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Current Diabetes Reviews

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ISSN (Print): 1573-3998
ISSN (Online): 1875-6417

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Review Article

Insulin Glargine in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Clinical Trials and Real-world Evidence Across Two Decades

Author(s): Banshi Saboo*, Hemraj Chandalia, Sujoy Ghosh, Jothydev Kesavadev, IPS Kochar, KM Prasannakumar, Archana Sarda, Ganapathi Bantwal, RN Mehrotra and Madhukar Rai

Volume 20, Issue 1, 2024

Published on: 04 May, 2023

Article ID: e100323214554 Pages: 15

DOI: 10.2174/1573399819666230310150905

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Over the past two decades, insulin glargine 100 U/mL (Gla-100) has emerged as the “standard of care” basal insulin for the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Both formulations, insulin glargine 100 U/mL (Gla-100) and glargine 300 U/mL (Gla- 300) have been extensively studied against various comparator basal insulins across various clinical and real-world studies. In this comprehensive article, we reviewed the evidence on both insulin glargine formulations in T1DM across clinical trials and real-world studies.

Methods: Evidence in T1DM for Gla-100 and Gla-300 since their approvals in 2000 and 2015, respectively, were reviewed.

Results: Gla-100 when compared to the second-generation basal insulins, Gla-300 and IDeg-100, demonstrated a comparable risk of overall hypoglycemia, but the risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia was higher with Gla-100. Additional benefits of Gla-300 over Gla-100 include a prolonged (>24- hours) duration of action, a more stable glucose-lowering profile, improved treatment satisfaction, and greater flexibility in the dose administration timing.

Conclusion: Both glargine formulations are largely comparable to other basal insulins in terms of glucose-lowering properties in T1DM. Further, risk of hypoglycemia is lower with Gla-100 than Neutral Protamine Hagedorn but comparable to insulin detemir.

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