Abstract
The lifetime of PV modules is reduced due to a variety of degradation modes. Failure modes that contribute significantly to PV module output power losses include snail trails, hotspots, micro cracks, bubbles or delamination, and dust accumulation. The correlations between these phenomena, like those between corrosive environment and potential-induced breakdown, are not well understood. As a result, in this review, we will try to explain the relationship between snail trails, hotspots, microcracks, bubbles or delamination, and dust accumulation on photovoltaic module components in order to ensure the PV modules' reliability. This paper in the Photovoltaic literature gives an overview of several Maximum Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques that have been recently designed, simulated and/or experimentally validated. The main objective of every MPPT technology is to maximize the output of a photovoltaic array with shade or unshade conditions. The characteristics presented in this paper are unique, and they provide researchers with a starting point for choosing and implementing an appropriate MPPT technique.
Keywords: Degradation rate, MPPT techniques, partial shading, photovoltaic system, power loss, manufacturers.
Graphical Abstract
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