Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Drug Delivery Letters

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2210-3031
ISSN (Online): 2210-304X

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Isolation, Characterization of Banana Starch and its Evaluation as a Disintegrating Agent in Dispersible Lornoxicam Tablet

Author(s): Abhijeet V. Puri* and Vrushali N. Gokhale

Volume 12, Issue 4, 2022

Published on: 30 August, 2022

Page: [276 - 286] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/2210303112666220804102050

Price: $65

Abstract

Objective: The present study was designed to isolate, characterize, formulate, and evaluate the disintegration properties of banana starch in dispersible Lornoxicam tablet formulation.

Methods: The alkaline extraction method used sodium hydroxide as a lye solution to isolate starch from unripe banana fruit. Starch was subjected to characterization for physicochemical properties, viscosity and flow properties, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray crystallography (XRD) study. Flow properties of starch were determined as per the standard procedure. Tablets were formulated by a wet granulation method using starch as a disintegrant, and the in-vitro release characteristic of the prepared tablets was analyzed. Different concentrations of isolated starch were studied for disintegrating properties compared to corn starch.

Results: Studies indicate that starch obtained is qualitatively and quantitatively comparable to corn starch. SEM, FTIR, DSC and XRD data confirmed the polysaccharide nature of the starch. The physicochemical properties of starch passed the prescribed evaluation tests for tablets. These tablets also confirmed the disintegration and dissolution specifications as per Indian Pharmacopoeia.

Conclusion: From the above study, it can be concluded that starch obtained from banana shows qualitatively and quantitatively good disintegration characteristics compared to corn starch. These tablets also confirmed a significant degree of dissolution as per the standards. Evaluations also specified that banana starch possesses acceptable disintegrating characteristics compared to corn starch and can be used as a disintegrant in tablet formulation.

Keywords: Starch, dispersible, tablets, in-vitro dissolution, lornoxicam, NSAID.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Shirwaikar, A.; Shirwaikar, A.; Prabu, S.L.; Kumar, G.A. Herbal excipients in novel drug delivery systems. Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 2008, 70(4), 415-422.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.44587] [PMID: 20046764]
[2]
Singh, P.K.; Mahmood, T.; Shamim, A.; Bagga, P.; Ahmad, N. A review on herbal excipients and their pharmaceutical applications. Sch. Acad. J. Pharm., 2016, 5, 53-57.
[3]
2 - Starch and derivatives as pharmaceutical excipients: From nature to pharmacy.Mateescu, M.A.; Ispas-Szabo, P.; Assaad, E., Eds.;Controlled Drug Delivery; Woodhead Publishing, 2015, pp. 21-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-907568-45-9.00002-0]
[4]
Lafont-Mendoza, J.J.; Severiche-Sierra, C.A.; Jaimes-Morales, J. Evaluation of the starch quantification methods of Musa paradisiaca, Manihot esculenta, and Dioscorea trífida using factorial experiments. Int. J. Food Sci., 2018, 2018, 5901930.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5901930] [PMID: 30538999]
[5]
Builders, P.F.; Arhewoh, M.I. Pharmaceutical applications of native starch in conventional drug delivery. Stärke, 2016, 68(9-10), 864-873.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/star.201500337]
[6]
Kumar, S.; Gupta, S.K. Natural polymers, gums and mucilages as excipients in drug delivery. Polim. Med., 2012, 42(3-4), 191-197.
[PMID: 23457960]
[7]
Manek, R.V.; Builders, P.F.; Kolling, W.M.; Emeje, M.; Kunle, O.O. Physicochemical and binder properties of starch obtained from Cyperus esculentus. AAPS PharmSciTech, 2012, 13(2), 379-388.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-012-9761-z] [PMID: 22350737]
[8]
Okunlola, A.; Odeku, O.A. Evaluation of starches obtained from four Dioscorea species as binding agent in chloroquine phosphate tablet formulations. Saudi Pharm. J., 2011, 19(2), 95-105.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2011.01.002] [PMID: 23960747]
[9]
Kunle, O. Starch source and its impact on pharmaceutical applications., 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89811]
[10]
Adebayo, A.S.; Itiola, O.A. Evaluation of breadfruit and cocoyam starches as exodisintegrants in a paracetamol tablet formulation. Pharm. Pharmacol. Commun., 1998, 4, 385-389.
[11]
Altman, R.; Bosch, B.; Brune, K.; Patrignani, P.; Young, C. Advances in NSAID development: Evolution of diclofenac products using pharmaceutical technology. Drugs, 2015, 75(8), 859-877.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40265-015-0392-z] [PMID: 25963327]
[12]
Balfour, J.A.; Fitton, A.; Barradell, L.B. Lornoxicam. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic potential in the management of painful and inflammatory conditions. Drugs, 1996, 51(4), 639-657.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199651040-00008] [PMID: 8706598]
[13]
Ahmed, M.O.; Al-Badr, A.A. Lornoxicam. Profiles of drug substances, excipients and related methodology; Brittain, H.G., Ed.; Academic Press, 2011, Vol. 36, pp. 205-239.
[14]
Moutasim, M.Y.; ElMeshad, A.N.; El-Nabarawi, M.A. A pharmaceutical study on lornoxicam fast disintegrating tablets: Formulation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv. Transl. Res., 2017, 7(3), 450-459.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13346-017-0367-6] [PMID: 28283842]
[15]
Khadka, P.; Ro, J.; Kim, H.; Kim, I.; Kim, J.T.; Kim, H.; Cho, J.M.; Yun, G.; Lee, J. Pharmaceutical particle technologies: An approach to improve drug solubility, dissolution and bioavailability. Asian J. Pharm. Sci., 2014, 9(6), 304-316.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2014.05.005]
[16]
Pawar, S.; Barhate, S. Solubility enhancement (solid dispersions) novel boon to increase bioavailability. J. Drug Deliv. Ther., 2019, 9, 583-590.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i2.2437]
[17]
Vishal, M.; Kumar, A.; Naveen, P.; Kumud, P. Formulation and evaluation of orodispersible tablets of lornoxicam. Int. J. Drug Dev. Res., 2011, 3, 281-285.
[18]
Puri, A.V.; Gholap, A.D. In comparative evaluation of papaya and banana starch as disintegrant in diclofenac sodium tablet formulation. Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Sci., 2018, 8(3), 512-522.
[19]
Zhang, P.; Whistler, R.L. BeMiller, J. N.; Hamaker, B. R. Banana starch: Production, physicochemical properties, and digestibility-a review. Carbohydr. Polym., 2005, 59(4), 443-458.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.10.014]
[20]
Odeniyi, M.; Adetunji, R.N. Evaluation of bioadhesive properties of natural and modified banana starches. East Cent. Afr. J. Pharm. Sci., 2011, 14, 34-42.
[21]
Millan-Testa, C.E.; Mendez-Montealvo, M.G.; Ottenhof, M.A.; Farhat, I.A.; Bello-Pérez, L.A. Determination of the molecular and structural characteristics of okenia, mango, and banana starches. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53(3), 495-501.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf048862x] [PMID: 15686392]
[22]
Ordoñez, M.; Herrera, A. Morphologic and stability cassava starch matrices for encapsulating limonene by spray drying. Powder Technol., 2014, 253, 89-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2013.11.005]
[23]
Wattanachant, S.; Muhammad, K.; Hashim, D.; Abdul Rahman, R. Suitability of sago starch as a base for dual-modification. Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 2002, 24(3), 431-438.
[24]
Arunraj, R. In comparative evaluation of potato starch and banana powder as disintegrating agents in aceclofenac tablet formulation. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 2013, 2, 204-207.
[25]
Remya, K.; Beena, P.; Bijesh, P.; Sheeba, A. Formulation development, evaluation and comparative study of effects of super disintegrants in cefixime oral disintegrating tablets. J. Young Pharm., 2010, 2(3), 234-239.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-1483.66794] [PMID: 21042477]
[26]
Hoover, R.; Smith, C.; Zhou, Y.; Ratnayake, R.M.W.S. Physicochemical properties of Canadian oat starches. Carbohydr. Polym., 2003, 52(3), 253-261.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8617(02)00271-0]
[27]
Deepika, V.; Jayaram Kumar, K.; Anima, P. Isolation and physicochemical characterization of sustained releasing starches from Dioscorea of Jharkhand. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2013, 55, 193-200.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.11.027] [PMID: 23201777]
[28]
Riley, C.K.; Adebayo, S.A.; Wheatley, A.; Asemota, H.N. Surface properties of yam (Dioscorea sp.) starch powders and potential for use as binders and disintegrants in drug formulations. Powder Technol., 2008, 185, 280-285.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.10.028]
[29]
Hamza, Y.S.; Aburahma, M.H. Design and in vitro evaluation of novel sustained-release double-layer tablets of lornoxicam: Utility of cyclodextrin and xanthan gum combination. AAPS PharmSciTech, 2009, 10(4), 1357-1367.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-009-9336-9] [PMID: 19921543]
[30]
Anjali, K.; Manjul, S.P. A new approach to enhance the solubility of famotidine tablet by using naturally isolated pear starch. Recent Pat. Drug Deliv. Formul., 2018, 12(1), 75-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872211312666180105113037] [PMID: 29303081]
[31]
Babalola, O.C.; Odeku, O. Disintegrant properties of banana starch obtained from the unripe fruits of Musa sapientum L. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., 2014, 4, 83-88.
[32]
Basu, B.; Bagadiya, A.; Makwana, S.; Vipul, V.; Batt, D.; Dharamsi, A. Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving tablets of cinnarizine using superdisintegrant blends and subliming material. J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Res., 2011, 2(4), 266-273.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2231-4040.90885] [PMID: 22247895]
[33]
Ibrahim, M.; Mahrous, G.; Kassem, M.; Auda, S. Formulation and evaluation of orally disintegrating clopidogrel tablets. Braz. J. Pharm. Sci., 2016, 52, 309-318.
[34]
Shankarrao, K.A.; Mahadeo, G.D.; Balavantrao, K.P. Formulation and In-vitro evaluation of orally disintegrating tablets of olanzapine-2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. Iran. J. Pharm. Res., 2010, 9(4), 335-347.
[PMID: 24381598]
[35]
Alyami, H.S.; Ibrahim, M.A.; Alyami, M.H.; Dahmash, E.Z.; Almeanazel, O.T.; Algahtani, T.S.; Alanazi, F.; Alshora, D.H. Formulation of sublingual promethazine hydrochloride tablets for rapid relief of motion sickness. Saudi Pharm. J., 2021, 29(5), 478-486.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2021.04.011] [PMID: 34135674]
[36]
Puri, A.V.; Puranik, V.; Kamble, M.D.; Tauro, S.J. Formulation and evaluation of diclofenac sodium tablet using isolated starch from unripe papaya fruits as disintegrant. Indo Am. J. Pharma. Res., 2013, 3, 9183-9189.
[37]
Anjali, K.; Manjul, P.S. Isolation and evaluation of binding properties of cucumber starch. Drug Deliv. Lett., 2018, 8(1), 72-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210303107666170929114846]
[38]
Kumar, P.; Rajeevkumar, R.; Anbazhagan, S. Studies on carica papaya starch as a pharmaceutical excipient. J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2012, 4, 3134-3138.
[39]
Anjali, K. Cashew nut starch as natural excipient for improved bioavailability of drugs. Int. J. Pharma. Sci. Nanotechnol., 2019, 12(4)
[40]
Jackson, D.S. Starch | Structure, Properties, and determination. Encyclopedia of food sciences and nutrition, 2nd ed; Caballero, B., Ed.; Academic Press: Oxford, 2003, pp. 5561-5567.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-227055-X/01141-X]
[41]
Sahoo, S.; Chakraborti, C.; Behera, P.; Mishra, S. FTIR and raman spectroscopic investigations of a Norfloxacin/Carbopol934 polymeric suspension. J. Young Pharm., 2012, 4(3), 138-145.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-1483.100017] [PMID: 23112532]
[42]
Pelissari, F.M.; Andrade-Mahecha, M.M.; Sobral, P.J.A.; Menegalli, F.C. Isolation and characterization of the flour and starch of plantain bananas (Musa paradisiaca). Stärke, 2012, 64(5), 382-391.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/star.201100133]
[43]
Yu, H.; Cheng, L.; Yin, J.; Yan, S.; Liu, K.; Zhang, F.; Xu, B.; Li, L. Structure and physicochemical properties of starches in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) rhizome. Food Sci. Nutr., 2013, 1(4), 273-283.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.37] [PMID: 24804031]
[44]
Ahmed, M.G.; Acharya, A.; Baba, D.; Rao, D. Development and evaluation of ethosomal gel of lornoxicam for transdermal delivery: In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation. Manipal J. Pharm. Sci., 2016, 2(1), 3.
[45]
Usoltsev, D.; Sitnikova, V.; Kajava, A.; Uspenskaya, M. Systematic FTIR spectroscopy study of the secondary structure changes in human serum albumin under various denaturation conditions. Biomolecules, 2019, 9(8), 359.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9080359] [PMID: 31409012]
[46]
Pozo, C.; Rodríguez-Llamazares, S.; Bouza, R.; Barral, L.; Castaño, J.; Müller, N.; Restrepo, I. Study of the structural order of native starch granules using combined FTIR and XRD analysis. J. Polym. Res., 2018, 25(12), 266.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-018-1651-y]
[47]
Surendra Babu, A.; Mohan Naik, G.N.; James, J.; Aboobacker, A.B.; Eldhose, A.; Jagan Mohan, R. A comparative study on dual modification of banana (Musa paradisiaca) starch by microwave irradiation and cross-linking. J. Food Meas. Charact., 2018, 12(3), 2209-2217.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11694-018-9837-x]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
3
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy