Abstract
Background: Pain is a complex physiological and psychological response to a noxious stimulus, sometimes deteriorating a patient’s quality of life. Opioids remain the mainstay treatment modality for chronic pain. Several concerns are raised regarding the long-term use of opioids and the risks associated with their usage. Findings advocate that the longstanding practice of opioid consumption manifests in adverse effects. Objective: Due to the physiological changes opioids instigate in the gastrointestinal tract, opioid-induced constipation remains a common complication pragmatic in patients undergoing opioid medications. Several therapeutic interventions are made available, and the review describes the overall medications with practical examples, aiding in selecting a treatment plan.
Methods: The method comprises data collection from various search engines like PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SciFinder to get coverage of relevant literature for accumulating appropriate information regarding pain management, opioids, opioid-induced constipation, and its pharmacological interventions.
Results: The thoughtful custom of exploring several options to manage opioid-induced constipation must allow patients to benefit from opioid analgesia.
Conclusion: This paper reviews the role of opioids in pain management, the underlying mechanisms of their action, opioid-induced constipation, and pharmacological therapies, with experimental studies aiding clinicians to optimise treatment plans.
Keywords: Pain, opioids, opioid-induced constipation, opioid receptors, opioid inhibitors, opioid antagonists
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