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Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry

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ISSN (Print): 1568-0266
ISSN (Online): 1873-4294

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Review Article

Xanthones: A Class of Heterocyclic Compounds with Anticancer Potential

Author(s): Somia Gul, Khadija Aslam, Quratulain Pirzada, Abdur Rauf*, Anees Ahmed Khalil, Prabhakar Semwal, Sami Bawazeer, Yahya Saleh Al-Awthan, Omar Salem Bahattab, Mohammed Ali Al Duais and Muthu Thiruvengadam*

Volume 22, Issue 23, 2022

Published on: 03 October, 2022

Page: [1930 - 1949] Pages: 20

DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220901145002

Price: $65

Abstract

Xanthones (9H xanthen-9-one) are an important class of heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen and a moiety of gamma-pirone, dense with a two-benzene ring structure, distributed widely in nature. Naturally occurring xanthones are found in micro-organisms and higher plants as secondary metabolites in fungi and lichens. Compounds of the family Caryophyllaceae, Guttiferae and Gentianaceae, are the most common natural source of xanthones. The structure of the xanthones nucleus, coupled with its biogenetic source, imposes that the carbons are numbered according to the biosynthetic pact. The characteristics oxygenation pattern of xanthones earlier is mixed shikimateacetate biogenesis. The major class of xanthones includes simple oxygenated, non-oxygenated, xanthonolignoids, bisxanthones, prenylated and related xanthones, miscellaneous xanthones. Their great pharmacological importance and interesting scaffolds were highly encouraged by scientists to investigate either the synthesis design or natural products for cancer treatment. Because currently used antitumor drugs possess high toxicity and low selectivity, efficacious treatment may be compromised. This review is limited to the antitumor activity of xanthones and the chemistry of xanthone core, which may help provide fundamental knowledge to the medicinal chemist for new and advanced research in drug development.

Keywords: Xanthone derivatives, cancer, pharmacophore, antitumor activity, bioactive compounds, biomedical uses.

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