Abstract
Introduction: The emergence of novel nanobiomedicine has transformed the management of various infectious as well as non-infectious diseases.Lasiosiphon eriocephalus, a medicinal plant, revealed the presence of active secondary metabolites and biological potentials.
Objective: The present study was aimed to demonstrate the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using L. eriocephalus leaf extract (LE-AgNPs) and their biological properties, such as antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer potential.
Methods: The biosynthesized LE-AgNPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The antibacterial activity was checked by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zone of inhibition assays against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The anticancer potential of biogenic LE-AgNPs was checked by cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay against human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells.
Results: UV-visible spectroscopy confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles by measuring the surface plasmon resonance peak of the colloidal solution at 410-440 nm. The results of SEM and TEM revealed the distribution and spherical shape of 20-50 nm sized AgNPs. XRD spectrum confirmed the characteristic peaks at the lattice planes 110, 111, 200, 220 and 311 of silver which confirmed the crystalline nature of biosynthesized LE-AgNPs. FTIR spectrum of plant extract and biogenic LE-AgNPs was recorded in between 1635-3320 cm-1 which confirmed stretching vibrations of possible functional groups C=C and O-H, responsible for the reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles. The in vitro antioxidant potential of LE-AgNPs was evaluated using DPPH (IC50 = 26.51 ± 1.15 μg/mL) and ABTS radical assays (IC50 =74.33 ± 2.47 μg/mL). The potential antibacterial effects of LE-AgNPs confirmed that 92.38 ± 2.70% growth inhibition occurred in E. coli in response to 0.1mg/mL concentration of LE-AgNPs followed by P. aeruginosa (75.51 ± 0.76), S. aureus (74.53 ± 1.26) and K. pneumoniae (67.4 ± 3.49). The cytotoxicity results interpreted that the biogenic silver nanoparticles exhibited strong dose and time dependent cytotoxicity effect against selected cancer cell lines where IC50 concentration of LE-AgNPs required to inhibit the growth of HeLa cells after 24 h exposure was 4.14 μg/mL and MCF7 cells 3.00 μg/mL, respectively. Significant DNA fragmentation was seen in the DNA extracted from HeLa and MCF-7 cells exposed to more than 2.5 to 10 μg/mL concentrations of LE-AgNPs.
Conclusion: The overall findings from the present investigation indicated that the AgNPs synthesized using L. eriocephalus exerted strong biological potentials such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and extensive cytotoxicity and genotoxicity activities.
Graphical Abstract
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