Generic placeholder image

Current Traditional Medicine

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2215-0838
ISSN (Online): 2215-0846

Mini-Review Article

Sida rhombifolia Linn., A Traditional Herb: A Review of its Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

Author(s): Pallavi Ahirrao*

Volume 10, Issue 1, 2024

Published on: 17 April, 2023

Article ID: e100323214552 Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/2215083809666230310143529

Price: $65

Abstract

Ancient systems of medicine such as Ayurveda and others in India have contributed vast knowledge to develop herbal medicines over the years. The WHO has also recognized the importance of drugs developed from natural products. Sida rhombifolia Linn. known as ‘Mahabala’ is ethnomedicinal plant of Malvaceae. Traditionally S. rhombifolia was used in India in the form of extracts/powder/paste by tribal populations in India for treating common ailments like cough and cold, fever, stomach, kidney and liver disorders, inflammations, etc. The present review describes a detailed overview of traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry and ethnopharmacological studies of S. rhombifolia. Several phytoconstituents from S. rhombifolia have been reported to exhibit pharmacological activities in vivo and/or in vitro bioassays. Validation of ethnomedicinal uses of medicinal plants by modern scientific approaches is essential for ensuring safe and effective utilization of herbal medicines.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Suentar I. Importance of ethnopharmacological studies in drug discovery: Role of medicinal plants. Phytochem Rev 2019; 19: 1199-209.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11101-019-09629-9]
[2]
Heinrich M. Ethnopharmacology in the 21st century - grand challenges. Front Pharmacol 2010; 1(8): 8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2010.00008] [PMID: 21713103]
[3]
Barker RM. Sida section Sida in Australia: A revised key, a newly introduced species, S. subcordata Span., and name changes for S. rohlenae var. Mutica (Benth.) fryxell and S. magnifica domin. J Adel Bot Gard 1998; 18(1): 33-41.
[4]
Masih H, Paul S, Yadav J, Pandey S, Peter JK. Antibacterial properties of selected medicinal plants against pethogenic bacteria. Int J Sci Res 2014; 2(5): 915-24.
[5]
Narendhirakannan RT, Limmy TP. In vitro antioxidant studies on ethanolic extracts of leaf, stem and root of Sida rhombifolia L. Int J Pharma Bio Sci 2010; 1(2): BS63.
[6]
Dhalwal K, Deshpande YS, Purohit AP. Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity of Sida rhombifolia (L.) ssp. retusa (L.). J Med Food 2007; 10(4): 683-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2006.129] [PMID: 18158841]
[7]
Sundaraganapathy R, Niraimathi V, Thangadurai A. Phytochemical studies and pharmacological screening of Sida rhombifolia Linn. Hygeia J D Med 2013; 5: 19-22.
[8]
Thounaojam MC, Jadeja RN, Ramani UV, Devkar RV, Ramachandran AV. Sida rhomboidea. Roxb. leaf extract down-regulates expression of PPARγ2 and leptin genes in high fat diet fed C57BL/6J Mice and retards in vitro 3T3L1 pre-adipocyte differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12(7): 4661-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms12074661] [PMID: 21845103]
[9]
Thounaojam MC, Jadeja RN. Ansarullah , et al. Cardioprotective effect of Sida rhomboidea. Roxb. extract against isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2011; 63(4): 351-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2010.02.010] [PMID: 20303721]
[10]
Thounaojam MC, Jadeja RN, Devkar RV, Ramachandran AV. Sida rhomboidea Roxb. leaf extract ameliorates gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity and renal dysfunction in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 132(1): 365-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.037] [PMID: 20728516]
[11]
Devkar RV, Ramachandran AV, Patel DK, et al. Assessment of lipid lowering effect of Sida rhomboidea Roxb. methanolic extract in experimentally induced hyperlipidemia. J Young Pharm 2009; 1(3): 233-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-1483.57070]
[12]
Mah SH, Teh SS, Ee GCL. Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia. Pharm Biol 2017; 55(1): 920-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2017.1285322] [PMID: 28152649]
[13]
Patick F, Pax M, Amos RM. Evaluation of the wound healing activity of formulated ointments and water preparation from Sida rhombifolia leaf extract. Tanzan J Health Res 2018; 20(4): 1-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v20i4.4]
[14]
Sileshi W, Legesse A, Yinebeb T, Diriba M, Tadesse B. Evaluation of antibacterial activities of compounds isolated from Sida rhombifolia Linn. (malvaceae). Nat Prod Chem Res 2012; 1(1): 1-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2329-6836.1000101]
[15]
Assam JPA, Dzoyem JP, Pieme CA, Penlap VB. In vitro antibacterial activity and acute toxicity studies of aqueous-methanol extract of Sida rhombifolia Linn. (Malvaceae). BMC Complement Altern Med 2010; 10(1): 40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-10-40] [PMID: 20663208]
[16]
Rao K, Mishra SH. Anti-inflamatory and hepatoprotective activities of Sida rhombifolia Linn. Indian J Pharmacol 1997; 29: 110-6.
[17]
Ekramul Islam M, Ekramul Haque M, Mosaddik MA. Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of Sida rhombifolia (Malvaceae) grown in Bangladesh. Phytother Res 2003; 17(8): 973-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1294] [PMID: 13680839]
[18]
India Biodiversity portal, Biodiversity India. Available from: https://indiabiodiversity.org/
[19]
Fact Sheet Index, Weeds of Australia, Biosecurity Queensland edition, Queensland Government. Available from: https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/fshelp.htm
[20]
Plants for a future, Database. Available from: https://pfaf.org/
[21]
Sharma S, Shashi Bhusan B, Lariya S, Mistry S. Pharmacognostic and phytochemical investigation of Sida acuta leaves. J Chem Pharm Sci 2017; 10(3): 1488-91.
[22]
Verdcourt B. The variation of Sida rhombifolia L. (Malvaceae) in East Africa. Kew Bull 2004; 59(2): 233-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4115855]
[23]
Paul AF, Sidarum VS. The North and Central American species of Sida. SIDA Contrib Bot 1985; 11: 62-91.
[24]
Javier FA, Paul AF, Robert KJ. Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Sida, generic alliance (Malvaceae) based on nrDNA its evidence. Syst Bot 2003; 28(2): 352-64.
[25]
Sivaranjan VV, Pradeep AK. Taxonomy of the Sida rhombifolia (Malvaleae) complex in India. SIDA Contrib Bot 1994; (16): 63-78.
[26]
Marais W. Notes on mascarene malvaceae. Kew Bull 1983; 38(1): 41-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4107959]
[27]
Bulletin of the Broterian Society Vol II (II Série). Coimbra: University press 1924; pp. 1980-1.
[28]
Sebastian M, Mruthunjaya K, et al. An overview of pharmacognostical and pharmacological properties of Sida rhombifolia. Res J Pharmacog Phytochem 2012; 4(1): 49-52.
[29]
Das C, Debta P, Das D, Ghosh G. Cytomorphological and physicochemical studies of Sida rhombifolia. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015; 7: 46-56.
[30]
Ajitha Bai MD, Sunitha Rani SP, Balachandran S, Jayakumar G. The use of sida plant in the preparation of nayapayam kashyam. Int J Res Ayurveda Pharm 2012; 3(1): 99-104.
[31]
Philippine medicinal Plants. Available from: http://www.stuartxchange.org/Escobilla.html
[32]
Iswantini D, Darusman LK, Hidayat R. Indonesian Sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia L.) as antigout and inhibition kinetics of flavonoids crude extract on the activity of xanthine oxidase. J Biol Sci 2009; 9(5): 504-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2009.504.508]
[33]
Chaves O, Gomes R, Tomaz A, et al. Secondary metabolites from Sida rhombifolia L. (Malvaceae) and the vasorelaxant activity of cryptolepinone. Molecules 2013; 18(3): 2769-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules18032769] [PMID: 23455668]
[34]
Prakash A, Varma R, Ghosal S. Alkaloid constituents of Sida acuta, S. humilis, S. rhombifolia and S. spinosa. Planta Med 1981; 43(12): 384-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-971529] [PMID: 17402065]
[35]
Abat JK, Kumar S, Mohanty A. Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and ethnopharmacological aspects of four medicinal plants of Malvaceae used in Indian traditional medicines: A review. Medicines 2017; 4(4): 75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines4040075] [PMID: 29057840]
[36]
Chaves O, Teles Y, Monteiro M, et al. Alkaloids and phenolic compounds from Sida rhombifolia L. (Malvaceae) and vasorelaxant activity of two indoquinoline alkaloids. Molecules 2017; 22(1): 94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules22010094] [PMID: 28067836]
[37]
Jadhav AN, Pawar RS, Avula B, Khan IA. Ecdysteroid glycosides from Sida rhombifolia L. Chem Biodivers 2007; 4(9): 2225-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.200790180] [PMID: 17886841]
[38]
Goyal MM, Rani KK. Effect of natural products isolated from three species of Sida on some gram positive and gram negative bacteria. J Indian Chem Soc 1988; 65: 74-6.
[39]
Ahirrao P, Tambat R, Kamboj A, Jain UK, Nandanwar HS. Modulation activity of Sida cordifolia L. and Sida rhombifolia L. in staphylococcus aureus SA-1199B. Int Res J Pharm 2019; 10(10): 115-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.1010309]
[40]
Logeswari P, Dineshkumar V. In-vivo anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Sida rhombifolia L. Root. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2013; 4: 316-21.
[41]
Narendhirakannan RT, Limmy TP. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of Sida rhombifolia stems and roots in adjuvant induced arthritic rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 34(2): 326-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08923973.2011.605142] [PMID: 21970621]
[42]
Ghosh G, Subudhi B, Mishra S. Antihyperglycemic activity of root bark of Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula and aerial parts of Sida rhombifolia Linn. and it’s relationship with antioxidant property. Asian J Chem 2011; 23: 141-4.
[43]
Muanza D, Kim B, Euler K, Williams L. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of nine medicinal plants from Zaire. Int J Pharmacol 1994; 32: 337-45.
[44]
Thounaojam M, Jadeja R, Devkar R. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Sida rhomboidea Roxb. methanolic extract determined using different in vitro models. Bol Latinoam Caribe Plantas Med Aromat 2010; 9: 191-8.
[45]
Kumar R, Mishra S. Anti inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of Sida rhombifolia Linn. Indian J Pharmacol 1997; 29: 110-6.
[46]
Pieme CA, Penlap VN, Ngogang J, Costache M. In vitro cytotoxicity and antioxidant activities of five medicinal plants of Malvaceae family from Cameroon. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 29(3): 223-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2010.01.003] [PMID: 21787606]
[47]
Ahmadi M, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Rafiei A, Kardan M, Ebrahimi MA. Sida rhombifolia exerts anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in human liver cancer HepG2 cells in vitro. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23(11): 3677-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.11.3677] [PMID: 36444580]
[48]
Sarangi R, Mishra U, Panda S, Behera S. Evaluation of antidiarrhoeal activity of Sida rhombifolia Linn. root. Int Res J Pharm 2011; 2: 157-60.
[49]
Akele B. In vivo antimalarial activity of aerial part extracts of Gardenia lutea and Sida rhombifolia. Int J Res Pharmacol Pharmacotherapy 2012; 2: 234-41.
[50]
Papitha N, Narayanan J, Sreenivasan S, Kumar V. Anti-tubercular activity on leaves and roots of Sida rhombifolia L. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2013; 20: 135-7.
[51]
Ramalho LdaSN, Dias GT, Espinola GEJRC, et al. Acute toxicity evaluation of ethanolic extract of air parts of Sida rhombifolia L. in wistar rats. African J Pharmacol 2019; 13: 181-7.
[52]
Konate K, Mavoungou JF, Ouédraogo M, Lepengue AN. Preliminary toxicity study, anti-nociceptive and anti- inflammatory properties of extracts from Sida rhombifolia L. (Malvaceae). Int J Pharm Sci Drug Res 2012; 3(9): 3136-45.
[53]
Ouédraogo M, Zerbo P, Konaté K, Barro N, Sawadogo LL. Effect of long-term use of Sida rhombifolia L. extract on hemato-biochemical parameters of experimental animals. Br J Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 4(1): 18-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/bjpt.4.5386]
[54]
Sireeratawong S, Lertprasertsuke N, Srisawat U, et al. Acute and subchronic toxicity study of the water extract from root of Sida rhombifolia Linn. in rats. Songklanakarin J Sci Technol 2008; 30(6): 729-37.
[55]
Cristina da CAI, Piber de ST, de Souza VM, et al. Preclinical safety assessment of the crude extract from Sida rhombifolia L. aerial parts in experimental models of acute and repeated-dose 28 days toxicity in rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 124: 104974.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104974] [PMID: 34139276]
[56]
Rai A, Prabhu SN, Udupi V, Basaviah R, Narayana SKK. Phytochemical standardisation and antimicrobial effect of Sida rhombifolia Linn. aerial parts. J Ayu Med Sci 2018; 2(4): 269-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/jams.2017.2.34]
[57]
Khatoon S, Srivastava M, Rawat A, Mehrotra S. HPTLC method for chemical standardization of Sida species and estimation of the alkaloid ephedrine. J Planar Chromatogr Mod TLC 2005; 18(105): 364-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/JPC.18.2005.5.5]
[58]
Avula B, Joshi V, Wang Y-H, Jadhav A. Quantitative determination of ecdysteroids in Sida rhombifolia L. and various other Sida species using LC-UV, and their anatomical characterization. Nat Prod Commun 2007; 3(5): 705-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578X0800300508]
[59]
Ankad GM, Subramanya MD, Pai SR, Hegde H, Roy S, Hoti SL. Simultaneous determination of vasicine and vasicinone by high-performance liquid chromatography in roots of eight Sida species. Ayu 2016; 37(2): 135-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ayu.AYU_49_16] [PMID: 29200752]
[60]
Imran M, Patil SP, Abourehab MAS, Aeri V, Kesharwani P. Quality by design‐based optimization of Soxhlet extraction and identification of ephedrine by a HPTLC method for Sida rhombifolia and Sida cordifolia. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36(12): e5479.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.5479] [PMID: 35961325]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy