bot, D.Y.; Okolo, M.O.; Dantong, D.D.; Choji, T.P.; Echeonwu, B.C.; Bigwan, E.I.; Lokason, S.; Banwat, E. Phytochemical analysis and antiviral potential of aqueous leaf extract of Psidium guajava against newcastle disease virus in ovo. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., 2012, 2, 45-49.
[108]
Sriwilaijaroen, N.; Fukumoto, S.; Kumagai, K.; Hiramatsu, H.; Odagiri, T.; Tashiro, M.; Suzuki, Y. Antiviral effects of Psidium guajava Linn. (guava) tea on the growth of clinical isolated H1N1 viruses: Its role in viral hemagglutination and neuraminidase inhibition. Antiviral Res., 2012, 94(2), 139-146.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.02.013] [PMID: 22453134]
[109]
Nata’ala, M.K.; Fardami, A.Y.; Dalhat, M.H.; Sirajo, K.; Bashiru, I.; Usman, M.H.; Mas’ud, I. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial analysis of Vernonia amygdalina and Psidium guajava stems on bacteria associated with dental caries. South Asian J. Res. Microbiol., 2019, 3(4), 1-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2019/v3i430092]
[110]
Patel, P.; Joshi, C.; Birdi, T.; Kothari, V. Anti-infective efficacy of Psidium guajava L. leaves against certain pathogenic bacteria. F1000 Res., 2019, 8(12), 12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17500.1] [PMID: 31031967]
[111]
Yahaya, A.; Ali, M. El- Hassan F.I.; Jido B.A. Antibacterial activity of guava (Psidium guajava l.) extracts on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with urinary tract infections attending a tertiary-care hospital. ScientificWorldJournal, 2019, 14(1), 47-51.
[112]
Growther, L.K.S. Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial properties of Psidium guajava leaves and bark extracts. Asian J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 2018, 4(3), 318-323.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.31024/ajpp.2018.4.3.13]
[113]
Zhang, W.; Wang, J.; Chen, Y.; Zheng, H.; Xie, B.; Sun, Z. Flavonoid compounds and antibacterial mechanisms of different parts of white guava (Psidium guajava L. cv. Pearl). Nat. Prod. Res., 2020, 34(11), 1621-1625.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1522313] [PMID: 30334458]
[114]
Taura, D.W.; Yusha’u, M.; Bello, U.A.; Hassan, A.; Saidu, J.; Panda, T.W. Antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava in clinical isolates. Academia. J. Microbiol. Res. (Rosemead Calif.), 2014, 2(2), 79-83.
[115]
Bansode, D.S.; Chavan, M.D. Screening of Guava (Psidium gaujava) for effective phytomedicines and study on its antimicrobial effect against selected enteric pathogens. Int. J. Adv. Pharm. Biol. Chem., 2014, 3(3), 802-806.
[116]
Wan, N.H.W.I.; Fathilah, A.R.; Rahim, Z.H.A. Plant extracts of Psidium guajava, Mangifera and Mentha sp. inhibit the growth of the population of single-species oral biofilm. Altern. Integr. Med., 2013, 2(1), 1-6.
[117]
Choudhury, S.; Sharan, L.; Sinha, M.P. Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of Psidium Guajava L. leaf extracts against clinically important gastrointestinal Pathogens. J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour., 2012, 2(4), 524-529.
[118]
Rahim, N.; Gomes, D.J.; Watanabe, H.; Rahman, S.R.; Chomvarin, C.; Endtz, H.P.; Alam, M. Antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava leaf and bark against multidrug-resistant Vibrio cholerae: implication for cholera control. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., 2010, 63(4), 271-274.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7883/yoken.63.271] [PMID: 20657067]
[119]
Abubakar, E.I.M.M. The use of Psidium guajava Linn in treating wound, skin, and soft tissue infection. Sci. Res. Essays, 2009, 4(6), 605-611.
[120]
Anas, K.; Jayasree, P.R.; Vijayakumar, T.; Manish Kumar, P.R. In vitro antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava Linn. leaf extract on clinical isolates of multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 2008, 46(1), 41-46.
[PMID: 18697570]
[121]
Nair, R.; Chanda, S. In-vitro antimicrobial activity of Psidium guajava l. leaf extracts against clinically important pathogenic microbial strains. Braz. J. Microbiol., 2007, 38(3), 452-458.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822007000300013]
[122]
Mahfuzul Hoque, M.D.; Bari, M.L.; Inatsu, Y.; Juneja, V.K.; Kawamoto, S. Antibacterial activity of guava (Psidium guajava L.) and Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) extracts against foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria. Foodborne Pathog. Dis., 2007, 4(4), 481-488.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2007.0040] [PMID: 18041957]
[123]
Sanches, N.R.; Garcia Cortez, D.A.; Schiavini, M.S.; Nakamura, C.V.; Dias Filho, B.P. An evaluation of antibacterial activities of Psidium guajava (L.). Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., 2005, 48(3), 429-436.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132005000300014]
[124]
Abdelrahim, S.I.; Almagboul, A.Z.; Omer, M.E.A.; Elegami, A. Antimicrobial activity of Psidium guajava L. Fitoterapia, 2002, 73(7-8), 713-715.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00243-5] [PMID: 12490238]
[125]
Khawas, S.; Sivová, V.; Anand, N.; Bera, K.; Ray, B.; Nosáľová, G.; Ray, S. Chemical profile of a polysaccharide from Psidium guajava leaves and it’s in vivo antitussive activity. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2018, 109, 681-686.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.098] [PMID: 29274417]
[126]
Sekhar, N.C.; Jayasree, T.; Ubedulla, S.; Dixit, R. v S, M.; J, S. Evaluation of antinociceptive activity of aqueous extract of bark of Psidium guajava in albino rats and albino mice. J. Clin. Diagn. Res., 2014, 8(9), HF01-HF04.
[PMID: 25386462]
[127]
Santos, F.A.; Rao, V.S.N.; Silveira, E.R. Investigations on the antinociceptive effect of Psidium guajava leaf essential oil and its major constituents. Phytother. Res., 1998, 12(1), 24-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(19980201)12:1<24:AID-PTR181>3.0.CO;2-B]
[128]
Han, E.H.; Hwang, Y.P.; Kim, H.G.; Park, J.H.; Choi, J.H.; Im, J.H.; Khanal, T.; Park, B.H.; Yang, J.H.; Choi, J.M.; Chun, S.S.; Seo, J.K.; Chung, Y.C.; Jeong, H.G. Ethyl acetate extract of Psidium guajava inhibits IgE-mediated allergic responses by blocking FcεRI signaling. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2011, 49(1), 100-108. a
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.10.003] [PMID: 20934477]
[129]
Olatunji-Bello, I.I.; Odusanya, A.J.; Raji, I.; Ladipo, C.O. Contractile effect of the aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves on aortic rings in rat. Fitoterapia, 2007, 78(3), 241-243.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2006.11.007] [PMID: 17346902]
[130]
Shaheen, H.M.; Ali, B.H.; Alqarawi, A.A.; Bashir, A.K. Effect of Psidium guajava leaves on some aspects of the central nervous system in mice. Phytother. Res., 2000, 14(2), 107-111.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(200003)14:2<107:AID-PTR602>3.0.CO;2-Z] [PMID: 10685107]
[131]
Meckes, M.; Calzada, F.; Tortoriello, J.; González, J.L.; Martínez, M. Terpenoids isolated from Psidium guajava with depressant activity on central nervous system. Phytother. Res., 1996, 10(7), 600-603.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199611)10:7<600:AID-PTR918>3.0.CO;2-7]
[132]
Jaiarj, P.; Khoohaswan, P.; Wongkrajang, Y.; Peungvicha, P.; Suriyawong, P.; Sumal Saraya, M.L.; Ruangsomboon, O. Anticough and antimicrobial activities of Psidium guajava Linn. leaf extract. J. Ethnopharmacol., 1999, 67(2), 203-212.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00022-7] [PMID: 10619385]
[133]
Fernandes, K.P.S.; Bussadori, S.K.; Marques, M.M.; Wadt, N.S.Y.; Bach, E.; Martinus, M.D. Healing and cytotoxic effects of Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) leaf extracts. Braz. J. Oral Sci., 2010, 9(4), 449-454.
[134]
Livingston Raja, N.R.; Sundar, K. Psidium guajava Linn confers gastro protective effects on rats. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci., 2012, 16(2), 151-156.
[PMID: 22428465]
[135]
Li, Y.; Xu, J.; Li, D.; Ma, H.; Mu, Y.; Zheng, D.; Huang, X.; Li, L. Chemical characterization and hepatoprotective effects of a standardized triterpenoid-enriched guava leaf extract. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2021, 69(12), 3626-3637.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07125] [PMID: 33733770]
[136]
Vijayakumar, K.; Arumugam, V.A.; Ramasamy, M.; Natesan, M.; Palanisamy, S.; Thajuddin, N.B.; Balasubramanian, B.; Meyyazhagan, A. Hepatoprotective effects of Psidium guajava on mitochondrial enzymes and inflammatory markers in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 2020, 46(12), 2041-2050.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2020.1843474] [PMID: 33121271]
[137]
Chen, H.H.; Wu, P.H.; Lo, D.; Pan, Y.C.; Wu, M.C. Hepatoprotective effect of guava (Psidium guajava L) leaf extract on ethanol-induced injury on clone 9 rat liver cells. Food Nutr. Sci., 2011, 2(9), 983-988.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/fns.2011.29133]
[138]
Roy, C.K.; Das, A.K. Comparative evaluation of different extracts of leaves of Psidium guajava Linn. for hepatoprotective activity. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci., 2010, 23(1), 15-20.
[PMID: 20067861]
[139]
Roy, C.K.; Kamath, J.V.; Asad, M. Hepatoprotective activity of Psidium guajava Linn. leaf extract. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 2006, 44(4), 305-311.
[PMID: 16629373]
[140]
Anand, A.V.; Vijayakumar, K.; Rengarajan, R.L.; Radhakrishnan, R. Hypolipidemic effect of Psidium guajava Leaf extract against hepatotoxicity in rats. Pharmacogn. Mag., 2018, 14(53), 4-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_167_17] [PMID: 29576694]
[141]
Rai, P.K.; Mehta, S.; Watal, G. Hypolipidaemic & hepatoprotective effects of Psidium guajava raw fruit peel in experimental diabetes. Indian J. Med. Res., 2010, 131, 820-824.
[PMID: 20571173]
[142]
Conde Garcia, E.A.; Nascimento, V.T.; Santiago Santos, A.B. Inotropic effects of extracts of Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaves on the guinea pig atrium. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 2003, 36(5), 661-668.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2003000500014] [PMID: 12715086]
[143]
Akinola, O.B.; Oladosu, O.S.; Dosumu, O.O. Spermatoprotective activity of the leaf extract of Psidium guajava Linn. Niger. Postgrad. Med. J., 2007, 14(4), 273-276. b
[PMID: 18163132]
[144]
Lozoya, X.; Meckes, M.; Abou-Zaid, M.; Tortoriello, J.; Nozzolillo, C.; Arnason, J.T. Quercetin glycosides in Psidium guajava L. leaves and determination of a spasmolytic principle. Arch. Med. Res., 1994, 25(1), 11-15.
[PMID: 8019108]
[145]
Mamun, M.A.A.; Faruk, M.; Rahman, M.M.; Nahar, K.; Kabir, F.; Alam, M.A.; Subhan, N. High carbohydrate high fat diet induced hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia were ameliorated by Psidium guajava leaf powder supplementation in rats. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2019, 2019, 1-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1897237]
[146]
Adeyemi, O.S.; Sykes, M.L.; Akanji, M.A.; Avery, V.M. Anti-trypanosomal and cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extracts of Psidium guajava leaves in Alamar Blue based assays. Vet. Arh., 2011, 81, 623-633. http://dx.doi.org/orcid.org/0000-0001-9342-8505
[147]
Adeyemi, O. Stephen; Akanji, M.A.; Oguntoye, S.A. Ethanolic leaf extract of Psidium guajava: Phytochemical and trypanocidal activity in rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. J. Med. Plants Res., 2009, 3(5), 420-423.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/JMPR.9000580]
[148]
Akanji, M.A.; Adeyemi, O.S.; Oguntoye, S.O.; Sulyman, F. Psidium guajava extract reduces trypanosomosis associated lipid peroxidation and raises glutathione concentrations in infected animals. EXCLI J., 2009, 8, 148-154.
[149]
Rai, P.K.; Singh, S.K.; Kesari, A.N.; Watal, G. Glycaemic evaluation of Psidium guajava in rats. Indian J. Med. Res., 2007, 126(3), 224-227.
[PMID: 18037718]
[150]
Yamashiro, S.; Noguchi, K.; Matsuzaki, T.; Miyagi, K.; Nakasone, J.; Sakanashi, M.; Sakanashi, M.; Kukita, I.; Aniya, Y.; Sakanashi, M. Cardioprotective effects of extracts from Psidium guajava L and Limonium wrightii, Okinawan medicinal plants, against ischemia-reperfusion injury in perfused rat hearts. Pharmacology, 2003, 67(3), 128-135.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000067799] [PMID: 12571408]
[151]
Tanideh, N.; Zare, Z.; Jamshidzadeh, A.; Lotfi, M.; Azarpira, N.; Sepehrimanesh, M.; Koohi-Hosseinabadi, O. Hydroethanolic extract of Psidium guajava leaf for induced osteoarthritis using a guinea pig model. Biotech. Histochem., 2017, 92(6), 417-424.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10520295.2017.1308013] [PMID: 28829233]
[152]
Nagar, H.K.; Chandel, H.S.; Rathore, P.; Srivastava, A.K.; Vishwakarma, G.; Srivastava, R.; Ranawat, M.S. Effect of extractive phytoconstituents of Psidium guajava leaves on ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in experimental animals. Int. J. Pharma Sci., 2015, 1(2), 31-37.
[153]
De Carvalho, C.K.N.; Costa-Júnior, L.M.; Lima, D.F.; Canuto, K.M.; Sousa , De B.E.; De Andrade, I.M.; Teodoro, M.S.; Oiram-Filho, F.; Dos, S.R.C.; Mayo, S.J. Acaricidal activity of cashew nut shell liquid associated with essential oils from Cordia verbenacea and Psidium guajava on Rhipicephalus microplus. J. Essent. Oil Res., 2019, 31(4), 297-304.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2019.1580225]
[154]
David, M.; Abraham, T.J.; Nagesh, T.S.; Adikesavalu, H. Immunomodulatory effect of Guavarine®, aqueous guava leaf extract, on ornamental Koi carp Cyprinus carpio var. koi L. 1758. J. Appl. Aquacult., 2017, 29(3-4), 322-330.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2017.1363680]
[155]
Vasavi, H.S.; Arun, A.B.; Rekha, P.D. Anti-quorum sensing activity of Psidium guajava L. flavonoids against Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Microbiol. Immunol., 2014, 58(5), 286-293.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1348-0421.12150] [PMID: 24698116]
[156]
Tangpu, T.V.; Yadav, A.K. Anticestodal efficacy of Psidium guajava against experimental hymenolepis diminuta infection in rats. Indian J. Pharmacol., 2017, 38, 29-32.
[157]
Lakshmi, B.; Sudhakar, M. Screening of Psidium guajava leaf extracts for antistress activity in different experimental animal models. Phcog. Res, 2009, 1, 359-366.
[158]
Bazioli, J.M.; Costa, J.H.; Shiozawa, L.; Ruiz, A.L.T.G.; Foglio, M.A.; Carvalho, J.E. Anti-estrogenic activity of guajadial fraction, from guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.). Molecules, 2020, 25(7), 1525.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071525] [PMID: 32230839]
[159]
Doubova, S.V.; Morales, H.R.; Hernández, S.F.; Martínez-García, M.C.; Ortiz, M.G.C.; Soto, M.A.C.; Arce, E.R.; Lozoya, X. Effect of a psidii guajavae folium extract in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized clinical trial. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2007, 110(2), 305-310.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.09.033] [PMID: 17112693]
[160]
Singh, R.B.; Rastogi, S.S.; Singh, N.K.; Ghosh, S.; Gupta, S.; Niaz, M.A. Can guava fruit intake decrease blood pressure and blood lipids? J. Hum. Hypertens., 1993, 7(1), 33-38.
[PMID: 8383769]
[161]
Singh, R.B.; Rastogi, S.S.; Singh, R.; Ghosh, S.; Niaz, M.A. Effects of guava intake on serum total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and on systemic blood pressure. Am. J. Cardiol., 1992, 70(15), 1287-1291.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(92)90763-O] [PMID: 1332463]
[162]
Thaptimthong, T.; Kasemsuk, T.; Sibmooh, N.; Unchern, S. Platelet inhibitory effects of juices from Pachyrhizus erosus L. root and Psidium guajava L. fruit: a randomized controlled trial in healthy volunteers. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 2016, 16(1), 269.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1255-1] [PMID: 27488183]
[163]
Wei, L.; Li, Z.; Chen, B. Clinical study on treatment of infantile rotaviral enteritis with Psidium guajava L. Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih, 2000, 20(12), 893-895.
[PMID: 11938857]
[164]
Echemendia, C.E.; Moron, R.F.J. Tintura de hojas de Psidium guajava L. en pacientes con diarrea aguda simple. Rev. Cuba. Plantas Med., 2004, 9, 340-356.
[165]
Lozoya, X.; Reyes-Morales, H.; Chávez-Soto, M.A.; Martínez-García, M.C.; Soto-González, Y.; Doubova, S.V. Intestinal anti-spasmodic effect of a phytodrug of Psidium guajava folia in the treatment of acute diarrheic disease. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2002, 83(1-2), 19-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00185-X] [PMID: 12413703]
[166]
Cheng, J.T.; Yang, R.S. Hypoglycemic effect of guava juice in mice and human subjects. Am. J. Chin. Med., 1983, 11(01n04), 74-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X83000124] [PMID: 6660217]
[167]
Deguchi, Y.; Osada, K.; Uchida, K.; Kimura, H.; Yoshikawa, M.; Kudo, T.; Yasui, H.; Watanuki, M. Effects of extract of guava leaves on the development of diabetes in the db/db mouse and on the postprandial blood glucose of human subjects. Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi, 1998, 72(8), 923-931.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.72.923]
[168]
Ishibashi, K.; Oka, M.; Hachiya, M.; Maeda, T.; Tajima, N. Comparison of voglibose and Guava Tea (Bansoureicha®) on postprandial blood glucose level. J. Pract. Diabetes, 2004, 21, 455-458.
[169]
Deguchi, Y.; Osada, K.; Chonan, O.; Kobayahsi, K.; Oohashi, A.; Kitukawa, T.; Watanuki, M.; Ooni, M.; Nakajima, K.; Hata, Y. Effectiveness of consecutive ingestion and excess intake of guava leaves tea in human volunteers. J. Jap. Counc. Adv. Food Ingredients Res, 2000, 1, 19-28.
[170]
Asano, T.; Tuji, A.; Deguchi, Y.; Makino, K. Clinical effect of Guava Tea (Bansoureicha®) on diabetes patient. Jap. J. Nutr. Assess, 2005, 11, 81-85. [In Japanese].
[171]
Qa’dan, F.; Thewaini, A.J.; Ali, D.A.; Afifi, R.; Elkhawad, A.; Matalka, K.Z. The antimicrobial activities of Psidium guajava and Juglans regia leaf extracts to acne-developing organisms. Am. J. Chin. Med., 2005, 33(2), 197-204.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X05002783] [PMID: 15974479]
[172]
Rahmat, A.; Abu Bakar, M.F.; Faezah, N.; Hambali, Z. The effects of guava (Psidium guajava) consumption on total antioxidant and lipid profile in normal male youth. Afr. J. Food Agric. Nutr. Dev., 2006, 6(2), 1-12.
[173]
Rahmat, A.; Abu, M.F.; Faezah, N.; Hambali, Z. The effects of consumption of guava (Psidium guajava) or papaya (Carica papaya) on total antioxidant and lipid profile in normal male youth. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 2004, 13, S106.
[174]
Amaliya, A.; Risdiana, A.S.; Van der Velden, U. Effect of guava and vitamin C supplementation on experimental gingivitis: A randomized clinical trial. J. Clin. Periodontol., 2018, 45(8), 959-967.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12922] [PMID: 29757462]
[175]
Monárrez-Espino, J.; López-Alarcón, M.; Greiner, T. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of guava juice as a source of ascorbic acid to reduce iron deficiency in Tarahumara indigenous schoolchildren of northern Mexico. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 2011, 30(3), 191-200.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2011.10719960] [PMID: 21896877]
[176]
Arya, V.; Thakur, N.; Kashyap, C.P. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts of Psidium leaves. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem., 2012, 1(1), 1-5.
[177]
Kaneria, M.; Chanda, S. Phytochemical and pharmacognostic evaluation of leaves of Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae). Pharmacogn. J., 2011, 3(23), 41-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2011.23.6]
[178]
Medina, M.L.; Pagano, F.G. Characterization of Psidium guajava pulp “criolla roja”. Rev. Fac. Agron., 2003, 20(1), 72-26.
[179]
Jain, N.; Dhawan, K.; Malhotra, S.; Singh, R.; Singh, R. Biochemistry of fruit ripening of guava (Psidium guajava L.): compositional and enzymatic changes. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr., 2003, 58(4), 309-315.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:QUAL.0000040285.50062.4b] [PMID: 15354790]
[180]
Uchôa-thomaz, A.M.A.; Sousa, E.C.; Carioca, J.O.B.; Morais, S.M.D.; Lima, A.D.; Martins, C.G.; Alexandrino, C.D.; Ferreira, P.A.T.; Rodrigues, A.L.M.; Rodrigues, S.P.; Thomaz, J.C.D.A.; Silva, J.D.N.; Rodrigues, L.L. Chemical composition, fatty acid profile and bioactive compounds of guava seeds (Psidium guajava L.). Food Sci. Technol., 2014, 34(3), 485-492.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-457x.6339]
[181]
Obaineh, M.O.; Shadrach, A. Phytochemical constituents and medicinal properties of different extracts of Anacardium occidentale and Psidium guajava. Asian J. Biomed. Pharm. Sci., 2013, 3(6), 20-23.
[182]
Huang, J.; Li, C.; Ma, J.; Xu, K.; Chen, X.; Jiang, J.; Zhang, D. Chemical constituents of Psidium guajava leaves and their antibacterial activity. Phytochemistry, 2021, 186, 112746.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112746] [PMID: 33799191]
[183]
Liang, Q.; Qian, H.; Yao, W. Identification of flavonoids and their glycosides by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and with diode array ultraviolet detection. Eur. J. Mass Spectrom., 2005, 11(1), 93-101.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.710] [PMID: 15947448]
[184]
Alam, W.; Khan, H.; Shah, M.A.; Cauli, O.; Saso, L. Kaempferol as a dietary anti-inflammatory agent: current therapeutic standing. Molecules, 2020, 25(18), 4073.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184073] [PMID: 32906577]
[185]
Yang, W.; Tu, H.; Tang, K.; Huang, H.; Ou, S.; Wu, J. Reynoutrin improves ischemic heart failure in rats via targeting S100A1. Front. Pharmacol., 2021, 12, 703962.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.703962] [PMID: 34366855]
[186]
Ukwueze, S.E.; Osadebe, P.O.; Okoye, F.B.C. A new antibacterial benzophenone glycoside from Psidium guajava (Linn.) leaves. Nat. Prod. Res., 2015, 29(18), 1728-1734.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.1003188] [PMID: 25631395]
[187]
Gayathri, V.; Kiruba, D. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of leaf powder extracts of Psidium guajava L. Int. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. Res, 2014, 6(2), 332-334.
[188]
Venditti, A.; Ukwueze, S.E. A possible glycosidic benzophenone with full substitution on B-ring from Psidium guajava leaves. Nat. Prod. Res., 2017, 31(7), 739-741.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2016.1242004] [PMID: 27739322]
[189]
Shu, J.; Chou, G.; Wang, Z. Two new benzophenone glycosides from the fruit of Psidium guajava L. Fitoterapia, 2010, 81(6), 532-535.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2010.01.014] [PMID: 20080158]
[190]
Shu, J.C.; Chou, G.X.; Wang, Z.T. One new diphenylmethane glycoside from the leaves of Psidium guajava L. Nat. Prod. Res., 2012, 26(21), 1971-1975.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2011.633081] [PMID: 22085357]
[191]
Matsuzaki, K.; Ishii, R.; Kobiyama, K.; Kitanaka, S. New benzophenone and quercetin galloyl glycosides from Psidium guajava L. J. Nat. Med., 2010, 64(3), 252-256.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11418-010-0400-2] [PMID: 20354804]
[192]
Li, Y.; Xu, J.; Li, D.; Ma, H.; Mu, Y.; Huang, X.; Li, L. Guavinoside B from Psidium guajava alleviates acetaminophen-induced liver injury via regulating the Nrf2 and JNK signaling pathways. Food Funct., 2020, 11(9), 8297-8308.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D0FO01338B] [PMID: 32909594]
[193]
Maruyama, Y.; Matsuda, H.; Matsuda, R.; Kubo, M.; Hatano, T.; Okuda, T. Study on Psidium guajava L. (I). Antidiabetic effect and effective components of the leaf of Psidium guajava L. (Part 1). Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 1985, 39(4), 261-269. [Japan].
[194]
Matsuo, T.; Hanamure, N.; Shimoi, K.; Nakamura, Y.; Tomita, I. Identification of (+)-gallocatechin as a bio-antimutagenic compound in Psidium guava leaves. Phytochemistry, 1994, 36(4), 1027-1029.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90484-9] [PMID: 7765204]
[195]
Okuda, T.; Hatano, T.; Yazaki, K. Guavin B, an ellagitannin of novel type. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1984, 32(9), 3787-3788.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.32.3787] [PMID: 6525667]
[196]
Okuda, T.; Yoshida, T.; Hatano, T.; Yazaki, K.; Ikegami, Y.; Shingu, T.; Guavins, A.; Guavins, A. C and D, complex tannins from Psidium guajava. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1987, 35(1), 443-446.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.35.443] [PMID: 3594649]
[197]
Tanaka, T.; Ishida, N.; Ishimatsu, M.; Nonaka, G.; Nishioka, I. Tannins and related compounds CXVI.1) Six new complex tannins, guajavins, psidinins, and psiguavin from the bark of Psidium guajava L. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1992, 40(8), 2092-2098.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.40.2092]
[198]
Paniandy, J.C.; Chane-Ming, J.; Pieribattesti, J.C. Chemical composition of the essential oil and headspace solid-phase microextraction of the guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.). J. Essent. Oil Res., 2000, 12(2), 153-158.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2000.9699486]
[199]
Stevens, K.L.; Brekke, J.E.; Stern, D.J.; Donald, S. Volatile constituents in guava. J. Agric. Food Chem., 1970, 18(4), 598-599.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf60170a016]
[200]
Adam, F.; Vahirua-Lechat, I.; Deslandes, E.; Menut, C. Aromatic plants of French Polynesia. V. chemical composition of essential oils of leaves of Psidium guajava L. and Psidium cattleyanum Sabine. J. Essent. Oil Res., 2011, 23(1), 98-101.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700433]
[201]
Anandakumar, P.; Kamaraj, S.; Vanitha, M.K. D‐limonene: A multifunctional compound with potent therapeutic effects. J. Food Biochem., 2021, 45(1), e13566.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13566] [PMID: 33289132]
[202]
Surendran, S.; Qassadi, F.; Surendran, G.; Lilley, D.; Heinrich, M. Myrcene-what are the potential health benefits of this flavouring and aroma agent? Front. Nutr., 2021, 8, 699666.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.699666] [PMID: 34350208]
[203]
Negreiros, H.A.; de Moura, K.G. Barreto do, N.M.L.L.; do Nascimento, R.D.C.; Ferreir, P.M.P.; Braz, D.C.; de Farias, M.G.; de Sousa, C.L.; Pereira, A.R.S.; Santos, L.K.B.; Gonçalves, J.C.R.; Mendes, A.N.; Carneiro da, S.F.C.; Cavalcant, A.A.C.M.; de Castro e Sousa, J.M. Alpha-terpineol as antitumor candidate in pre-clinical studies. Anticancer. Agents Med. Chem., 2021, 21(15), 2023-2031.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520621999210104195820] [PMID: 33397274]
[204]
Hassan, E.M.; El Gendy, A.E.N.G.; Abd-ElGawad, A.M.; Elshamy, A.I.; Farag, M.A.; Alamery, S.F.; Omer, E.A. Comparative chemical profiles of the essential oils from different varieties of Psidium guajava L. Molecules, 2020, 26(1), 119.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010119] [PMID: 33383905]
[205]
Na-Bangchang, K.; Karbwang, J.; Narahara, C.; Saeheng, T.; Chaijaroenkul, W.; Dumre, S.P. β-Eudesmol induces the expression of apoptosis pathway proteins in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. J. Res. Med. Sci., 2020, 25(1), 7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jrms.JRMS_291_19] [PMID: 32055247]
[206]
Xu, C.; Liang, Z.; Tang, D.; Xiao, T.; Tsunoda, M.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, L.; Deng, S.; Song, Y. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of volatile components from guava leaves. J. Essent. Oil-Bear. Plants, 2017, 20(6), 1536-1546.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2017.1417746]
[207]
Granados-Chinchilla, F.; Villegas, E.; Molina, A.; Arias, C. Composition, Chemical fingerprinting and antimicrobial assessment of Costa Rican cultivated guavas (Psidium friedrichsthalianum (O. Berg) Nied. and Psidium guajava L.) essential oils from leaves and fruits. Nat. Prod. Chem. Res., 2016, 4(6), 1-10.
[208]
Satyal, P.; Paudel, P.; Lamichhane, B.; Setzer, W.N. Leaf essential oil composition and bioactivity of Psidium guajava from Kathmandu, Nepal. Am. J. Essent. Oil Nat. Prod., 2015, 3(2), 11-14.
[209]
Khadhri, A.; El Mokni, R.; Almeida, C.; Nogueira, J.M.F.; Araújo, M.E.M. Chemical composition of essential oil of Psidium guajava L. growing in Tunisia. Ind. Crops Prod., 2014, 52, 29-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.10.018]
[210]
Thuaytong, W.; Anprung, P. Bioactive compounds and prebiotic activity in Thailand-grown red and white guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.). Food Sci. Technol. Int., 2011, 17(3), 205-212.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013210382066] [PMID: 21652766]
[211]
Chen, H.C.; Sheu, M.J.; Lin, L.Y.; Wu, C.M. Volatile constituents of six cultivars of mature guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruits from Taiwan. Acta Hortic., 2008, 765(765), 273-278.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.765.34]
[212]
de Lima, R.K.; Cardoso, M.G.; Andrade, M.A.; Nascimento, E.A.; de Morais, S.A.L.; Nelson, D.L. Composition of the essential oil from the leaves of tree domestic varieties and one wild variety of the guava plant (Psidium guajava L., Myrtaceae). Rev. Bras. Farmacogn., 2010, 20(1), 41-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2010000100009]
[213]
da Silva, J.D.; Luz, A.I.R.; da Silva, M.H.L.; Andrade, E.H.A.; Zoghbi, M.G.B.; Maia, J.G.S. Essential oils of the leaves and stems of four Psidium spp. Flavour Fragrance J., 2003, 18(3), 240-243.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1219]
[214]
Jordán, M.J.; Margaría, C.A.; Shaw, P.E.; Goodner, K.L. Volatile components and aroma active compounds in aqueous essence and fresh pink guava fruit puree (Psidium guajava L.) by GC-MS and multidimensional GC/GC-O. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51(5), 1421-1426.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf020765l] [PMID: 12590492]
[215]
Li, J.; Chen, F.; Luo, J. GC-MS analysis of essential oil from the leaves of Psidium guajava. Zhong Yao Cai, 1999, 22(2), 78-80.
[PMID: 12575048]
[216]
Ji, X.; Pu, Q.; Garraffo, H.M.; Pannell, L.K. The essential oils of leaves of Psidium guajava L. J. Essent. Oil Res., 1991, 3(3), 187-189.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9700501]
[217]
Wilson, C.W., III; Shaw, P.E.; Philip, E.S. Terpene hydrocarbons from Psidium guajava. Phytochemistry, 1978, 17(8), 1435-1436.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94607-7]
[218]
Soares, F.D.; Pereira, T.; Maio, M.M.O.; Monteiro, A.R. Volatile and non-volatile chemical composition of the white guava fruit (Psidium guajava) at different stages of maturity. Food Chem., 2007, 100(1), 15-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.061]
[219]
de Souza, T.S.; Ferreira, M.F.S.; Menini, L.; Souza, J.R.C.L.; Bernardes, C.O.; Ferreira, A. Chemotype diversity of Psidium guajava L. Phytochemistry, 2018, 153, 129-137.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.06.006] [PMID: 29913321]
[220]
Tang, G.H.; Dong, Z.; Guo, Y.Q.; Cheng, Z.B.; Zhou, C.J.; Yin, S. Psiguajadials A-K: Unusual Psidium meroterpenoids as phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors from the leaves of Psidium guajava. Sci. Rep., 2017, 7(1), 1047-1061.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01028-4] [PMID: 28432317]
[221]
Huang, J.; Li, C.; Ma, J.; Zang, Y.; Sun, X.; Chen, X.; Zhang, D. Psiguamers A–C, three cytotoxic meroterpenoids bearing a methylated benzoylphloroglucinol framework from Psidium guajava and total synthesis of 1 and 2. Chin. Chem. Lett., 2021, 32(5), 1721-1725.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2020.11.028]
[222]
Huang, J.W.; Li, C.J.; Yang, J.Z.; Li, C.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, K.; Yu, Y.; Jiang, J.D.; Zhang, D.M. Guajamers A-I, rearranged polycyclic phloroglucinol meroterpenoids from Psidium guajava leaves and their antibacterial activity. Chin. J. Chem., 2021, 39(5), 1129-1137.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.202000640]
[223]
Shao, M.; Wang, Y.; Jian, Y.Q.; Huang, X.J.; Zhang, D.M.; Tang, Q.F.; Jiang, R.W.; Sun, X.G.; Lv, Z.P.; Zhang, X.Q.; Ye, W.C. Guadial A and psiguadials C and D, three unusual meroterpenoids from Psidium guajava. Org. Lett., 2012, 14(20), 5262-5265.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol302423b] [PMID: 23020279]
[224]
Jian, Y.Q.; Huang, X.J.; Zhang, D.M.; Jiang, R.W.; Chen, M.F.; Zhao, B.X.; Wang, Y.; Ye, W.C. Guapsidial A, and guadial B and C: Three new meroterpenoids with unusual skeletons from the leaves of Psidium guajava. Chemistry, 2015, 21(25), 9022-9027.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201500533] [PMID: 25965842]
[225]
Ouyang, W.; Zhu, X.; Wang, W.; Chen, X.X.; Chen, Y.J.; Cao, Y. Novel skeleton sesquiterpenoids isolated from guava leaves. Nat. Prod. Res., 2016, 30(8), 898-903.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2015.1076819] [PMID: 26308496]
[226]
Shao, M.; Wang, Y.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, D.M.; Cao, H.H.; Jiang, R.W.; Fan, C.L.; Zhang, X.Q.; Chen, H.R.; Yao, X.S.; Ye, W.C. Psiguadials A and B, two novel meroterpenoids with unusual skeletons from the leaves of Psidium guajava. Org. Lett., 2010, 12(21), 5040-5043.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol102179u] [PMID: 20929258]
[227]
Begum, S.; Hassan, S.I.; Siddiqui, B.S. Two new triterpenoids from the fresh leaves of Psidium guajava. Planta Med., 2002, 68(12), 1149-1152.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-36353] [PMID: 12494352]
[228]
Begum, S.; Hassan, S.I.; Siddiqui, B.S.; Shaheen, F.; Nabeel, M.G.; Gilani, A.H. Triterpenoids from the leaves of Psidium guajava. Phytochemistry, 2002, 61(4), 399-403.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00190-5] [PMID: 12377233]
[229]
Lawrence, A.L.; Adlington, R.M.; Baldwin, J.E.; Lee, V.; Kershaw, J.A.; Thompson, A.L. A short biomimetic synthesis of the meroterpenoids guajadial and psidial A. Org. Lett., 2010, 12(8), 1676-1679.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol100138k] [PMID: 20235528]
[230]
Padula, M.; Rodriguez-Amaya, D.B. Characterisation of the carotenoids and assessment of the vitamin A value of Brasilian guavas. Food Chem., 1986, 20, 11-19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(86)90163-9]
[231]
Mercadante, A.Z.; Steck, A.; Pfander, H. Carotenoids from guava (Psidium guajava l.): Isolation and structure elucidation. J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47(1), 145-151.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf980405r] [PMID: 10563863]
[232]
Chandrika, U.G.; Fernando, K.S.S.P.; Ranaweera, K.K.D.S. Carotenoid content and in vitro bioaccessibility of lycopene from guava (Psidium guajava) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) by high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 2009, 60(7), 558-566.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09637480801987195] [PMID: 19817635]
[233]
Malacrida, C.; Jorge, N. Fatty acids and some antioxidant compounds of Psidium guajava seed oil. Acta Aliment., 2013, 42(3), 371-378.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/AAlim.2012.0010]
[234]
Budzynska, B.; Faggio, C.; Kruk-Slomka, M.; Samec, D.; Nabavi, S.F.; Sureda, A.; Devi, K.P.; Nabavi, S.M. Rutin as neuroprotective agent: From bench to bedside. Curr. Med. Chem., 2019, 26(27), 5152-5164.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666171003114154] [PMID: 28971760]
[235]
Bhandarkar, N.S.; Brown, L.; Panchal, S.K. Chlorogenic acid attenuates high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet–induced cardiovascular, liver, and metabolic changes in rats. Nutr. Res., 2019, 62, 78-88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2018.11.002] [PMID: 30803509]
[236]
Castro-Vargas, H.I.; Rodríguez-Varela, L.I.; Ferreira, S.R.S.; Parada-Alfonso, F. Extraction of phenolic fraction from guava seeds (Psidium guajava L.) using supercritical carbon dioxide and co-solvents. J. Supercrit. Fluids, 2010, 51(3), 319-324.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2009.10.012]
[237]
Giron-Rodriguez, F.; Diaz-De-Ceiro, E.; Perez-Garrido, A.; Den-Haan, H.; Pena-Garcia, J.; Gabaldon-Hernandez, J.A.; Verardo, V.; Segura-Carretero, A.; Perez-Sanchez, H. In silico study of potential antidiabetic activity of phenolic compounds from Psidium guajava. Farma. J., 2019, 4(1), 74.
[238]
Nagar, P.K.; Rao, T.R. Studies on endogenous cytokinins in guava (Psidium guajava L.). Ann. Bot., 1981, 48(6), 845-852.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086191]
[239]
Salib, J.Y.; Michael, H.N. Cytotoxic phenylethanol glycosides from Psidium guaijava seeds. Phytochemistry, 2004, 65(14), 2091-2093.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.06.009] [PMID: 15279977]
[240]
Kamarazaman, I.S.; Abdul, R.L.; Nik Hasan, M.K.; Ahmad, M.R.; Ayob, M.K.M.; Rahim, N.; Zakaria, N. Antioxidant properties of polysaccharide extract from juice and pomace of Psidium guajava (pink guava) and its mitigating effect in early stage of atherogenesis. Nat. Prod. Chem. Res., 2017, 5(5), 1-6.
[241]
Mandal, S.; Sarkar, R.; Patra, P.; Nandan, C.K.; Das, D.; Bhanja, S.K.; Islam, S.S. Structural studies of a heteropolysaccharide (PS-I) isolated from hot water extract of fruits of Psidium guajava (Guava). Carbohydr. Res., 2009, 344(11), 1365-1370.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2009.05.009] [PMID: 19500779]
[242]
Arain, A.; Sherazi, S.T.H.; Mahesar, S.A. Sirajuddin, Spectroscopic and chromatographic evaluation of solvent extracted guava seed oil. Int. J. Food Prop., 2017, 20(sup1), S556-S563.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2017.1301953]
[243]
Arima, H.; Danno, G. Isolation of antimicrobial compounds from guava (Psidium guajava L.) and their structural elucidation. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 2002, 66(8), 1727-1730.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.66.1727] [PMID: 12353635]
[244]
Abdel, W.S.M.; Hifawy, M.S.; El Gohary, H.M.; Isak, M. Study of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, flavonoids, vitamin C and biological activity of Psidium guajava L. growing in Egypt. Egypt. J. Biomed. Sci, 2004, 16, 3552.
[245]
Seshadri, T.R.; Vasishta, K. Polyphenols of the leaves of psidium guava-quercetin, guaijaverin, leucocyanidin and amritoside. Phytochemistry, 1965, 4(6), 989-992.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86281-0]
[246]
Weli, A.; Al-Kaabi, A.; Al-Sabahi, J.; Said, S.; Hossain, M.A.; Al-Riyami, S. Chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils of Psidium guajava leaf. J. King Saud Univ. Sci., 2019, 31(4), 993-998.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2018.07.021]
[247]
Borah, A.; Pandey, S.K.; Haldar, S.; Lal, M. Chemical composition of leaf essential oil of Psidium guajava L. from North East India. J. Essent. Oil-Bear. Plants, 2019, 22(1), 248-253.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2019.1574213]
[248]
Arain, A.; Hussain Sherazi, S.T.; Mahesar, S.A. Sirajuddin, Essential oil from Psidium guajava leaves: An excellent source of β-caryophyllene. Nat. Prod. Commun., 2019, 14(5), 1934578X1-984300.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578X19843007]
[249]
Begum, S.; Hassan, S.I.; Ali, S.N.; Siddiqui, B.S. Chemical constituents from the leaves of Psidium guajava. Nat. Prod. Res., 2004, 18(2), 135-140.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786410310001608019] [PMID: 14984086]
[250]
Begum, S.; Siddiqui, B.; Hassan, S.I. Triterpenoids from Psidium guajava leaves. Nat. Prod. Lett., 2002, 16(3), 173-177.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10575630290004251] [PMID: 12049217]
[251]
Yang, X.L.; Hsieh, K.L.; Liu, J.K. Guajadial: An unusual meroterpenoid from guava leaves Psidium guajava. Org. Lett., 2007, 9(24), 5135-5138.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol702537q] [PMID: 17985919]
[252]
Yang, X.L.; Hsieh, K.L.; Liu, J.K. Disguajadial: A dimer of the meroterpenoid from the leaves of Psidium guajava (guava). Chin. J. Nat. Med., 2008, 6(5), 333-335.
[253]
Ghosh, P.; Mandal, A.; Chakraborty, P.; Rasul, M.G.; Chakraborty, M.; Saha, A. Triterpenoids from Psidium guajava with biocidal activity. Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 2010, 72(4), 504-507.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.73936] [PMID: 21218065]
[254]
Begum, S.; Ali, S.N.; Hassan, S.I.; Siddiqui, B.S. A new ethylene glycol triterpenoid from the leaves of Psidium guajava. Nat. Prod. Res., 2007, 21(8), 742-748.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786410601083712] [PMID: 17616904]
[255]
Begum, S.; Hassan, S.I.; Ali, S.N.; Siddiqui, B.S. Chemical constituents from the leaves of Psidium guajava. Chem. Nat. Compd., 2015, 51(1), 137-138.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-015-1220-0]
[256]
Gao, Y.; Li, G.T.; Li, Y.; Hai, P.; Wang, F.; Liu, J.K. Guajadials C-F, four unusual meroterpenoids from Psidium guajava. Nat. Prod. Bioprospect., 2013, 3(1), 14-19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13659-012-0102-4]
[257]
Qin, X.J.; Yan, H.; Ni, W.; Yu, M.Y.; Khan, A.; Liu, H.; Zhang, H.X.; He, L.; Hao, X.J.; Di, Y.T.; Liu, H.Y. Cytotoxic meroterpenoids with rare skeletons from Psidium guajava cultivated in temperate zone. Sci. Rep., 2016, 6(1), 32748-32756.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep32748] [PMID: 27586698]
[258]
Fu, H.Z.; Luo, Y.M.; Li, C.J.; Yang, J.Z.; Zhang, D.M. Psidials A-C, three unusual meroterpenoids from the leaves of Psidium guajava L. Org. Lett., 2010, 12(4), 656-659.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol9024869] [PMID: 20078113]
[259]
Shao, M.; Wang, Y.; Huang, X.J.; Fan, C.L.; Zhang, Q.W.; Zhang, X.Q.; Ye, W.C. Four new triterpenoids from the leaves of Psidium guajava. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res., 2012, 14(4), 348-354. a
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2011.653964] [PMID: 22375873]
[260]
Li, C.J.; Ma, J.; Sun, H.; Zhang, D.; Zhang, D.M. Guajavadimer A, a dimeric caryophyllene-derived meroterpenoid with a new carbon skeleton from the leaves of Psidium guajava. Org. Lett., 2016, 18(2), 168-171.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03117] [PMID: 26710182]
[261]
Qin, X.J.; Yu, Q.; Yan, H.; Khan, A.; Feng, M.Y.; Li, P.P.; Hao, X.J.; An, L.K.; Liu, H.Y. Meroterpenoids with antitumor activities from guava (Psidium guajava). J. Agric. Food Chem., 2017, 65(24), 4993-4999.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01762] [PMID: 28578580]
[262]
Gao, Y.; Wang, G.Q.; Wei, K.; Hai, P.; Wang, F.; Liu, J.K. Isolation and biomimetic synthesis of (±)-guajadial B, a novel meroterpenoid from Psidium guajava. Org. Lett., 2012, 14(23), 5936-5939.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol302849v] [PMID: 23163238]
[263]
Sharma, S.; Rajat, K.; Prasad, R.; Vasudevan, P. Biology and potential of Psidium guajava. J. Sci. Ind. Res., 1999, 58, 414-421.
[264]
Prasad, N.B.L.; Azeemoddin, G. Characteristics and composition of guava (Psidium guajava L.) seed and oil. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 1994, 71(4), 457-458.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02540531]
[265]
Chen, K.C.; Hsieh, C.L.; Huang, K.D.; Ker, Y.B.; Chyau, C.C.; Peng, R.Y. Anticancer activity of rhamnoallosan against DU-145 cells is kinetically complementary to coexisting Polyphenolics in Psidium guajava budding leaves. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57(14), 6114-6122.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf901268w] [PMID: 19552430]
[266]
Misra, K.; Seshadri, T.R. Chemical components of the fruits of Psidium guava. Phytochemistry, 1968, 7(4), 641-645.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88240-0]
[267]
Fujita, T.; Massaharu, K.; Tamotsu, K.; Kenji, Y.; Kejichi, O.; Kiyoshi, S. Nutrient contents in fruit and leaves of guava and in leaves of Japanese persimmon. Seikatsu Eisei, 1985, 29, 206-209.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy