Coexistence of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Acute Myeloid Leukemia
at Initial Diagnosis: A Case Report

Meng   Meng   Ke; Zhi   Zhong   Wang; Qin      Wan; Zhi   Jun   Chen

doi:10.2174/1573405618666220929090927

Abstract

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia are both hematological malignancies that rarely coexist at the time of initial diagnosis. We present a case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia diagnosed on the first admission.

Background: Lymphoma and leukemia, both malignant hematological cancers, are primarily different diseases, with a majority of cases originating independently. The co-occurrence of lymphoma and leukemia at the time of the first diagnosis is extremely rare, and few relevant reports exist in the medical literature. We describe a case of a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia, a very rare occurrence.

Case Report: A 57-year-old man complained of fatigue and neck tumors. A physical examination revealed several enlarged superficial lymph nodes throughout the body. On admission, routine blood tests revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, and normal counts of white blood cells. Cytology of two cervical lymph nodes indicated non- Hodgkin's lymphoma, ¹⁸F-PET/CT: multiple enlarged lymph nodes with hypermetabolism, diffuse hypermetabolism of the bone marrow, suggesting lymphoma infiltration in the bone marrow, and a bone marrow biopsy revealed acute myeloid leukemia. Ultimately, the patient was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia.

Conclusion: Primary bilineage hematological malignancies are rare, and the mechanism underlying their incidence is unknown. Infiltration of the bone marrow by lymphoma or leukemia can result in diffuse hypermetabolism, mostly diagnosed via bone marrow biopsy.

Keywords: Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia, two Malignancies, Coexistence, bone marrow infiltration, PET/CT, case report.

Graphical Abstract

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DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573405618666220929090927	Print ISSN 1573-4056
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1875-6603

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Coexistence of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Acute Myeloid Leukemia at Initial Diagnosis: A Case Report

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