Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1568-0266
ISSN (Online): 1873-4294

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

Caralluma edulis (Apocynaceae): A Comprehensive Review on its Traditional Uses, Phytochemical Profile and Pharmacological Effects

Author(s): Bushra Ansari, Tapan Behl, Abdul Saboor Pirzada and Haroon Khan*

Volume 22, Issue 18, 2022

Published on: 21 July, 2022

Page: [1501 - 1514] Pages: 14

DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220527092825

Price: $65

Abstract

Caralluma edulis is a well-known species of the genus Caralluma from Apocynaceae, commonly known as chunga. Caralluma species are mostly succulent perennial herbs, several of which are edible species. The plant has an outstanding therapeutic background in the traditional system of treatment. It has been recommended for the treatment of a number medical disorders such as hypertension, Alzheimer’s disease, rheumatism, gastric problems and leprosy. Traditionally the stem was boiled in water and this extract was then used to cure diabetes. The pharmacological effects of C. edulis have also been explored in various in vitro and in vivo experiments. In this regard, the extract of the plant exhibited strong antioxidant, and analgesic activity against inflammation as well as xylene-mediated ear edema as topical effects. The significant anti-hyperlipidemic effect of the plant extract is also reported. However, the extract was found insignificant in the reversal of alloxan-induced diabetes in the rabbit model at test doses. These pharmacological effects are strongly supported by the presence of different bioactive phytochemicals in the plant. These groups of compounds include sterols, terpenoids, flavonoids, and pregnane glycosides. C. edulis is a very potential member of the genus Caralluma with strong traditional history, phytochemistry and phytopharmacology, and needs further exploration for clinically used lead compounds. In this review, we have focused on combining different reported data on the traditional uses of the plant, its phytochemical profile and pharmacological effects in different experimental assay along with subsequent future prospects.

Keywords: Caralluma edulis, Plant description, Chunga, Choung, Edulis plant, Phytochemical profile, Pharmacological effects.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Akerele, O. Medicinal plants and primary health care: An agenda for action. Fitoterapia, 1988, 59(5), 355-363.
[2]
WHO. Traditional practitioners as primary health care workers: Guidelines for training traditional health practitioners in primary health careGeneva; , 1995.
[3]
Sheldon, J.W. Medicinal plants: Can utilization and conservation coexist? Adv. Econ. Botany, 1997, 12, i-104.
[4]
Farnsworth, N.R. The role of ethnopharmacology in drug development. Bioactive Comp. Plants, 1990, 154, 2-21.
[5]
Dhillion, S.S.; Amundsen, C. Responding to bioprospecting: From biodiversity in the south to medicines in the North. Econ. Bot., 2000, 56(1), 103-131.
[6]
Danøe, R.; Bøgh, H. Usage of herbal medicine against helminths in livestock. An old tradition gets its renaissance. World Anim. Rev., 1999, 93(2), 60-65.
[7]
Ashu Agbor, M.; Naidoo, S. Ethnomedicinal plants used by traditional healers to treat oral health problems in Cameroon. Evid.-. Based Complement. Altern. Med., 2015, 2015, 649832.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/649832]
[8]
Petersen, P.E. The World Oral Health Report 2003: Continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century--the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol., 2003, 31(Suppl. 1), 3-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.2003.com122.x ] [PMID: 15015736]
[9]
Palombo, E.A. Traditional medicinal plant extracts and natural products with activity against oral bacteria: Potential application in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Evid.-. Based Complement. Altern. Med., 2011, 2011, 680354.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep067]
[10]
Shackleton, C.M. Re-examining local and market-orientated use of wild species for the conservation of biodiversity. Environ. Conserv., 2001, 28(3), 270-278.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0376892901000285]
[11]
Abdul-Aziz Al-Yahya, M.; Abdel-Sattar, E.; Guittet, E. Pregnane glycosides from Caralluma russeliana. J. Nat. Prod., 2000, 63(10), 1451-1453.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np990530c ] [PMID: 11076578]
[12]
Ii, A. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 2003, 141(4), 399-436.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x]
[13]
Gilbert, M. A review of Caralluma R. Br. and its segregates. Bradleya, 1990, 1990(8), 1-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.25223/brad.n8.1990.a1]
[14]
Meve, U.; Liede, S. Subtribal division of Ceropegieae (ApocynaceaeAsclepiadoideae). Taxon, 2004, 53(1), 61-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4135489]
[15]
Adnan, M.; Jan, S.; Mussarat, S.; Tariq, A.; Begum, S.; Afroz, A.; Shinwari, Z.K. A review on ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharma-cology of plant genus Caralluma R. Br. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 2014, 66(10), 1351-1368.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12265 ] [PMID: 24780055]
[16]
Naik, M.; Krishnamurthy, Y. Xerophyte Caralluma stalagmifera var. longipetala (Asclepiadaceae): A new record to the flora of Karna-taka, India. J. Threat. Taxa, 2012, 4(6), 2656-2659.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o2898.2656-9]
[17]
Brown, N. Caralluma campanulata. With an enumeration of the other species of the genus, and descriptions of several. Gard Chron, 1892, 3, 369-370.
[18]
Schumann, K. Asclepiadaceae. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Leipzig Engelmann, 1895, 189-305.
[19]
Plowes, P. A reclassification of Caralluma R. Brown (Stapelieae: Asclepiadaceae). Haseltonia, 1995, (3), 49-70.
[20]
Ali, S.I. Flora of Pakistan.. National Herbarium, NARC Islamabad, Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi, (Fascicles), , 1972-1994.
[21]
Ansari, N.M.; Houlihan, L.; Hussain, B.; Pieroni, A. Antioxidant activity of five vegetables traditionally consumed by South-Asian mi-grants in Bradford, Yorkshire, UK. Phytother. Res., 2005, 19(10), 907-911.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1756 ] [PMID: 16261524]
[22]
Ahmad, M.; Shaikh, M. Improvement in glucose tolerance by Caralluma tuberculata, Acacia nilotica and Papaver somniferum Pak. J. Zool, 1989. Available from: https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=PK9001151
[23]
Gandhi, R. Carallumas of the Indian subcontinent; Indian Society of Cacti & Succulents: India, 1999.
[24]
Bader, A.; Braca, A.; De Tommasi, N.; Morelli, I. Further constituents from Caralluma negevensis. Phytochemistry, 2003, 62(8), 1277-1281.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00678-7 ] [PMID: 12648551]
[25]
Abdel-Sattar, E.; Ahmed, A.A.; Hegazy, M.E.; Farag, M.A.; Al-Yahya, M.A. Acylated pregnane glycosides from Caralluma russeliana. Phytochemistry, 2007, 68(10), 1459-1463.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.03.009 ] [PMID: 17449076]
[26]
Al-Faifi, Z. In vitro anticancer activity of Caralluma acutangula (Decne.) NE Br. extract. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 2016, 38(2), 59-63.
[27]
Mounika, P. Anti tuberular and anthelminthic activities of aqueous methanolic extract of Caralluama attenuata. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 2016, 7(11), 4561.
[28]
Shad, A.A.; Bakht, J.; Shah, H.U.; Hayat, Y. Antioxidant activity and nutritional assessment of under-utilized medicinal plants. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci., 2016, 29(6), 2039-2045.
[PMID: 28375121]
[29]
Uddandapu, P.K.; Naidu, K.C.; Rao, Y.V. In vitro antifungal activity of few medicinal plants of Visakhapatnam region against clinically isolated dermatophytes. Int. J. Bioassays, 2016, 5(5), 4573-4578.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.05.008]
[30]
Albalawi, M.A.D.; Bashir, N.A.O.; Tawfik, A. Anticancer and antifolate activities of extracts of six Saudi Arabian wild plants used in folk medicine. J. Life Sci., 2015, 9, 334-340.
[31]
Habibuddin, M.; Daghriri, H.A.; Humaira, T.; Al Qahtani, M.S.; Hefzi, A.A. Antidiabetic effect of alcoholic extract of Caralluma sinaica L. on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rabbits. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2008, 117(2), 215-220.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.01.021 ] [PMID: 18359177]
[32]
Zakaria, M.; Islam, M.W.; Radhakrishnan, R.; Liu, X.M.; Ismail, A.; Kamil, M.; Chan, K.; Al-Attas, A. Anti-gastric ulcer and cytoprotec-tive properties of Caralluma arabica. Pharm. Biol., 2002, 40(3), 225-230.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/phbi.40.3.225.5830]
[33]
Al-Mehdar, A.A.; Dammag, M.A.; Hussien, T.A. Assessment of hepatoprotective activity of Caralluma cicatricose against CCl4-induced liver damage in rabbits. J Drug Discov Therap, 2015, 3, 1-10.
[34]
Umar, A.; Mabrouk, M.; Danjuma, N.M.; Yaro, A. Studies on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of hydro-alcohol extract of Caralluma dalzielii NE Br (Asclepiadaceae) in rats and mice. Br. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 2013, 4(5), 169-175.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/bjpt.4.5397]
[35]
Vajha, M.; Amrutha, V.; Audipudi, M. Evaluation of immunostimulating activities of Caralluma spp. Int. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. Res., 2010, 2, 1-4.
[36]
Latha, S.; Rajaram, K.; Suresh Kumar, P. Hepatoprotective and antidiabetic effect of methanol extract of Caralluma fimbriata in strepta-tozocin induced diabetic albino rats. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 2014, 6(1), 665-668.
[37]
Ambadasu, B. Effect of Caralluma fimbriata extract on appetite and lipid profile in rats fed with hypercalorie/cafeteria diet. Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Sci., 2013, 4(2), 788-793.
[38]
Ray, S.; Basu, A.; Ray, S. Antinociceptive activity of leaf extract of Caralluma fimbriata, using albino mice. J. Pharm. Biomed. Sci., 2012, 18, 3.
[39]
Poodineh, J.; Nakhaee, A. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Caralluma tuberculata and its safety on liver and kidneys of dia-betic rats/Diyabetik sıçanların karaciğer ve böbrekleri üzerinde Caralluma tuberculata’nın hipoglisemik ve hipolipidemik etkisi ve güvenliği. Turk Biyokim. Derg., 2016, 41(3), 136-143.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2016-0023]
[40]
Khan, M.Z.; Atlas, N.; Nawaz, W. Neuroprotective effects of Caralluma tuberculata on ameliorating cognitive impairment in a d-galactose-induced mouse model. Biomed. Pharmacother., 2016, 84, 387-394.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.055 ] [PMID: 27668539]
[41]
Vajha, M. Evaluation of antiadipogenesis activities of selected species of Caralluma r. br., boucerosia wight & arn. and pregnane steroid on cell lines. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 2014, 5(5), 1919.
[42]
Mahmood, A. Ethno medicinal survey of plants from district Bhimber Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. J. Med. Plants Res., 2011, 5(11), 2348-2360.
[43]
Tariq, S. Biochemical, phytochemical, and biological evaluation of Caralluma edulis from Cholistan Desert.. PhD Thesis, 2020. Available from: http://itr.iub.edu.pk:8000/xmlui/handle/123456789/1485?show=full.
[44]
Aslam, I.; Iqbal, J.; Peerzada, S.; Afridi, M.S.K.; Ishtiaq, S. Microscopic investigations and pharmacognostic techniques for the standard-ization of Caralluma edulis (Edgew.) Benth. ex Hook.f. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2019, 82(11), 1891-1902.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23357 ] [PMID: 31415132]
[45]
Sharawy, S. A systematic revision on Caralluma species of Saudi Arabia based on karyological and molecular data. Pak. J. Bot., 2015, 47(3), 937-950.
[46]
ALI, S.I. Flora of Pakistan. 1883. Available form: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=124444
[47]
Yaseen, G.; Ahmad, M.; Zafar, M.; Sultana, S.; Kayani, S.; Cetto, A.A.; Shaheen, S. Traditional management of diabetes in Pakistan: Ethnobotanical investigation from Traditional Health Practitioners. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2015, 174, 91-117.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.041 ] [PMID: 26231447]
[48]
Ahmad, S. Ethnobotanical studies of plant resources of Cholistan desert, Pakistan. Int. J. Sci. Res., 2014, 3(6), 1782-1788.
[49]
Bhandari, M. Flora of the Indian desert; Cornell University: NY, USA, 1990.
[50]
Safa, O.; Soltanipoor, M.A.; Rastegar, S.; Kazemi, M.; Nourbakhsh Dehkordi, K.; Ghannadi, A. An ethnobotanical survey on hormozgan province, Iran. Avicenna J. Phytomed., 2013, 3(1), 64-81.
[PMID: 25050260]
[51]
Burkill, I.H. A working list of the flowering plants of Baluchistan., 1909.
[52]
Chopra, R.N.; Nayar, S.L.; Chopra, I.C. Glossary of Indian medicinal plants; Council of Scientific & Industrial Research: New Delhi, 1956, Vol. 1, .
[53]
Minhas, A. Khan, A-u.; Ansari, M. Anti-inflammatory effect of Caralluma edulis against acute and chronic inflammation. J. Anim. Plant Sci., 2018, 28(1), 264-269.
[54]
Mehandru, P.; Shekhawat, N.S.; Rai, M.K.; Kataria, V.; Gehlot, H.S. Evaluation of aeroponics for clonal propagation of Caralluma edulis, Leptadenia reticulata and Tylophora indica - three threatened medicinal Asclepiads. Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants, 2014, 20(3), 365-373.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12298-014-0240-8 ] [PMID: 25049464]
[55]
Ozturk, M. Potential medicinal plants used in the hypertension in Turkey, Pakistan, and Malaysia In: Plant and Human Health; Springer; , 2018; 1, pp. 595-618.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93997-1_16]
[56]
Rizwani, G.H. Phytochemical and biological studies on medicinal herbs, Caralluma tuberculata and Caralluma edulis; University of Karachi: Karachi, 1991.
[57]
Grubben, G. VegetablesPROTA: Africa; , 2004, Vol. 2, .
[58]
Patel, A.K.; Phulwaria, M.; Rai, M.K.; Gupta, A.K.; Shekhawat, S.; Shekhawat, N.S. In vitro propagation and ex vitro rooting of Carallu-ma edulis (Edgew.) Benth. & Hook. f.: An endemic and endangered edible plant species of the Thar Desert. Sci. Hortic. (Amsterdam), 2014, 165, 175-180.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2013.10.039]
[59]
Shinwari, Z. A pictorial guide to Medicinal Plants of Pakistan; KUST: Kohat, Pakistan, 2006.
[60]
Akhtar, M.S. Hypoglycaemic activities of some indigenous medicinal plants traditionally used as antidiabetic drugs. J. Pak. Med. Assoc., 1992, 42(11), 271-277.
[PMID: 1479640]
[61]
Nadkarni, K.M. Dr. KM Nadkarni’s Indian materia medica: With Ayurvedic, Unani-Tibbi, Siddha, allopathic, homeopathic, naturopathic & home remedies, appendices & indexes; Popular Prakashan Private Ltd.: Bombay, 1996, Vol. 1, .
[62]
Ahmad, M. Traditional herbal remedies used for the treatment of diabetes from district Attock (Pakistan). Pak. J. Bot., 2009, 41(6), 2777-2782.
[63]
Wadood, A.; Wadood, N.; Shah, S.A. Effects of Acacia arabica and Caralluma edulis on blood glucose levels of normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits. J. Pak. Med. Assoc., 1989, 39(8), 208-212.
[PMID: 2509753]
[64]
Ullah, I. Antibacterial and antioxidant activity analysis of some wild medicinal plants. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud., 2017, 5(6), 1771-1775.
[65]
Firdoos, S.; Khan, A-U.; Ali, F. Anti-nociceptive Effect of Caralluma edulis on Peripheral and Central Pain Pathways. Sains Malays., 2017, 46(10), 1859-1863.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4610-24]
[66]
Deliorman Orhan, D.; Hartevioğlu, A.; Küpeli, E.; Yesilada, E. In vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of the crude extract and fractions from Rosa canina L. fruits. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2007, 112(2), 394-400.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.03.029 ] [PMID: 17482395]
[67]
Ashfaq, A.; Khan, A.; Minhas, A.M.; Aqeel, T.; Assiri, A.M.; Bukhari, I.A. Anti-hyperlipidemic effects of Caralluma edulis (Asclepiada-ceae) and Verbena officinalis (Verbenaceae) whole plants against high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in mice. Trop. J. Pharm. Res., 2017, 16(10), 2417-2423.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v16i10.15]
[68]
Harborne, J. Methods of plant analysis. In: Phytochemical methods; Springer, 1984; pp. 1-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5570-7_1]
[69]
Deepak, D.; Khare, A.; Khare, M.P. Plant pregnanes. Phytochemistry, 1989, 28(12), 3255-3263.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80327-9]
[70]
Mitsuhashi, H.; Nomura, T. Studies on the constituents of Asclepiadeceae plants. XVI. On the components of Metaplexis japonica Makino. 3. The structure of benzoylramanone. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 1965, 13(11), 1332-1340.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.13.1332 ] [PMID: 5864725]
[71]
Abdel-Sattar, E.; Shehab, N.G.; Ichino, C.; Kiyohara, H.; Ishiyama, A.; Otoguro, K.; Omura, S.; Yamada, H. Antitrypanosomal activity of some pregnane glycosides isolated from Caralluma species. Phytomedicine, 2009, 16(6-7), 659-664.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2009.02.009 ] [PMID: 19345077]
[72]
Rizwani, G.H.; Aslam, M.; Ahmad, M.; Usmanghani, K.; Ahmad, V.U. Lipid components of Caralluma edulis (edgew.) hook. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci., 1993, 6(2), 19-27.
[PMID: 16414735]
[73]
Helvich, K. Association of official analytical chemists. In: Official methods of analysis, Merck, Germany; , 1990.
[74]
McDonald, P.; Edwards, R.; Greenhalgh, J. Animal Nutrition; T & A Constable Ltd.: Edinburgh, 1973, pp. 2-5.
[75]
Manz, A.; Pamme, N.; Iossifidis, D. Bioanalytical Chemistry; World Scientific: USA, 2004, pp. 39-40.
[76]
Stewart, R.R.; Ali, S.; Nasir, E. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir; Fakhri Print Press: Karachi, 1972.
[77]
Mali, K. Hypoglycemic activity of Caralluma adscendens in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Int. J. Chem. Sci., 2009, 7, 517-522.
[78]
Prabakaran, R.; Kalimuthu, K. Antibacterial activity of the whole plant of Caralluma nilagiriana Kumari et Subba Rao-an endemic me-dicinal plant species. Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Sci., 2013, 4(1), 42-48.
[79]
Zito, P.; Sajeva, M.; Bruno, M.; Maggio, A.; Rosselli, S.; Formisano, C.; Senatore, F. Essential oil composition of stems and fruits of Caralluma europaea N.E.Br. (Apocynaceae). Molecules, 2010, 15(2), 627-638.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules15020627 ] [PMID: 20335933]
[80]
Kulkarni, A. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Caralluma adscendens roxbStem. Int Res J Pharm, 2012, 3(9), 269-270.
[81]
Tatiya, A.; Kulkarni, A.S.; Surana, S.J.; Bari, N.D. Antioxidant and hypolipidemic effect of Caralluma adscendens Roxb. in alloxanized diabetic rats. Int. J. Pharmacol., 2010, 6(4), 400-406.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2010.400.406]
[82]
Abdel-Sattar, E.; Harraz, F.M.; Al-ansari, S.M.; El-Mekkawy, S.; Ichino, C.; Kiyohara, H.; Ishiyama, A.; Otoguro, K.; Omura, S.; Yama-da, H. Acylated pregnane glycosides from Caralluma tuberculata and their antiparasitic activity. Phytochemistry, 2008, 69(11), 2180-2186.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.05.017 ] [PMID: 18614190]
[83]
Reddy, K.D.; Rao, B.V.; Babu, G.S.; Kumar, B.R.; Braca, A.; Vassallo, A.; De Tommasi, N.; Rao, G.V.; Rao, A.V. Minor pregnanes from Caralluma adscendens var. gracilis and Caralluma pauciflora. Fitoterapia, 2011, 82(7), 1039-1043.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2011.06.011 ] [PMID: 21745549]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
16
1
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy