Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Traditional Medicine

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2215-0838
ISSN (Online): 2215-0846

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

A Review on Valeriana wallichii: Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Research

Author(s): Ghosia Jamal, Rabea Parveen, Mohammad Aasif Khan, Varsha Srivastava, Saad Mustafa, Sayeed Ahmad and Syed Akhtar Husain*

Volume 9, Issue 4, 2023

Published on: 18 October, 2022

Article ID: e140922208824 Pages: 17

DOI: 10.2174/2215083808666220914123526

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: In the past decade, a rising trend has been seen in the use of plant-based medicines because of fewer/no side effects. Plants are always the major source of traditional medicines in every culture. The main objective of this review is to shed light on the phytochemical composition and pharmacological research of Valeriana wallichii.

Methods: Electronic databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, etc., were searched for traditional uses, extraction of phytoconstituents, therapeutical uses and pharmacology of V. wallichii.

Results: V. wallichii has been used as a sleep remedy since ancient times in the Indian traditional system of medicines. It is also used as a diuretic, spasmolytic and pain-relieving agent. It is used for the treatment of epilepsy, dyspeptic symptoms, failing reflexes, habitual constipation, insanity, nervous debility, obesity, spastic disorders, and in snake poisoning, and also reported to have cytotoxic potential. The pharmacological activity of the plant is due to the presence of different types of secondary metabolites, including valerianic acid, valerosidatum glycoside, valepotriates, dihydrovaltrate, 6-methylapigenin, hesperidin, sesquiterpenoids, bornylisovalerianate, isovalerenic acid, 1-camphene, 1-pinene, terpineol, valerianine, bornylisovalerianate, valerianine and so on. This review focuses on the detailed phytochemistry of the plant and its therapeutic indication. The main emphasis is given to the anticancer potential of V. wallichii, with in vitro cytotoxic as well as in vivo antitumor description.

Conclusion: The review reveals that further research, as well as clinical trials, are needed to know this plant as an effective drug for the treatment of cancer in the future with exact molecular mechanisms.

Keywords: Valeriana wallichii DC., Valerianaceae, Indian Valerian, Valepotriates, Pharmacological activity.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Nandhini S, Narayanan KB, Ilango K. Valeriana officinalis: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018; 11(1): 36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i1.22588]
[2]
Muthukrishnan S, Palanisamy S, Subramanian S, Selvaraj S, Mari KR, Kuppulingam R. Phytochemical profile of Erythrina variegata by using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analyses. JAMS J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jams.2016.06.001]
[3]
WHO. WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants. Essent Med Heal Prod Inf Portal 1999.
[4]
Sarker SD, Nahar L. An introduction to natural products isolation. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 864: 1-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-624-1_1] [PMID: 22367891]
[5]
Newman DJ, Cragg GM. Natural products as sources of new drugs from 1981 to 2014. J Nat Prod 2016; 79(3): 629-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01055] [PMID: 26852623]
[6]
Heinrich M. Ethnobotany and its role in drug development. Phytother Res 2000; 14(7): 479-88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1573(200011)14:7<479::AIDPTR958>3.0.CO;2-2] [PMID: 11054835]
[7]
World Health Organization. WHO monograph volume 2. Africa (Lond) 2002.
[8]
Shakya AK. Medicinal plants: Future source of new drugs. Int J Herb Med 2016; 4(4): 59-64.
[9]
Khan MA, Srivastava V, Kabir M, et al. Development of synergy-based combination for learning and memory using in vitro, in vivo and TLC-MS-bioautographic studies. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12: 678611.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.678611] [PMID: 34276370]
[10]
Verma P, Mathur AK, Jain SP, Mathur A. In vitro conservation of twenty-three overexploited medicinal plants belonging to the Indian sub continent. ScientificWorldJ 2012; 2012: 929650.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/929650] [PMID: 22593711]
[11]
Hullatti K, Pathade N, Mandavkar Y, Godavarthi A, Biradi M. Bioactivity-guided isolation of cytotoxic constituents from three medicinal plants. Pharm Biol 2013; 51(5): 601-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2012.753919] [PMID: 23363069]
[12]
Houghton PJ. The scientific basis for the reputed activity of valerian. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 51(5): 505-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/0022357991772772] [PMID: 10411208]
[13]
Sharma M, Jain UK, Patel A, Gupta N, Vidyanagar S, Road B. A comprehensive pharmacognostic report on valerian. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2010; 2: 6-40.
[14]
Lefebvre T, Foster BC, Drouin CE, Krantis A, Livesey JF, Jordan SA. In vitro activity of commercial valerian root extracts against human cytochrome P450 3A4. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2004; 7(2): 265-73.
[PMID: 15367385]
[15]
Ghosh S, Debnath S, Hazra S, et al. Valeriana wallichii root extracts and fractions with activity against Leishmania spp. Parasitol Res 2011; 108(4): 861-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-2127-0] [PMID: 21085992]
[16]
Dweck AC. An introduction to valerian Valeriana officinalis and related species. In: Houghton PJ, Ed. Valerian: The Genus Valeriana. London, UK: Routledge 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203734483-1]
[17]
Woerdenbag HJ, Bos R, Scheffer JJC. Valerian: Quality assurance of the crude drug and its preparations. In: Houghton PJ, Ed. Valerian: The Genus Valeriana. London, UK: Routledge 2017.
[18]
Das G, Shin HS, Tundis R, et al. Plant species of sub-family valerianaceae-a review on its effect on the central nervous system. Plants 2021; 10(5): 846.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10050846] [PMID: 33922184]
[19]
Sah SP, Mathela CS, Chopra K. Antidepressant effect of Valeriana wallichii patchouli alcohol chemotype in mice: Behavioural and biochemical evidence. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 135(1): 197-200.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.02.018] [PMID: 21354297]
[20]
Mulliken T, Crofton P. Review of the status, harvest, trade and management of seven Asian CITES-listed medicinal and aromatic plant species. Federal Agency for Natural 2008.
[21]
Sánchez M, Burgos EG, Iglesias I, Pilar Gómez-Serranillos M. Updating the biological interest of Valeriana officinalis. Mediterr Bot 2021; 42: e70280.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/mbot.70280]
[22]
Alfaro-Romero A, Balderas-López JL, Tavares-Carvalho JC, Navarrete A. Valeiridoside, an iridoid xyloside from Valeriana procera with anxiogenic effect in mice. Rev Bras Farmacogn 2021; 31(1): 85-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43450-021-00140-x]
[23]
Ascate-Pasos ME, Ganozayupanqui ML, Suárez-Rebaza LA, Bussmann RW. Valeriana pilosa ruiz & pav.: A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Ethnobot Res Appl 2020; 20: 1-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.32859/era.20.19.1-15]
[24]
Hölzl J. The pharmacology and therapeutics of valeriana. In: Houghton PJ, Ed. Valerian: The Genus Valeriana. London, UK: Routledge 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203734483-3]
[25]
Khuda F, Iqbal Z, Khan A, Nasir F, Shah Y. Anti-inflammatory activity of the topical preparation of Valeriana wallichii and Achyranthes aspera leaves. Pak J Pharm Sci 2013; 26(3): 451-4.
[26]
Xu J, Guo Y, Jin DQ, et al. Three new iridoids from the roots of Valeriana jatamansi. J Nat Med 2012; 66(4): 653-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11418-012-0631-5] [PMID: 22331424]
[27]
Sundaresan N, Ilango K. Review on Valeriana species-Valeriana wallichii and Valeriana jatamansi. J Pharm Sci Res 2018; 10(11): 2697-701.
[28]
Kurmukov AG. Phytochemistry of medicinal plants. In: Eisenman SW, Zaurov DE, Struwe L, Eds. Medicinal Plants of Central Asia: Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. New York, NY: Springer 2013; pp. 13-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3912-7_4]
[29]
Devi VS, Rao MG, Maheswari MU. Preliminary phytochemical screening of various extracts of Valeriana wallichii root. Sky J Biochem Res 2014; 3(9): 80-5.
[30]
Wadood A, Ghufran M, Jamal SB, et al. Phytochemical analysis of medicinal plants occurring in local area of Mardan. Biochem Anal Biochem 2013; 2(4): 1-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000144]
[31]
Mathela CS, Tiwari M, Sammal SS, Chanotiya CS. Valeriana wallichii DC, a new chemotype from northwestern himalaya. J Essent Oil Res 2005; 17(6): 672-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2005.9699029]
[32]
Parveen Z, Siddique S, Shafique M, Khan SJ, Khanum R. Study of chemical and biological aspects of Valeriana wallichii DC. Root essential oil. Asian J Chem 2012; 24(7): 3243-6.
[33]
Sacchetti G, Maietti S, Muzzoli M, et al. Comparative evaluation of 11 essential oils of different origin as functional antioxidants, antiradicals and antimicrobials in foods. Food Chem 2005; 91(4): 621-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.06.031]
[34]
Lin S, Zhang ZX, Chen T, et al. Characterization of chlorinated valepotriates from Valeriana jatamansi. Phytochemistry 2013; 85: 185-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.08.015] [PMID: 23036722]
[35]
Marder M, Viola H, Wasowski C, Fernández S, Medina JH, Paladini AC. 6-methylapigenin and hesperidin: New Valeriana flavonoids with activity on the CNS. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003; 75(3): 537-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0091-3057(03)00121-7] [PMID: 12895671]
[36]
Wills RBH, Bone K, Morgan M. Herbal products: Active constituents, modes of action and quality control. Nutr Res Rev 2000; 13(1): 47-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/095442200108729007] [PMID: 19087433]
[37]
Cropley M, Cave Z, Ellis J, Middleton RW. Effect of kava and valerian on human physiological and psychological responses to mental stress assessed under laboratory conditions. Phyther Res 2002; 16(1): 23-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1002]
[38]
Wang R, Xiao D, Bian YH, et al. Minor iridoids from the roots of Valeriana wallichii. J Nat Prod 2008; 71(7): 1254-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np070598p] [PMID: 18557641]
[39]
Joseph L, Puthallath RE, Rao SN. Acute and chronic toxicity study of Valeriana wallichii rhizome hydro-ethanolic extract in Swiss albino mice. Asian J Med Sci 2015; 7(2): 49-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v7i2.13326]
[40]
Liu XC, Zhou L, Liu ZL. Identification of insecticidal constituents from the essential oil of Valeriana jatamansi Jones against Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel. J Chem 2013; 2013: 1-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/853912]
[41]
Sen-Utsukarci B, Kessler SM, Akbal-Dagistan O, et al. Chemical composition and biological activities of Valeriana dioscoridis SM. Roots. S Afr J Bot 2021; 141: 306-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2021.05.007]
[42]
Zhang N-N, Ding G-Z. Development and research advances of iridoids from Valeriana jatamansi and their bioactivity. Zhongguo Zhongyao zazhi 2015; 40(10): 1893-7.
[43]
Chen HW, Wei BJ, He XH, Liu Y, Wang J. Chemical components and cardiovascular activities of Valeriana spp. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015; 2015: 947619.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/947619] [PMID: 26788113]
[44]
Cos P, Vlietinck AJ, Berghe DV, Maes L. Anti-infective potential of natural products: How to develop a stronger in vitro ‘proof-of-concept’. J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 106(3): 290-302.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.04.003] [PMID: 16698208]
[45]
Sasidharan S, Chen Y, Saravanan D, Sundram KM, Yoga Latha L. Extraction, isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from plants’ extracts. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2011; 8(1): 1-10.
[PMID: 22238476]
[46]
Dhiman B, Sharma P. Shivani, Pal PK. Biology, chemical diversity, agronomy, conservation and industrial importance of Valeriana jatamansi: A natural sedative. J Appl Res Med Aromat Plants 2020; 16: 100243.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2020.100243]
[47]
Fernández S, Wasowski C, Paladini AC, Marder M. Sedative and sleep-enhancing properties of linarin, a flavonoid-isolated from Valeriana officinalis. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2004; 77(2): 399-404.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2003.12.003] [PMID: 14751470]
[48]
Hattesohl M, Feistel B, Sievers H, Lehnfeld R, Hegger M, Winterhoff H. Extracts of Valeriana officinalis L. s.l. show anxiolytic and antidepressant effects but neither sedative nor myorelaxant properties. Phytomedicine 2008; 15(1-2): 2-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2007.11.027] [PMID: 18160026]
[49]
Sah SP, Mathela CS, Chopra K. Involvement of nitric oxide (NO) signalling pathway in the antidepressant activity of essential oil of Valeriana wallichii Patchouli alcohol chemotype. Phytomedicine 2011; 18(14): 1269-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2011.06.009] [PMID: 21795033]
[50]
Jugran AK, Rawat S, Bhatt ID, Rawal RS. Valeriana jatamansi: An herbaceous plant with multiple medicinal uses. Phytother Res 2019; 33(3): 482-503.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6245] [PMID: 30663144]
[51]
Patocka J, Jakl J. Biomedically relevant chemical constituents of Valeriana officinalis. J Appl Biomed 2010; 8(1): 11-8.
[52]
Maurya AK, Sharma A, Kumar K, et al. Comparative studies of essential oils composition and cytotoxic activity of Valeriana jatamansi Jones. J Essent Oil Res 2021; 33(6): 584-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2021.1966846]
[53]
Wang Y, Shi DQ, Jiang N, et al. A new acylated iridoid and other chemical constituents from Valeriana jatamansi and their biological activities. Nat Prod Res 2021; 1-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2021.1961255] [PMID: 34343061]
[54]
Wang H, Song Z, Xing H, et al. Nitric oxide inhibitory iridoids as potential anti-inflammatory agents from Valeriana jatamansi. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101: 103974.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103974] [PMID: 32512268]
[55]
Eftekhari Z. Antimicrobial properties of medicinal plants; The new therapeutic aspect of Valeriana officinalis. Plant Biotechnol Persa 2020; 2(1): 59-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/pbp.2.1.59]
[56]
Rondón M, Velasco J, Rojas J, Gámez L, León G, Entralgo E, et al. Antimicrobial activity of four Valeriana (Caprifoliaceae) species endemic to the Venezuelan Andes. Rev Biol Trop 2018; 66(3): 1282-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i3.30699]
[57]
Syed S. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extract of Valeriana wallichii in CCl4 treated rats. Br J Pharm Res 2014; 4(8): 1004-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2014/7378]
[58]
Gilani AH, Mandukhail SUR, Iqbal J, et al. Antispasmodic and vasodilator activities of Morinda citrifolia root extract are mediated through blockade of voltage dependent calcium channels. BMC Complement Altern Med 2010; 10(1): 2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-10-2] [PMID: 20070879]
[59]
Sudati JH, Fachinetto R, Pereira RP, et al. In vitro antioxidant activity of Valeriana officinalis against different neurotoxic agents. Neurochem Res 2009; 34(8): 1372-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-009-9917-8] [PMID: 19191025]
[60]
Ota M, Ni H, Maki Y, et al. Binding activity of Valeriana fauriei root extract on GABAA receptor flunitrazepam sites and distribution of its active ingredients in the brain of mice - A comparison with that of V. officinalis root. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 278: 114262.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114262] [PMID: 34116188]
[61]
Sahu S, Ray K, Yogendra Kumar MS, et al. Valeriana wallichii root extract improves sleep quality and modulates brain monoamine level in rats. Phytomedicine 2012; 19(10): 924-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2012.05.005] [PMID: 22766307]
[62]
Al-Attraqchi OHA, Deb PK, Al-Attraqchi NHA. Review of the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Valeriana officinalis. Curr Tradit Med 2020; 6(4): 260-77.
[63]
Glaser J, Schultheis M, Moll H, Hazra B, Holzgrabe U. Antileishmanial and cytotoxic compounds from Valeriana wallichii and identification of a novel nepetolactone derivative. Molecules 2015; 20(4): 5740-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules20045740] [PMID: 25834987]
[64]
Masic A, Valencia Hernandez AM, Hazra S, et al. Cinnamic acid bornyl ester derivatives from Valeriana wallichii exhibit antileishmanial in vivo activity in Leishmania major-infected BALB/c Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10(11): e0142386.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142386] [PMID: 26554591]
[65]
Xu J, Yang B, Guo Y, et al. Neuroprotective bakkenolides from the roots of Valeriana jatamansi. Fitoterapia 2011; 82(6): 849-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2011.04.012] [PMID: 21596109]
[66]
Tan YZ, Yong Y, Dong YH, et al. A new secoiridoid glycoside and a new sesquiterpenoid glycoside from Valeriana jatamansi with neuroprotective activity. Phytochem Lett 2016; 17: 177-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2016.07.020]
[67]
Khan AU, Gilani AH. Antidiarrhoeal and bronchodilatory potential of Valeriana wallichii. Nat Prod Res 2012; 26(11): 1045-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2010.551754] [PMID: 22010976]
[68]
Orhan IE. A review focused on molecular mechanisms of anxiolytic effect of Valerina officinalis L. in connection with its phytochemistry through in vitro/in vivo studies. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27(28): 3084-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612827666210119105254] [PMID: 33463459]
[69]
Wang SN, Yao ZW, Zhao CB, et al. Discovery and proteomics analysis of effective compounds in Valeriana jatamansi jones for the treatment of anxiety. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 265: 113452.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113452] [PMID: 33069789]
[70]
Mehvish S, Barkat MQ. Phytochemical and antioxidant screening of Amomum subulatum, Elettaria cardamomum, Emblica officinalis, Rosa damascene, Santalum album and Valeriana officinalis and their effect on stomach, liver and heart. Matrix Sci Medica 2018; 2(2): 28-33.
[71]
Benke D, Barberis A, Kopp S, et al. GABA A receptors as in vivo substrate for the anxiolytic action of valerenic acid, a major constituent of Valerian root extracts. Neuropharmacology 2009; 56(1): 174-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.06.013] [PMID: 18602406]
[72]
Bruni O, Ferini-Strambi L, Giacomoni E, Pellegrino P. Herbal remedies and their possible effect on the gabaergic system and sleep. Nutrients 2021; 13(2): 530.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020530] [PMID: 33561990]
[73]
Wasowski C, Marder M, Viola H, Medina JH, Paladini AC. Isolation and identification of 6-methylapigenin, a competitive ligand for the brain GABA(A) receptors, from Valeriana wallichii. Planta Med 2002; 68(10): 934-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-34936] [PMID: 12391561]
[74]
Gilani AH, Khan AU, Jabeen Q, Subhan F, Ghafar R. Antispasmodic and blood pressure lowering effects of Valeriana wallichii are mediated through K+ channel activation. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 100(3): 347-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.010] [PMID: 16002246]
[75]
Sah SP, Mathela CS, Chopra K. Elucidation of possible mechanism of analgesic action of Valeriana wallichii DC chemotype (patchouli alcohol) in experimental animal models. Indian J Exp Biol 2010; 48(3): 289-93.
[PMID: 21046983]
[76]
Of E, Wallichii V, Rhizome DC. Anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Valeriana wallichii rhizome. Analysis 2007; 13(2): 103-8.
[77]
Phytochemical Aspects of Indian Valerian. “Tagara” (Valeriana wallichii) from Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya. In: Univ J Phytochem Ayurvedic Height. 2020.
[78]
Sharma N, Bahuguna V, Rawat R, Lalremruati F, Singh A. Complete plant regeneration of Valeriana wallichii DC. On auxin enriched medium and phytochemical analysis. Plant Sci Today 2020; 7(4): 542-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2020.7.4.837]
[79]
Moy TI, Ball AR, Anklesaria Z, Casadei G, Lewis K, Ausubel FM. Identification of novel antimicrobials using a live-animal infection model. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103(27): 10414-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604055103] [PMID: 16801562]
[80]
Letchamo W, Ward W, Heard B, Heard D. Essential oil of Valeriana officinalis L. cultivars and their antimicrobial activity as influenced by harvesting time under commercial organic cultivation. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52(12): 3915-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0353990] [PMID: 15186117]
[81]
Sati SC, Khulbe K. Antibacterial evaluation of the Himalayan medicinal plant Valeriana wallichii DC. (Valerianaceae). Res J Microbiol 2011; 6: 289-96.
[82]
Laxane SN, Swarnkar SK, Setty MM. Antioxidant studies on the ethanolic extract of Zornia gibbosa. Pharmacologyonline 2008; 1(1): 319-30.
[83]
Youdim KA, Damien Dorman HJ, Deans SG. The antioxidant effectiveness of thyme oil, α-tocopherol and ascorbyl palmitate on evening primrose oil oxidation. J Essent Oil Res 1999; 11(5): 643-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1999.9701231]
[84]
Kalim MD, Dutta D, Das P, Chattopadhyay S. Evaluation of phytochemicals interrelated to antioxidant potential of Unani plants. Int J Pharma Bio Sci 2015; 6(3): 330-42.
[85]
Zhang L, Wang L, Huang L, et al. Antidepressant effects of total iridoids of Valeriana jatamansi via the intestinal flora-blood-brain barrier pathway. Pharm Biol 2021; 59(1): 912-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2021.1944222] [PMID: 34236293]
[86]
Yang S, Chen F, Ma H, Wang T. Protection of Valeriana officinalis L. extract preconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat hearts in vitro. Wuhan Daxue Xuebao Yixue Ban 2012; 33(5): 639-43.
[87]
Liu X, Duan X, Fan H, et al. 8-Hydroxypinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucoside from Valeriana officinalis L. Is a Novel Kv1.5 channel blocker. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 279: 114442.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114442]
[88]
Bhokare DSD, Jadhav DSK. Conceptual study of anti-toxic action of tagaradi agada on poisonous insects bite: A short review. Int J Res -Granthaalayah 2020; 8(4): 99-103.
[89]
Pakseresht S, Boostani H, Sayyah M. Extract of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis L.) vs. placebo in treatment of obsessivecompulsive disorder: A randomized double-blind study. J Complement Integr Med 2011; 8(1): 1553-3840. 1465/1553-3840.14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1553-3840.1465] [PMID: 22718671]
[90]
Tzakou O, Couladis M, Pavlovic M, Agarwal PC. Composition and antifungal activity of the oil from aerial parts and rhizomes of Valeriana dioscoridis from Greece. J Essent Oil Res 2004; 16(5): 500-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2004.9698781]
[91]
Berridge CW. Noradrenergic modulation of arousal. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2008; 58(1): 1-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.10.013] [PMID: 18199483]
[92]
Mitchell HA, Weinshenker D. Good night and good luck: Norepinephrine in sleep pharmacology. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 79(6): 801-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2009.10.004] [PMID: 19833104]
[93]
Leu-Semenescu S, Arnulf I, Decaix C, et al. Sleep and rhythm consequences of a genetically induced loss of serotonin. Sleep 2010; 33(3): 307-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/33.3.307] [PMID: 20337188]
[94]
Monti B, Polazzi E, Contestabile A. Biochemical, molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of valproic acid neuroprotection. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2009; 2(1): 95-109.
[PMID: 20021450]
[95]
Roth T. Insomnia: Definition, prevalence, etiology, and consequences. J Clin Sleep Med 2007; 3(5) (Suppl.): S7-S10.
[PMID: 17824495]
[96]
Riemann D, Voderholzer U. Primary insomnia: A risk factor to develop depression? J Affect Disord 2003; 76(1-3): 255-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00072-1] [PMID: 12943956]
[97]
Toolika E, Bhat NP, Shetty SK. A comparative clinical study on the effect of Tagara (Valeriana wallichii DC.) and Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi DC.) in the management of Anidra (primary insomnia). Ayu 2015; 36(1): 46-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-8520.169008] [PMID: 26730138]
[98]
Estrada-Soto S, Rivera-Leyva J, Ramírez-Espinosa JJ, Castillo-España P, Aguirre-Crespo F, Hernández-Abreu O. Vasorelaxant effect of Valeriana edulis ssp. procera (Valerianaceae) and its mode of action as calcium channel blocker. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62(9): 1167-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01146.x] [PMID: 20796196]
[99]
Hypertension and herbal plants. Int Res J Pharm (Cairo) 2011.
[100]
Anchala R, Kannuri NK, Pant H, et al. Hypertension in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension. J Hypertens 2014; 32(6): 1170-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000000146] [PMID: 24621804]
[101]
Ahmed A, Saqlain M, Tanveer M, et al. Prescribing patterns of antihypertensive drugs in patients attending Tertiary Care Hospitals in Pakistan. SN Compr Clin Med 2021; 3(1): 176-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00696-0]
[102]
Sukmee T, Siripattanapipong S, Mungthin M, et al. A suspected new species of Leishmania, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in a Thai patient. Int J Parasitol 2008; 38(6): 617-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.12.003] [PMID: 18262531]
[103]
Hotez PJ, Pecoul B. “Manifesto” for advancing the control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2010; 4(5): e718.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000718] [PMID: 20520793]
[104]
Rosenzweig-Lipson S, Beyer CE, Hughes ZA, et al. Differentiating antidepressants of the future: Efficacy and safety. Pharmacol Ther 2007; 113(1): 134-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.07.002] [PMID: 17010443]
[105]
Brambilla P, Perez J, Barale F, Schettini G, Soares JC. GABAergic dysfunction in mood disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2003; 8(8): 721-737, 715.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001362] [PMID: 12888801]
[106]
Sridharan S, Mohankumar K, Jeepipalli SPK, et al. Neuroprotective effect of Valeriana wallichii rhizome extract against the neurotoxin MPTP in C57BL/6 mice. Neurotoxicology 2015; 51: 172-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2015.10.012] [PMID: 26522450]
[107]
Gilani AH, Bashir S, Memon R. Antispasmodic and antidiarrheal activities of valeriana hardwickii wall. Rhizome are putatively mediated through calcium channel blockade. Evid Based Complement Alter Med 2011; 2011: 304960.
[108]
Katzung BG, Masters SB, Trevor AJ. New York: McGraw Hill 2012.
[109]
Andreatini R, Sartori VA, Seabra MLV, Leite JR. Effect of valepotriates (valerian extract) in generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. Phyther Res 2002; 16(7): 650-4.
[110]
Kang W, Wilson SP, Wilson MA. Overexpression of proenkephalin in the amygdala potentiates the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines. Neuropsychopharmacology 2000; 22(1): 77-88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0893-133X(99)00090-1] [PMID: 10633493]
[111]
Ekor M. The growing use of herbal medicines: Issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Front Pharmacol 2014; 4: 177.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2013.00177] [PMID: 24454289]
[112]
Khare CP. Indian Medicinal Plants, An Illustrated Dictionary. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag 2007.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70638-2]
[113]
Becker A, Felgentreff F, Schröder H, Meier B, Brattström A. The anxiolytic effects of a Valerian extract is based on valerenic acid. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014; 14(1): 267.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-267] [PMID: 25066015]
[114]
Limon A, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Miledi R. Loss of functional GABA(A) receptors in the Alzheimer diseased brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012; 109(25): 10071-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1204606109] [PMID: 22691495]
[115]
Carrasco MC, Vallejo JR, Pardo-de-Santayana M, Peral D, Martín MÁ, Altimiras J. Interactions of Valeriana officinalis L. and Passiflora incarnata L. in a patient treated with lorazepam. Phyther Res 2009; 23(12): 1795-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2847]
[116]
Khom S, Strommer B, Ramharter J, et al. Valerenic acid derivatives as novel subunit-selective GABAA receptor ligands - in vitro and in vivo characterization. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 161(1): 65-78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00865.x] [PMID: 20718740]
[117]
Fredholm BB, Arslan G, Halldner L, Kull B, Schulte G, Wasserman W. Structure and function of adenosine receptors and their genes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2000; 362(4-5): 364-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002100000313] [PMID: 11111830]
[118]
Müller CE, Schumacher B, Brattström A, Abourashed EA, Koetter U. Interactions of valerian extracts and a fixed valerian-hop extract combination with adenosine receptors. Life Sci 2002; 71(16): 1939-49.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)01964-1] [PMID: 12175708]
[119]
Schumacher B, Scholle S, Hölzl J, Khudeir N, Hess S, Müller CE. Lignans isolated from valerian: Identification and characterization of a new olivil derivative with partial agonistic activity at A(1) adenosine receptors. J Nat Prod 2002; 65(10): 1479-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np010464q] [PMID: 12398547]
[120]
Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin 2015; 65(2): 87-108.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/caac.21262] [PMID: 25651787]
[121]
Singh NK, Yadav AK, Sirohi P, et al. Anticancer activity of herbal medicine: Mechanism of action. In: Akhtar M, Swamy M, Eds. Anticancer Plants: Mechanisms and Molecular Interactions. Singapore: Springer 2018; pp. 165-96.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8417-1_7]
[122]
Zhang FF, Cudhea F, Shan Z, et al. Preventable cancer burden associated with poor diet in the United States. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2019; 3(2): pkz034.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jncics/pkz034] [PMID: 31360907]
[123]
DeSantis CE, Miller KD, Dale W, et al. Cancer statistics for adults aged 85 years and older, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin 2019; 69(6): 452-67.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/caac.21577] [PMID: 31390062]
[124]
Siew YY, Yew HC, Neo SY, et al. Evaluation of anti-proliferative activity of medicinal plants used in Asian Traditional Medicine to treat cancer. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 235: 75-87.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.040] [PMID: 30599223]
[125]
Tian S, Wang Z, Wu Z, Wei Y, Yang B, Lou S. Valtrate from Valeriana jatamansi Jones induces apoptosis and inhibits migration of human breast cancer cells in vitro. Nat Prod Res 2020; 34(18): 2660-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1548454] [PMID: 30638055]
[126]
Bhanot A, Sharma R, Noolvi MN. Natural sources as potential anti-cancer agents: A review. Int J Phytomed 2011; 3(1): 9-26.
[127]
Dorai T, Aggarwal BB. Role of chemopreventive agents in cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2004; 215(2): 129-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2004.07.013] [PMID: 15488631]
[128]
Srivastava DS, Vellend M. Biodiversity-ecosystem function research: Is it relevant to conservation? Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 2005; 36(1): 267-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.102003.152636]
[129]
Niles AL, Moravec RA, Riss TL. Update on in vitro cytotoxicity assays for drug development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2008; 3(6): 655-69.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17460441.3.6.655] [PMID: 23506147]
[130]
Horváth S. Cytotoxicity of drugs and diverse chemical agents to cell cultures. Toxicology 1980; 16(1): 59-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(80)90110-9] [PMID: 6996218]
[131]
McGaw LJ, Elgorashi EE, Eloff JN. Cytotoxicity of African medicinal plants against normal animal and human cells. In: Kuete V, Ed. Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal Plants. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier 2014; pp. 181-233.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800018-2.00008-X]
[132]
Jain V, Dutta R, Maheshwari DT, Meena DK, Misra K, Sadashiva Yogendra Kumar M. Valeriana wallichii extract inhibits tert-BOOH induced oxidative damage and cytotoxicity. In: Front Biosci - Elit. 2018.
[133]
Keochanthala-Bounthanh C, Haag-Berrurier M, Beck JP, Anton R. Effects of thiol compounds versus the cytotoxicity of valepotriates on cultured hepatoma cells. Planta Med 1990; 56(2): 190-2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-960923] [PMID: 2353067]
[134]
Katoch O, Kaushik S, Kumar MS, Agrawala PK, Misra K. Radioprotective property of an aqueous extract from Valeriana wallichii. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2012; 4(4): 327-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.103272] [PMID: 23248568]
[135]
Lin S, Fu P, Chen T, et al. Minor valepotriates from Valeriana jatamansi and their cytotoxicity against metastatic prostate cancer cells. Planta Med 2015; 81(1): 56-61.
[PMID: 25469856]
[136]
Aydin F, Yurdakok Dikmen B, Kismali G. The potential cytotoxic effects of Valeriana officinalis extract on prostate cancer cell lines DU-145 and PC-3. Toxicol Lett 2016; 258: S299.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.2037]
[137]
Li X, Chen T, Lin S, et al. Valeriana jatamansi constituent IVHD-valtrate as a novel therapeutic agent to human ovarian cancer: In vitro and in vivo activities and mechanisms. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2013; 13(4): 472-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568009611313040009] [PMID: 23597199]
[138]
Martinho A, Silva SM, Rosado T, et al. Valeriana spp.: Biological activities and new in vitro and in vivo perspectives. Curr Bioact Compd 2020; 16(3): 210-42.
[139]
Tortarolo M, Braun R, Hübner GE, Maurer HR. In vitro effects of epoxide-bearing alepotriates on mouse early hematopoietic progenitor cells and human T-lymphocytes. Arch Toxicol 1982; 51(1): 37-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279319]
[140]
Hayes AW, Kruger CL. Acute toxicity and eye irritancy. In: Hayes AW, Kruger CL, Eds. Hayes’ Principles and Methods of Toxicology. London: CRC Press 2014; pp. 1117-72.
[141]
Barile FA. Validating and troubleshooting ocular in vitro toxicology tests. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2010; 61(2): 136-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vascn.2010.01.001] [PMID: 20096797]
[142]
Freshney RI. Culture of Animal Cells: A Manual of Basic Technique and Specialized Applications. (6th ed.), Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley Online Library 2000.
[143]
Braca A, Sortino C, Politi M, Morelli I, Mendez J. Antioxidant activity of flavonoids from Licania licaniaeflora. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 79(3): 379-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00413-5] [PMID: 11849846]
[144]
Yang HL, Chen CS, Chang WH, et al. Growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells by Antrodia camphorata. Cancer Lett 2006; 231(2): 215-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2005.02.004] [PMID: 16399223]
[145]
HemaIswarya S. Doble M. Potential synergism of natural products in the treatment of cancer. Phytother Res 2006; 20(4): 239-49.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1841] [PMID: 16557604]
[146]
de Araújo Júnior RF, de Souza TP, Pires JGL, et al. A dry extract of Phyllanthus niruri protects normal cells and induces apoptosis in human liver carcinoma cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237(11): 1281-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ebm.2012.012130] [PMID: 23239439]
[147]
Taraphdar AK, Roy M, Bhattacharya RK. Natural products as inducers of apoptosis: Implication for cancer therapy and prevention. Curr Sci 2001; 80(11): 1387-96.
[148]
Moradpour D, Penin F, Rice CM. Replication of hepatitis C virus. Nat Rev Microbiol 2007; 5(6): 453-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1645] [PMID: 17487147]
[149]
Guha C, Lee SW, Chowdhury NR, Chowdhury JR. Cell culture models and animal models of viral hepatitis. Part II: Hepatitis C. Lab Anim 2005; 34: 39-47.
[150]
Munir S, Saleem S, Idrees M, et al. Hepatitis C treatment: Current and future perspectives. Virol J 2010; 7(1): 296.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-7-296] [PMID: 21040548]
[151]
Thomas DL. Global control of hepatitis C: Where challenge meets opportunity. Nat Med 2013; 19(7): 850-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.3184] [PMID: 23836235]
[152]
Raimondi S, Bruno S, Mondelli MU, Maisonneuve P. Hepatitis C virus genotype 1b as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma development: A meta-analysis. J Hepatol 2009; 50(6): 1142-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2009.01.019] [PMID: 19395111]
[153]
Pawlotsky JM. New hepatitis C virus (HCV) drugs and the hope for a cure: Concepts in anti-HCV drug development. Semin Liver Dis 2014; 34(1): 22-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1371007] [PMID: 24782255]
[154]
Manns MP, von Hahn T. Novel therapies for hepatitis C - one pill fits all? Nat Rev Drug Discov 2013; 12(8): 595-610.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd4050] [PMID: 23807378]
[155]
Yang PL, Gao M, Lin K, Liu Q, Villareal VA. Anti-HCV drugs in the pipeline. Curr Opin Virol 2011; 1(6): 607-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2011.10.019] [PMID: 22440918]
[156]
Jardim ACG, Shimizu JF, Rahal P, Harris M. Plant-derived antivirals against hepatitis c virus infection. Virol J 2018; 15(1): 34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12985-018-0945-3] [PMID: 29439720]
[157]
Ganta KK, Mandal A, Debnath S, Hazra B, Chaubey B. Anti-HCV activity from semi-purified methanolic root extracts of Valeriana wallichii. Phyther Res 2017; 31(3): 433-40.
[158]
Kitamura M. The unfolded protein response triggered by environmental factors. Semin Immunopathol 2013; 35(3): 259-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00281-013-0371-y] [PMID: 23553212]
[159]
Bernales S, McDonald KL, Walter P. Autophagy counterbalances endoplasmic reticulum expansion during the unfolded protein response. PLoS Biol 2006; 4(12): e423.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040423] [PMID: 17132049]
[160]
Corazzari M, Gagliardi M, Fimia GM, Piacentini M. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, unfolded protein response, and cancer cell fate. Front Oncol 2017; 7: 78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2017.00078] [PMID: 28491820]
[161]
Hetz C. The unfolded protein response: Controlling cell fate decisions under ER stress and beyond. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2012; 13(2): 89-102.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm3270] [PMID: 22251901]
[162]
Huang CF, Liu SH, Su CC, et al. Roles of ERK/Akt signals in mitochondria-dependent and endoplasmic reticulum stress-triggered neuronal cell apoptosis induced by 4-methyl-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-ene, a major active metabolite of bisphenol A. Toxicology 2021; 455: 152764.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2021.152764] [PMID: 33771661]
[163]
Xu F, He B, Xiao F, et al. Neuroprotective effects of spinosin on recovery of learning and memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27(1): 71-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2018.051] [PMID: 29925225]
[164]
Bull VH, Thiede B. Proteome analysis of tunicamycin-induced ER stress. Electrophoresis 2012; 33(12): 1814-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.201100565] [PMID: 22740470]
[165]
Xu J, Guo Y, Xie C, Jin DQ, Gao J, Gui L. Isolation and neuroprotective activities of acylated iridoids from Valeriana jatamansi. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9(7): 1382-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201100238] [PMID: 22782884]
[166]
Chakraborty S, Mukherjee D, Baskey S. Paradigm of demographic stochasticity-Way to extinction of Valeriana jatamansi Jones, a valuable Medicinal plant in North Eastern Himalayan Region. Ecol Environ Conserv 2015; 21(1): 521-8.
[167]
Kumari S, Krishna MJ, Joshi AB, et al. A pharmacognostic, phytochemical and pharmacological review of Terminalia bellerica. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2017; 6(5): 368-76.
[168]
Boyadzhiev L, Kancheva D, Gourdon C, Metcheva D. Extraction of valerenic acids from valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) rhizomes. Pharmazie 2004; 59(9): 727-8.
[PMID: 15497760]
[169]
Wills RBH, Shohet D. Changes in valerenic acids content of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis L. s.l.) during long-term storage. Food Chem 2009; 115(1): 250-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.12.011]
[170]
Torkamani MRD, Jafari M, Abbaspour N, Heidary R, Safaie N. Enhanced production of valerenic acid in hairy root culture of Valeriana officinalis by elicitation. Cent Eur J Biol 2014; 9(9): 853-30.
[171]
Sonawane Akshay J, Shrikant T, Sherkar Mahesh R, Dhokane Sitaram T. Pharmacognostic account of roots of Valeriana wallichii DC. Int J Pharm Clin Res 2012; 4(4): 41-3.
[172]
Salimi A, Fatemi S, Nei Nei HZ, Safaralie A. Mathematical modeling of supercritical extraction of valerenic acid from Valeriana officinalis L. Chem Eng Technol 2008; 31(10): 1470-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200800228]
[173]
Hromádková Z, Ebringerová A. Valachovič P. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of water-soluble polysaccharides from the roots of valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.). Ultrason Sonochem 2002; 9(1): 37-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4177(01)00093-1] [PMID: 11602994]
[174]
Kobus Z. Dry matter extraction from valerian roots (Valeriana officinalis L.) with the help of pulsed acoustic field. Int Agrophys 2008; 22: 133-7.
[175]
Herrera-Arellano A, Luna-Villegas G, Cuevas-Uriostegui ML, et al. Polysomnographic evaluation of the hypnotic effect of Valeriana edulis standardized extract in patients suffering from insomnia. Planta Med 2001; 67(8): 695-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-18344] [PMID: 11731907]
[176]
Keochanthala‐Bounthanh C, Beck JP, Haag‐Berrurier M, Anton R. Effects of two monoterpene esters, valtrate and didrovaltrate, isolated from Valeriana wallichii, on the ultrastructure of hepatoma cells in culture. Phyther Res 1993; 7(2): 124-7.
[177]
Lin S, Fu P, Chen T, Ye J, Yang XW, Zhang WD. Three minor valepotriate isomers from Valeriana jatamansi and their cytotoxicity. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2017; 19(1): 15-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2016.1258065] [PMID: 27924641]
[178]
de Oliveria DM, Barreto G, De Andrade DVG, et al. Cytoprotective effect of Valeriana officinalis extract on an in vitro experimental model of Parkinson disease. Neurochem Res 2009; 34(2): 215-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-008-9749-y] [PMID: 18512151]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy