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Medicinal Chemistry

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ISSN (Print): 1573-4064
ISSN (Online): 1875-6638

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Review Article

Structure-Activity Relationships of Pyrimidine Derivatives and their Biological Activity - A Review

Author(s): Ramalakshmi Natarajan, Helina Navis Anthoni Samy*, Amuthalakshmi Sivaperuman and Arunkumar Subramani

Volume 19, Issue 1, 2023

Published on: 26 August, 2022

Page: [10 - 30] Pages: 21

DOI: 10.2174/1573406418666220509100356

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Heterocycles play a major role in many fields of biochemical and physiological such as amino acids, DNA bases, vitamins, endogenous neurotransmitters, etc. Nitrogencontaining heterocyclic compounds play a vital role in medicinal chemistry and exhibit notable biological and pharmacological activities. In the past two decades, scientists focused more on the diverse biological activities of pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine is a six-membered heterocyclic compound, and it is present naturally in nucleic acid components (uracil, thymine, and cytosine) and vitamin B1; it is a promising lead molecule for synthesising compounds with various substitutions to treat various diseases.

Objective: We focused on the structure-activity relationship of pyrimidine derivatives and its various biological activities reported from 2010 to date.

Results: From this review, we concluded that the position of substituents in the pyrimidine nucleus greatly influences biological activities. Thus, the pyrimidine nucleus showed anti-microbial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-tubercular, anti-convulsant, antihypertensive, anthelmintic, antidepressant, analgesic, anti-hyperglycemic activities, etc.

Conclusion: This study provides an overview of the pyrimidine nucleus and its derivatives from 2010 to date. There is a future scope for identifying a lead molecule for the target biological activity.

Keywords: Heterocycles, pyrimidine, drug discovery, substituents, biological activities, lead molecule.

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