Flavonoids by Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction from Herbal Formulation of
Zingiber officinale, Portulaca oleracea, and Tamarindus indica Improved
Type 2 Diabetes in C57BL6/J Mice

Rosa Martha      Pérez Gutiérrez

doi:10.2174/1573407218666220817100239

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is a problem of public health; in consequence, the increasing prevalence of both diseases needs more functional food products with efficiency and low cost to support treatment.

Methods: Flavonoids from the herbal formulation of Portulaca oleracea, Zingiber officinale, and Tamarindus indica were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction technology, where several experiments were conducted to determine the implication of three independent variables on the higher production of flavonoids. Extraction time, ethanol concentration, and the liquid-solid ratio were determined as optimal conditions. Furthermore, flavonoids of interest in the extract were determined by using HPLC with UV/vis and mass spectrum and direct comparison reference compounds. Then was determined and compared the effect of extracts from P. oleracea (P), Z. officinale (Z), T. indica (T), and its combination (PTZ) on high-fat-diet-induced diabetic C57BL6/J mice.

Results: The optimum conditions provided by the model include an extraction time of 30 min, an ethanol concentration of 50%, and a liquid/solid ratio of 40:1 mL/g, The anti-diabetic effect of an extract rich in polyphenolic compounds was evaluated using streptozotocin (STZ) and a high-fat diet-induced diabetic mouse. Effect of extracts on high-fat-diet-induced diabetic mice include decreased FER, improved insulin sensitivity, fasting blood glucose, and serum lipid, and showed reducing bodyweight gain associated with a reduction of food intake. Extracts have protective effects on kidneys, and liver improve lipolysis and successively decrease adipose tissue. Treatment with the polyherbal mixture has shown no toxic effects, possessed potent antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycemic effects, and decreased glycated hemoglobin. The serum insulin level significantly increased (p < 0.05) on the polyherbal extract treatment, supporting the evidence of β-cell reestablishment in the pancreas. By reducing body weight and food intake, plasma adiponectin level increased while serum leptin level significantly decreased compared with the HFD group. In addition, the activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation markers, and glycogen content were also improved in diabetic mice.

Conclusion: The combined form of P. oleracea, Z. officinale, and T. indica had better antidiabetic properties compared with a single therapy, especially related to their high content of phytochemicals in comparison with the bioactive content of a single plant. The results presented here indicated that the use of PTZ due to their synergistic effects can be helpful against diabetes, improving the factors associated with this disease.

Keywords: ultrasonic extraction, polyherbal formulation, diabetes, Portulaca oleracea, Zingiber officinale, Tamarindus indica

Graphical Abstract

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DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573407218666220817100239	Print ISSN 1573-4072
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Flavonoids by Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction from Herbal Formulation of Zingiber officinale, Portulaca oleracea, and Tamarindus indica Improved Type 2 Diabetes in C57BL6/J Mice

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