Abstract
Aim: HIV infection is currently an incurable disease characterized by life-long drug utility. Its incurable causality and mechanism are still unknown to us.
Methods: To overcome this therapeutic setback, some breakthroughs should be made by utilizing different approaches. How to plan some experimental and clinical novelty for HIV curability is a modern challenge. In this article, new ideas and approaches for global HIV/AIDS therapeutic strategies are proposed and represented by scientific insights.
Results: Pharmaceutical characteristics, herbal medicine, novel drug targets, cutting-edge biotherapy, drug combination, animal modalities, and immune-stimuli for HIV latency, as well as clearance, are highlighted.
Discussion: To elucidate our understanding of curative treatment for HIV/AIDS, many new pathological discoveries, expansion, technical advances, and potential drug targets are constructed. After the discovery of novel pathogenesis and therapeutic evolution, HIV/AIDS therapeutic curability may become achievable and a reality.
Conclusion: Transformation from animal model investigation to widespread therapies for larger volume of human population is a necessity in modern medicine. In this infectious treatment scenario, major breakthroughs in medicine and drug development are anticipated.
Graphical Abstract
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0703-867] [PMID: 12835707]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-1052.1000e115]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574891X10666150109115402] [PMID: 25578060]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871526517666170505122800] [PMID: 28474549]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0703-874] [PMID: 12835708]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1183278] [PMID: 19965456]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1211919] [PMID: 21921189]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574887111666151217125154] [PMID: 26672600]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574887111666160729103440] [PMID: 27480966]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00337] [PMID: 24151495]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1165706] [PMID: 19265012]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102667] [PMID: 32114397]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/487439a] [PMID: 22836995]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574891X13666181026094526] [PMID: 30362422]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5576612] [PMID: 34326884]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260670] [PMID: 34855860]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10366-y] [PMID: 31266936]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.19775] [PMID: 31825458]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.19694.1] [PMID: 31559009]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.3489] [PMID: 24658076]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2006.08.042] [PMID: 17055187]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2007.01.023] [PMID: 17329035]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1145015] [PMID: 17600205]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00864-4] [PMID: 12202041]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574891X09666140417154727] [PMID: 24738551]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.3793] [PMID: 25654603]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.351.6269.133] [PMID: 26744400]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1191047] [PMID: 20616270]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1505799112] [PMID: 26504197]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41541-022-00485-x] [PMID: 35764661]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0703-861] [PMID: 12835706]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-02885-x] [PMID: 29402886]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8341638]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000003361] [PMID: 27082595]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.52635/EAMR/11.2.140-144]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875692116666180419154033]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/hpmij.2019.03.00165]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875692116666180419153313]
[PMID: 28831925]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630014279] [PMID: 30237673]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.01.027] [PMID: 18343466]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2013.01.034] [PMID: 32288794]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340309788166705] [PMID: 20436855]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871525711311010010] [PMID: 22946901]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1103464] [PMID: 21651388]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11481-021-10011-w] [PMID: 34528173]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.202000315] [PMID: 33569817]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/221270700201151216151927]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw5589] [PMID: 31597754]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.3565] [PMID: 24859529]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA118.005798] [PMID: 30413535]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12929-019-0592-z] [PMID: 31894001]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073697] [PMID: 33918134]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07026-w] [PMID: 35033018]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211362611208020124]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871526518666180813160348] [PMID: 30101721]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pgs.13.111] [PMID: 23859571]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pgs.13.69] [PMID: 23837472]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jit017] [PMID: 23315324]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902018000001010]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138955751503150312141854] [PMID: 25769973]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-03846-0] [PMID: 31853074]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.010] [PMID: 33099022]