Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Cosmetic Science

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2666-7797
ISSN (Online): 2666-7800

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

Nanoformulations Enabled Possible Solutions for the Management of Psoriasis

Author(s): Rishabh Gupta and Nimisha Srivastava*

Volume 1, Issue 2, 2022

Published on: 27 October, 2022

Article ID: e230622206307 Pages: 17

DOI: 10.2174/2666779701666220623085521

Price: $65

conference banner
Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with clinical skin manifestations that affect adults and children. It can significantly negatively impact the physical, emotional, and psychosocial well-being of affected patients. It has a strong genetic component, but environmental factors such as infections can play an important role in the presentation of the disease. Patients suffering from a severe phase of this disease may have greater chances of other diseases like cardiovascular diseases, nonmelanoma, and lymphoma. The present review majorly focuses on the hallmarks of different types of psoriasis, the evaluation of biomarkers to establish the severity and therapeutic response, and novel targeted therapies for managing psoriasis. Potential herbal extracts and bioactive for treating psoriasis are also highlighted here. A summary of pertinent, peer-reviewed English literature from databases like EBM, EMBASE and MEDLINE from 2010 to 2021 is used.

Keywords: Psoriasis, biomarker, targeted therapy, inflammatory disease.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Su, Y.H.; Fang, J.Y. Drug delivery and formulations for the topical treatment of psoriasis. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv., 2008, 5(2), 235-249.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17425247.5.2.235] [PMID: 18248321]
[2]
Parisi, R.; Griffiths, C.; Ashcroft, D. Systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of psoriasis: FC-11. Br. J. Dermatol., 2011, 165-166.
[3]
Ibrahim, G.; Waxman, R.; Helliwell, P.S. The prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in people with psoriasis. Arthritis Rheum., 2009, 61(10), 1373-1378.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.24608] [PMID: 19790120]
[4]
Kurd, S.K.; Troxel, A.B.; Crits-Christoph, P.; Gelfand, J.M. The risk of depression, anxiety, and suicidality in patients with psoriasis: A population-based cohort study. Arch. Dermatol., 2010, 146(8), 891-895.
[PMID: 20713823]
[5]
Tejashri, G.; Amrita, B.; Darshana, J. Cyclodextrin based nanosponges for pharmaceutical use: A review. Acta Parmaceutica., 2013, 63(3), 335-358.
[6]
Swaminathan, S.; Vavia, P.R.; Trotta, F.; Torne, S. Formulation of betacyclodextrin based nanosponges of itraconazole. J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem., 2007, 57(1-4), 89-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10847-006-9216-9]
[7]
Krueger, J.G.; Bowcock, A. Psoriasis pathophysiology: Current concepts of pathogenesis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2005, 64(Suppl. 2), ii30-ii36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2004.031120] [PMID: 15708932]
[8]
Keaney, T.C.; Kirsner, R.S. New insights into the mechanism of narrow-band UVB therapy for psoriasis. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2010, 130(11), 2534.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2010.287] [PMID: 20944634]
[9]
Pietrzak, A.T.; Zalewska, A.; Chodorowska, G.; Krasowska, D.; Michalak-Stoma, A.; Nockowski, P.; Osemlak, P.; Paszkowski, T.; Roliński, J.M. Cytokines and anticytokines in psoriasis. Clin. Chim. Acta, 2008, 394(1-2), 7-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2008.04.005] [PMID: 18445484]
[10]
Henderson, D. Psoriasis severity linked to uncontrolled hypertension; Medscape Medical News, 2014.
[11]
Takeshita, J.; Wang, S.; Shin, D.B.; Mehta, N.N.; Kimmel, S.E.; Margolis, D.J.; Troxel, A.B.; Gelfand, J.M. Effect of psoriasis severity on hypertension control: A population-based study in the United Kingdom. JAMA Dermatol., 2015, 151(2), 161-169.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.2094] [PMID: 25322196]
[12]
Keller, J.J.; Lin, H.C. The effects of chronic periodontitis and its treatment on the subsequent risk of psoriasis. Br. J. Dermatol., 2012, 167(6), 1338-1344.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11126.x] [PMID: 22755552]
[13]
Franz, T.J.; Parsell, D.A.; Halualani, R.M.; Hannigan, J.F.; Kalbach, J.P.; Harkonen, W.S. Betamethasone valerate foam 0.12%: A novel vehi-cle with enhanced delivery and efficacy. Int. J. Dermatol., 1999, 38(8), 628-632.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-4362.1999.00782.x] [PMID: 10487457]
[14]
Lomholt, G. Prevalence of skin diseases in a population; a census study from the Faroe Islands. Dan. Med. Bull., 1964, 11, 1-7.
[PMID: 14120983]
[15]
Green, A.C. Australian aborigines and psoriasis. Australas. J. Dermatol., 1984, 25(1), 18-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-0960.1984.tb00618.x] [PMID: 6466238]
[16]
Convit, J. Investigation of the incidence of psoriasis among Latin American Indians. Proceedings of the 13th Congress on Dermatology, Amsterdam1962, p. 196.
[17]
Okhandiar, R.P.; Banerjee, B.N. Psoriasis in the tropics: An epidemiological survey. J. Indian Med. Assoc., 1963, 41, 550-556.
[PMID: 14088912]
[18]
Bedi, T.R. Clinical profile of psoriasis in North India. Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol., 1995, 61(4), 202-205.
[PMID: 20952954]
[19]
Kaur, I.; Handa, S.; Kumar, B. Natural history of psoriasis: A study from the Indian subcontinent. J. Dermatol., 1997, 24(4), 230-234.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1346-8138.1997.tb02779.x] [PMID: 9164063]
[20]
Boehncke, W.H.; Schön, M.P. Psoriasis. Lancet, 2015, 386(9997), 983-994.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61909-7] [PMID: 26025581]
[21]
Stern, R.S.; Nijsten, T.; Feldman, S.R.; Margolis, D.J.; Rolstad, T. Psoriasis is common, carries a substantial burden even when not exten-sive, and is associated with widespread treatment dissatisfaction. J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proceed., 2004, 9, 136-139.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1087-0024.2003.09102.x]
[22]
Gelfand, J.M.; Gladman, D.D.; Mease, P.J.; Smith, N.; Margolis, D.J.; Nijsten, T.; Stern, R.S.; Feldman, S.R.; Rolstad, T. Epidemiology of psoriatic arthritis in the population of the United States. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 2005, 53(4), 573-e1.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2005.03.046] [PMID: 16198775]
[23]
Gelfand, J.M.; Feldman, S.R.; Stern, R.S.; Thomas, J.; Rolstad, T.; Margolis, D.J. Determinants of quality of life in patients with psoriasis: A study from the US population. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 2004, 51(5), 704-708.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2004.04.014] [PMID: 15523347]
[24]
Martin, B.A.; Chalmers, R.J.; Telfer, N.R. How great is the risk of further psoriasis following a single episode of acute guttate psoriasis? Arch. Dermatol., 1996, 132(6), 717-718.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1996.03890300147032] [PMID: 8651734]
[25]
Asumalahti, K.; Ameen, M.; Suomela, S.; Hagforsen, E.; Michaëlsson, G.; Evans, J.; Munro, M.; Veal, C.; Allen, M.; Leman, J. David Bur-den, A.; Kirby, B.; Connolly, M.; Griffiths, C.E.; Trembath, R.C.; Kere, J.; Saarialho-Kere, U.; Barker, J.N. Genetic analysis of PSORS1 dis-tinguishes guttate psoriasis and palmoplantar pustulosis. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2003, 120(4), 627-632.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12094.x] [PMID: 12648227]
[26]
O’Doherty, C.J.; MacIntyre, C. Palmoplantar pustulosis and smoking. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.), 1985, 291(6499), 861-864.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.291.6499.861] [PMID: 3931743]
[27]
Ashok, K. Fight psoriasis naturally through ayurveda; , 2016. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ashok_Kumar422/publication/306914824/figure/fig2/AS:669671376306192@1536673506331/Figure-No1-Plaque psoriasis_W640.jpg
[28]
Ashok, K. Fight psoriasis naturally through ayurveda; , 2016. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ashok_Kumar422/publication/306914824/figure/fig6/AS:669671376306200@1536673506409/Figure-No5-Flexural-psoriasis_W640.jpg
[29]
Ashok, K. Fight psoriasis naturally through ayurveda; , 2016. Available fromhttps://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ashok_Kumar422/publication/306914824/figure/fig3/AS:669671376297997@1536673506347/Figure-No2-Pustular-psoriasis_W640.jpg
[30]
Ashok, K. Fight psoriasis naturally through ayurveda; , 2016. Available from:https://dermnetnz.org/assets/Uploads/scaly/ppps33__WatermarkedWyJXYXRlcm1hcmtlZCJd.jpg
[31]
Ashok, K. Fight psoriasis naturally through ayurveda; , 2016. Available fromhttps://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ashok_Kumar422/publication/306914824/figure/fig5/AS:669671376314382@15366735063 90/Figure-No4-Guttate-Psoriasis_W640.jpg
[32]
Ashok, K. Fight psoriasis naturally through ayurveda; , 2016. Available fromhttps://www.verywellhealth.com/thmb/t1ppX4QhayIb74AMq4 Mrav4BKjo=/700x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_ icc():format(webp)/psorEderm4b8b084609064557aaa092b5614bf 579.jpg
[33]
Ashok, K. Fight psoriasis naturally through ayurveda; , 2016. Available fromhttps://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ashok_Kumar422/publication/306914824/figure/fig4/AS:669671376306198@15366735 06361/Figure-No3-Nail-psoriasis_W640.jpg
[34]
Almeida, A.J.; Souto, E. Solid lipid nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for peptides and proteins. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 2007, 59(6), 478-490.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2007.04.007] [PMID: 17543416]
[35]
Morganti, P.; Ruocco, E.; Wolf, R.; Ruocco, V. Percutaneous absorption and delivery systems. Clin. Dermatol., 2001, 19(4), 489-501.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0738-081X(01)00183-3] [PMID: 11535394]
[36]
Oka, A.; Tamiya, G.; Tomizawa, M.; Ota, M.; Katsuyama, Y.; Makino, S.; Shiina, T.; Yoshitome, M.; Iizuka, M.; Sasao, Y.; Iwashita, K.; Kawakubo, Y.; Sugai, J.; Ozawa, A.; Ohkido, M.; Kimura, M.; Bahram, S.; Inoko, H. Association analysis using refined microsatellite mark-ers localizes a susceptibility locus for psoriasis vulgaris within a 111 kb segment telomeric to the HLA-C gene. Hum. Mol. Genet., 1999, 8(12), 2165-2170.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/8.12.2165] [PMID: 10545595]
[37]
Papp, K.A.; Krueger, J.G.; Feldman, S.R.; Langley, R.G.; Thaci, D.; Torii, H.; Tyring, S.; Wolk, R.; Gardner, A.; Mebus, C.; Tan, H.; Luo, Y.; Gupta, P.; Mallbris, L.; Tatulych, S. Tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis: Long-term ef-ficacy and safety results from 2 randomized phase-III studies and 1 open-label long-term extension study. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 2016, 74(5), 841-850.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2016.01.013] [PMID: 26899199]
[38]
Bjørneboe, A.; Smith, A.K.; Bjørneboe, G.E.; Thune, P.O.; Drevon, C.A. Effect of dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acids on clinical manifestations of psoriasis. Br. J. Dermatol., 1988, 118(1), 77-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb01753.x] [PMID: 2829958]
[39]
Calder, P.C. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2006, 83(6)(Suppl.), 1505S-1519S.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1505S] [PMID: 16841861]
[40]
Bayliffe, A.I.; Brigandi, R.A.; Wilkins, H.J.; Levick, M.P. Emerging therapeutic targets in psoriasis. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol., 2004, 4(3), 306-310.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2004.02.003] [PMID: 15140425]
[41]
Lebwohl, M. Future psoriasis therapy. Dermatol. Clin., 1995, 13(4), 915-923.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0733-8635(18)30054-8] [PMID: 8785895]
[42]
Menter, A.; Korman, N.J.; Elmets, C.A.; Feldman, S.R.; Gelfand, J.M.; Gordon, K.B.; Gottlieb, A.; Koo, J.Y.; Lebwohl, M.; Leonardi, C.L.; Lim, H.W.; Van Voorhees, A.S.; Beutner, K.R.; Ryan, C.; Bhushan, R. Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic ar-thritis: Section 6. Guidelines of care for the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: Case-based presentations and evidence-based con-clusions. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 2011, 65(1), 137-174.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2010.11.055] [PMID: 21306785]
[43]
Kragballe, K.; Gjertsen, B.T.; De Hoop, D.; Karlsmark, T.; van de Kerkhof, P.C.; Larkö, O.; Nieboer, C.; Roed-Petersen, J.; Strand, A.; Tikjøb, G. Double-blind, right/left comparison of calcipotriol and betamethasone valerate in treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. Lancet, 1991, 337(8735), 193-196.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)92157-W] [PMID: 1670840]
[44]
Lebwohl, M.; Ali, S. Treatment of psoriasis. Part 1. Topical therapy and phototherapy. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 2001, 45(4), 487-498.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2001.117046] [PMID: 11568737]
[45]
Kragballe, K. Treatment of psoriasis with calcipotriol and other vitamin D analogues. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 1992, 27(6 Pt 1), 1001-1008.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0190-9622(92)70302-V] [PMID: 1479078]
[46]
Grant, W.B.; Holick, M.F. Benefits and requirements of vitamin D for optimal health: A review. Altern. Med. Rev., 2005, 10(2), 94-111.
[PMID: 15989379]
[47]
Schmitt, J.; Rosumeck, S.; Thomaschewski, G.; Sporbeck, B.; Haufe, E.; Nast, A. Efficacy and safety of systemic treatments for moderate-to-severe psoriasis: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Br. J. Dermatol., 2014, 170(2), 274-303.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12663] [PMID: 24131260]
[48]
Nast, A.; Jacobs, A.; Rosumeck, S.; Werner, R.N. Efficacy and safety of systemic long-term treatments for moderate-to-severe psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2015, 135(11), 2641-2648.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2015.206] [PMID: 26046458]
[49]
Buccheri, L.; Katchen, B.R.; Karter, A.J.; Cohen, S.R. Acitretin therapy is effective for psoriasis associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Arch. Dermatol., 1997, 133(6), 711-715.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1997.03890420043005] [PMID: 9197824]
[50]
Strober, B.E.; Siu, K.; Menon, K. Conventional systemic agents for psoriasis. A systematic review. J. Rheumatol., 2006, 33(7), 1442-1446.
[PMID: 16724368]
[51]
Ho, V.C.; Griffiths, C.; Albrecht, G.; Vanaclocha, F.; León-Dorantes, G.; Atakan, N.; Reitamo, S.; Johannesson, A. MØRK, N.; Clarke, P.; Pfister, P. Intermittent short courses of cyclosporin (Neoral®) for psoriasis unresponsive to topical therapy: A 1-year multicentre, random-ized study. Br. J. Dermatol., 1999, 141(2), 283-291.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02977.x] [PMID: 10468801]
[52]
Mukherjee, S.; Date, A.; Patravale, V.; Korting, H.C.; Roeder, A.; Weindl, G. Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: An overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clin. Interv. Aging, 2006, 1(4), 327-348.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ciia.2006.1.4.327] [PMID: 18046911]
[53]
Bokarewa, M.; Nagaev, I.; Dahlberg, L.; Smith, U.; Tarkowski, A. Resistin, an adipokine with potent proinflammatory properties. J. Immunol., 2005, 174(9), 5789-5795.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.174.9.5789] [PMID: 15843582]
[54]
Johnston, A.; Arnadottir, S.; Gudjonsson, J.E.; Aphale, A.; Sigmarsdottir, A.A.; Gunnarsson, S.I.; Steinsson, J.T.; Elder, J.T.; Valdimarsson, H. Obesity in psoriasis: Leptin and resistin as mediators of cutaneous inflammation. Br. J. Dermatol., 2008, 159(2), 342-350.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08655.x] [PMID: 18547319]
[55]
Davis, R.H.; Parker, W.L.; Samson, R.T.; Murdoch, D.P. Isolation of a stimulatory system in an Aloe extract. J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc., 1991, 81(9), 473-478.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-81-9-473] [PMID: 1748962]
[56]
Tabassum, N.; Hamdani, M. Plants used to treat skin diseases. Pharmacogn. Rev., 2014, 8(15), 52-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.125531] [PMID: 24600196]
[57]
Park, S.N.; Lee, M.H.; Kim, S.J.; Yu, E.R. Preparation of quercetin and rutin-loaded ceramide liposomes and drug-releasing effect in lipo-some-in-hydrogel complex system. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2013, 435(3), 361-366.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.04.093] [PMID: 23669037]
[58]
Shams-Ghahfarokhi, M.; Shokoohamiri, M.R.; Amirrajab, N.; Moghadasi, B.; Ghajari, A.; Zeini, F.; Sadeghi, G.; Razzaghi-Abyaneh, M. In vitro antifungal activities of Allium cepa, Allium sativum and ketoconazole against some pathogenic yeasts and dermatophytes. Fitoterapia, 2006, 77(4), 321-323.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2006.03.014] [PMID: 16690223]
[59]
Das, I.; Saha, T. Effect of garlic on lipid peroxidation and antioxidation enzymes in DMBA-induced skin carcinoma. Nutrition, 2009, 25(4), 459-471.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2008.10.014] [PMID: 19084378]
[60]
Debug Lies News, Available from: http://debuglies.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Psoriasis-symptoms.-768x372.png
[61]
Very well Health. , Available from https://www.verywellhealth.com/thmb/OTlq1t6DTOsmixRhfbUqwiL5TW4=/768x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/aloe-vera-509144858-5a242f7389eacc0037c5c1e0.jpg
[62]
Data + Empathy = Patient Impact. Healthline. , Available from https://www.healthline.com/hlcmsresource/images/imce/psoriatic-arthritis-natural-remedies_thumb.jpg
[63]
All my Chefs., Available from: https://www.allmychefs.com/images/1013/370-274/ffffff/fotolia_52283514_subscription_xl-copy. jpg?poix=50&poiy=50
[64]
Stylecraze., Available from: https://cdn2.stylecraze.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/995_139346633.jpg
[65]
SIBO Survivor Available from https://sibosurvivor.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/AllicinGarlic.jpg
[66]
Pandey, K. An overview on promising nanotechnological approaches for the treatment of psoriasis. Recent Patents. Nanotechnol., 2020, 14(2), 102-118.
[67]
Nimisha, D.A.; Rizvi, D.A.; Fatima, Z. Neema; Kaur, C.D. Antipsoriatic and anti-inflammatory studies of Berberis aristata extract loaded nanovesicular gels. Pharmacogn. Mag., 2017, 13(51)(Suppl. 3), S587-S594.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_210_17] [PMID: 29142419]
[68]
Keep Fit Kingdom, Available from: https://keepfitkingdom.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Top-5-Health-Benefits-of-Milk-Thistle-Seeds-Keep-Fit-Kingdom-770x472-1.jpg
[69]
Immunotrax. Psoriasis Relief., Available from https://www.immunotrax.com/en/product/psoriasis-relief/
[70]
Flipkart. Psorvin herbal oil for psoriasis, Available from: https://www.flipkart.com/psorvin-herbal-oil-psoriasis-2x30-ml-pack-2-each-30-ml/p/itmfb08bef16c782
[71]
Mandanapalas. Psorolin cream., Available from https://www.madanapalas.com/psorolin-ointment-p-815.html
[72]
Kerala Ayurveda. Winsoria Oil., Available from, https://www.keralaayurveda.biz/product/winsoria-oil
[73]
Shopri. , Available from https://www.shopri.in/sisairosp-psoriasis-lotion-100-ml-pack-2/s/bstfff8f62cyp75ugb
[74]
Pharmayush. Psorease, Available from: https://pharmayush.com/dr-stanley-s-psorease.html
[75]
Dubertret, L.; Mrowietz, U.; Ranki, A.; van de Kerkhof, P.C.; Chimenti, S.; Lotti, T.; Schäfer, G. European patient perspectives on the im-pact of psoriasis: The EUROPSO patient membership survey. Br. J. Dermatol., 2006, 155(4), 729-736.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07405.x] [PMID: 16965422]
[76]
Goedkoop, A.Y.; Kraan, M.C.; Teunissen, M.B.; Picavet, D.I.; de Rie, M.A.; Bos, J.D.; Tak, P.P. Early effects of tumour necrosis factor α blockade on skin and synovial tissue in patients with active psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2004, 63(7), 769-773.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2003.018085] [PMID: 15194570]
[77]
Roenigk, H.H., Jr; Auerbach, R.; Maibach, H.; Weinstein, G.; Lebwohl, M. Methotrexate in psoriasis: Consensus conference. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 1998, 38(3), 478-485.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70508-0] [PMID: 9520032]
[78]
Janssen., Available from https://www.janssenlabels.com/package-insert/product-monograph/prescribing-information/STELARA-pi.pdf
[79]
Available from: https://reference.medscape.com/drug/amevive-alefacept-343188
[80]
van der Fits, L.; Mourits, S.; Voerman, J.S.; Kant, M.; Boon, L.; Laman, J.D.; Cornelissen, F.; Mus, A.M.; Florencia, E.; Prens, E.P.; Lub-berts, E. Imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice is mediated via the IL-23/IL-17 axis. J. Immunol., 2009, 182(9), 5836-5845.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0802999] [PMID: 19380832]
[81]
Shah, P.P.; Desai, P.R.; Patel, A.R.; Singh, M.S. Skin permeating nanogel for the cutaneous co-delivery of two anti-inflammatory drugs. Biomaterials, 2012, 33(5), 1607-1617.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.11.011] [PMID: 22118820]
[82]
Boehncke, W.H.; Menter, A. Burden of disease: Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Am. J. Clin. Dermatol., 2013, 14(5), 377-388.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40257-013-0032-x] [PMID: 23771648]
[83]
Kirkham, B.W.; Kavanaugh, A.; Reich, K. Interleukin-17A: A unique pathway in immune-mediated diseases: Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Immunology, 2014, 141(2), 133-142.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imm.12142] [PMID: 23819583]
[84]
Chang, H.N.; Pang, J.H.; Yang, S.H.; Hung, C.F.; Chiang, C.H.; Lin, T.Y.; Lin, Y.K. Inhibitory effect of indigo naturalis on tumor necrosis factor-α-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Molecules, 2010, 15(9), 6423-6435.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules15096423] [PMID: 20877233]
[85]
Martínez-Navarro, F.J.; Martínez-Menchón, T.; Mulero, V.; Galindo-Villegas, J. Models of human psoriasis: Zebrafish the newly appointed player. Dev. Comp. Immunol., 2019, 97, 76-87.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2019.03.018] [PMID: 30953679]
[86]
Webb, A.E.; Driever, W.; Kimelman, D. psoriasis regulates epidermal development in zebrafish. Dev. Dyn., 2008, 237(4), 1153-1164.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.21509] [PMID: 18351656]
[87]
Boehncke, W.H.; Schön, M.P. Animal models of psoriasis. Clin. Dermatol., 2007, 25(6), 596-605.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.08.014] [PMID: 18021898]
[88]
Sundberg, J.P.; Boggess, D.; Sundberg, B.A.; Beamer, W.G.; Shultz, L.D. Epidermal dendritic cell populations in the flaky skin mutant mouse. Immunol. Invest., 1993, 22(5), 389-401.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08820139309063417] [PMID: 8406628]
[89]
Nakaguma, H.; Kambara, T.; Yamamoto, T. Rat ultraviolet ray B photodermatitis: An experimental model of psoriasis vulgaris. Int. J. Exp. Pathol., 1995, 76(1), 65-73.
[PMID: 7734340]
[90]
Srivastava, N. Zeeshan, Fatima; Chanchal, Deep Kaur; Dilshad, Ali Rizvi Berberine chloride dihydrate enthused nanovesicles for the man-agement of dermatitis nanovesicles for dermatitis. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. Asia, 2020, 10, 1.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210681210666200313123550]
[91]
Fatima, Z.; Kaur, C.D. A review on potential of novel vesicular carriers for carrying herbal drugs in the treatment of dermatological disor-ders. J. Atoms Mol., 2016, 6(3), 987.
[92]
Vincent, N.; Ramya, D.D.; Vedha, H.B. Progress in psoriasis therapy via novel drug delivery systems. Dermatol. Rep., 2014, 6(1), 5451.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/dr.2014.5451] [PMID: 25386329]
[93]
Nasr, M.; Mansour, S.; Mortada, N.D.; Elshamy, A.A. Vesicular aceclofenac systems: A comparative study between liposomes and nio-somes. J. Microencapsul., 2008, 25(7), 499-512.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652040802055411] [PMID: 18608811]
[94]
Lasic, D.D. Novel applications of liposomes. Trends Biotechnol., 1998, 16(7), 307-321.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7799(98)01220-7] [PMID: 9675915]
[95]
Nasr, M.; Mansour, S.; Mortada, N.D.; El Shamy, A.A. Lipospheres as carriers for topical delivery of aceclofenac: Preparation, characteriza-tion and in vivo evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech, 2008, 9(1), 154-162.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-007-9028-2] [PMID: 18446476]
[96]
Srisuk, P.; Thongnopnua, P.; Raktanonchai, U.; Kanokpanont, S. Physico-chemical characteristics of methotrexate-entrapped oleic acid-containing deformable liposomes for in vitro transepidermal delivery targeting psoriasis treatment. Int. J. Pharm., 2012, 427(2), 426-434.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.01.045] [PMID: 22310459]
[97]
Abolmaali, S.S.; Tamaddon, A.M.; Farvadi, F.S.; Daneshamuz, S.; Moghimi, H. Pharmaceutical nanoemulsions and their potential topical and transdermal applications. Iranian J. Pharm. Sci., 2011, 7(3), 139-150.
[98]
Joshi, M.; Patravale, V. Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) based gel of celecoxib. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2008 Jan 4;346(1-2):124-32. Avramoff A, Khan W, Ezra A, Elgart A, Hoffman A, Domb AJ. Cyclosporin pro-dispersion liposphere formulation. J. Control. Release, 2012, 160(2), 401-406.
[PMID: 22227025]
[99]
Abdelbary, A.A.; AbouGhaly, M.H. Design and optimization of topical methotrexate loaded niosomes for enhanced management of psoria-sis: Application of Box-Behnken design, in-vitro evaluation and in-vivo skin deposition study. Int. J. Pharm., 2015, 485(1-2), 235-243.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.03.020] [PMID: 25773359]
[100]
Batheja, P.; Sheihet, L.; Kohn, J.; Singer, A.J.; Michniak-Kohn, B. Topical drug delivery by a polymeric nanosphere gel: Formulation opti-mization and in vitro and in vivo skin distribution studies. J. Control. Release, 2011, 149(2), 159-167.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.10.005] [PMID: 20950659]
[101]
Kilfoyle, B.E. Tyrosine-derived nanoparticles for the topical treatment of psoriasis; Rutgers The State University of New Jersey-New Bruns-wick, 2011.
[102]
Nasr, M.; Abdel-Hamid, S. Lipid based nanocapsules: A multitude of biomedical applications. Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol., 2015, 16(4), 322-332.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920101604150218103555] [PMID: 25543690]
[103]
Savian, A.L.; Rodrigues, D.; Weber, J.; Ribeiro, R.F.; Motta, M.H.; Schaffazick, S.R.; Adams, A.I.; de Andrade, D.F.; Beck, R.C.; da Silva, C.B. Dithranol-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules improve the photostability and reduce the in vitro irritation potential of this drug. Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2015, 46, 69-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2014.10.011] [PMID: 25491961]
[104]
Cevc, G.; Blume, G. Lipid vesicles penetrate into intact skin owing to the transdermal osmotic gradients and hydration force. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1992, 1104(1), 226-232.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(92)90154-E] [PMID: 1550849]
[105]
Chaudhary, H.; Kohli, K.; Kumar, V. Nano-transfersomes as a novel carrier for transdermal delivery. Int. J. Pharm., 2013, 454(1), 367-380.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.07.031] [PMID: 23871739]
[106]
Elsayed, M.M.; Abdallah, O.Y.; Naggar, V.F.; Khalafallah, N.M. Lipid vesicles for skin delivery of drugs: Reviewing three decades of re-search. Int. J. Pharm., 2007, 332(1-2), 1-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.12.005] [PMID: 17222523]
[107]
Gupta, M.; Agrawal, U.; Vyas, S.P. Nanocarrier-based topical drug delivery for the treatment of skin diseases. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv., 2012, 9(7), 783-804.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2012.686490] [PMID: 22559240]
[108]
Cevc, G.; Schätzlein, A.; Blume, G. Transdermal drug carriers: Basic properties, optimization and transfer efficiency in the case of epicuta-neously applied peptides. J. Control. Release, 1995, 36(1-2), 3-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-3659(95)00056-E]
[109]
El Zaafarany, G.M.; Awad, G.A.; Holayel, S.M.; Mortada, N.D. Role of edge activators and surface charge in developing ultradeformable vesicles with enhanced skin delivery. Int. J. Pharm., 2010, 397(1-2), 164-172.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.06.034] [PMID: 20599487]
[110]
Malakar, J.; Sen, S.O.; Nayak, A.K.; Sen, K.K. Formulation, optimization and evaluation of transferosomal gel for transdermal insulin deliv-ery. Saudi Pharm. J., 2012, 20(4), 355-363.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2012.02.001] [PMID: 23960810]
[111]
Trotta, M.; Peira, E.; Carlotti, M.E.; Gallarate, M. Deformable liposomes for dermal administration of methotrexate. Int. J. Pharm., 2004, 270(1-2), 119-125.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.10.006] [PMID: 14726128]
[112]
Bhatia, A.; Singh, B.; Wadhwa, S.; Raza, K.; Katare, O.P. Novel phospholipid-based topical formulations of tamoxifen: Evaluation for an-tipsoriatic activity using mouse-tail model. Pharm. Dev. Technol., 2014, 19(2), 160-163.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10837450.2013.763260] [PMID: 23369039]
[113]
Bseiso, E.A.; Nasr, M.; Sammour, O.; Abd El Gawad, N.A. Recent advances in topical formulation carriers of antifungal agents. Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol., 2015, 81(5), 457-463.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0378-6323.162328] [PMID: 26261140]
[114]
Nayak, N.; Somanna, P.; Patil, A.B.; Radhakrishnan, A. Progress in novel ultradeformable vesicular drug carrier in the topical and transder-mal treatment of psoriasis. Ther. Deliv., 2020, 11(12), 807-819.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/tde-2020-0081] [PMID: 33267650]
[115]
Fatima, Z. Formulation and performance evaluation of Berberis aristata extract loaded ethosomal gel. Asian J Pharm, 2017, 11(3) Available from: https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v11i03.1401
[116]
Prasanthi, D.; Lakshmi, P.K. Vesicles-mechanism of transdermal permeation: A review. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., 2012, 5(1), 18-25.
[117]
Chourasia, M.K.; Kang, L.; Chan, S.Y. Nanosized ethosomes bearing ketoprofen for improved transdermal delivery. Results Pharma Sci., 2011, 1(1), 60-67.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rinphs.2011.10.002] [PMID: 25755983]
[118]
Zhang, Y.T.; Shen, L.N.; Wu, Z.H.; Zhao, J.H.; Feng, N.P. Comparison of ethosomes and liposomes for skin delivery of psoralen for psori-asis therapy. Int. J. Pharm., 2014, 471(1-2), 449-452.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.06.001] [PMID: 24907596]
[119]
Fang, Y.P.; Huang, Y.B.; Wu, P.C.; Tsai, Y.H. Topical delivery of 5-aminolevulinic acid-encapsulated ethosomes in a hyperproliferative skin animal model using the CLSM technique to evaluate the penetration behavior. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 2009, 73(3), 391-398.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2009.07.011] [PMID: 19660544]
[120]
Kumari, S.; Pathak, K. Cavamax W7 composite psoralen ethosomal gel versus cavamax W7 psoralen solid complex gel for topical delivery: A comparative evaluation. Int. J. Pharm. Investig., 2013, 3(4), 171-182.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-973X.121284] [PMID: 24350036]
[121]
Croy, S.R.; Kwon, G.S. Polymeric micelles for drug delivery. Curr. Pharm. Des., 2006, 12(36), 4669-4684.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161206779026245] [PMID: 17168771]
[122]
Lapteva, M.; Mondon, K.; Möller, M.; Gurny, R.; Kalia, Y.N. Polymeric micelle nanocarriers for the cutaneous delivery of tacrolimus: A targeted approach for the treatment of psoriasis. Mol. Pharm., 2014, 11(9), 2989-3001.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/mp400639e] [PMID: 25057896]
[123]
Singka, G.S.; Samah, N.A.; Zulfakar, M.H.; Yurdasiper, A.; Heard, C.M. Enhanced topical delivery and anti-inflammatory activity of metho-trexate from an activated nanogel. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 2010, 76(2), 275-281.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.06.014] [PMID: 20600884]
[124]
Hathout, R.M.; Nasr, M. Transdermal delivery of betahistine hydrochloride using microemulsions: Physical characterization, biophysical assessment, confocal imaging and permeation studies. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 2013, 110, 254-260.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.05.007] [PMID: 23732802]
[125]
Sharma, K.; Bedi, N. Microemulsion based hydrogel of mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of psoriasis. Curr. Trends Biotechnol. Pharm., 2014, 8, 359-371.
[126]
Kim, I.S.; Kim, S.H. Development of a polymeric nanoparticulate drug delivery system. in vitro characterization of nanoparticles based on sugar-containing conjugates. Int. J. Pharm., 2002, 245(1-2), 67-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(02)00336-8] [PMID: 12270243]
[127]
Jacob, S.; Nair, A.B.; Shah, J. Emerging role of nanosuspensions in drug delivery systems. Biomater. Res., 2020, 24(1), 3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-0184-8] [PMID: 31969986]
[128]
Yang, F.; Kamiya, N.; Goto, M. Transdermal delivery of the anti-rheumatic agent methotrexate using a solid-in-oil nanocarrier. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 2012, 82(1), 158-163.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.05.016] [PMID: 22713517]
[129]
Gholap, A.D.; Borude, S.S.; Mahajan, A.M.; Gholap, M.A. Aquasomes: A potential drug delivery carrier. Pharmacol Online., 2011, 3, 230-237.
[130]
Nanjwade, B.K.; Hiremath, G.M. Aquasome Based Drug Delivery; Lap Lambert Academic Publishing GmbH & Co: Saarbrucken, 2012.
[131]
Naldi, L.; Peli, L.; Parazzini, F.; Carrel, C.F. Family history of psoriasis, stressful life events, and recent infectious disease are risk factors for a first episode of acute guttate psoriasis: Results of a case-control study. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 2001, 44(3), 433-438.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2001.110876] [PMID: 11209111]
[132]
Pettitt, D.; Plotnick, M.; Miller, L.S.; Berlin, J.A.; Wang, Y.; Zhao, J.; Gisondi, P.; Sinvhal, R.; Armstrong, A.W. Letter to the editor concern-ing the article: Comparative safety and benefit-risk profile of biologics and oral treatments for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: A net-work meta-analysis of clinical trial data. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 2021, 85(5), e305-e306.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2021.05.068] [PMID: 34311042]
[133]
Camela, E.; Fabbrocini, G.; Cinelli, E.; Lauro, W.; Megna, M. Biologic therapies, psoriasis, and COVID-19: Our experience at the psoriasis unit of the university of naples federico II. Dermatology, 2021, 237(1), 13-14.
[PMID: 33296899]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
1
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy