Abstract
Introduction: This paper presents an approach for multistage expansion planning of the active distribution system network problems by considering multiple strategies based on system investment cost, including renewable energy sources based on distributed generation units, operational cost, and reliability.
Objective: The developed framework model fulfills the prospects related to techno-economical and reliable multistage expansion planning of active distribution system network for the sustainable development of electric power system.
Methods: The mathematical model of the multi-objective function has been developed with the investment decision variables to compute the investment cost. The reliability of the active distribution system network is evaluated in non-supplied energy costs under contingency conditions with and without DGs.
Results: The result validates the constraints associated with planning, investment decisions, power quality, and reliability of the system.
Conclusion: This study also demonstrates the improvement in per unit (p.u.) voltage of bus nodes for each period of network expansion with DGs over the planning horizon. The proposed method is tested and validated on a 54-bus, 11 kV long-term active distribution network.
Keywords: Multistage expansion planning, active distribution system network, distributed generation, renewable energy sources, non-supplied energy cost, DG, electric power.
Graphical Abstract
[1]
S. Karimi-Arpanahi, M. Jooshaki, M. Moeini-Aghtaie, A. Abbaspour, and M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, "Incorporating flexibility requirements into distribution system expansion planning studies based on regulatory policies", Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 118, 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105769]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105769]
[2]
H. Zakernezhad, M.S. Nazar, M. Shafie-khah, and J.P.S. Catalão, Multi-level optimization framework for resilient distribution system expansion planning with distributed energy resources. Energy, vol. 214, 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118807]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118807]
[3]
G. Mavromatidis, and I. Petkov, "MANGO: A novel optimization model for the long-term, multi-stage planning of decentralized multi-energy systems", Appl. Energy, vol. 288, p. 116585, 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116585]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116585]
[4]
Z.M. Ali, I.M. Diaaeldin, A. El-Rafei, H.M. Hasanien, S.H.E. Abdel Aleem, and A.Y. Abdelaziz, "A novel distributed generation planning algorithm via graphically-based network reconfiguration and soft open points placement using Archimedes optimization algorithm", Ain Shams Eng. J., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1923-1941, 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2020.12.006]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2020.12.006]
[5]
S.D. Žarković, E. Shayesteh, and P. Hilber, "Integrated reliability centered distribution system planning — Cable routing and switch placement", Energy Rep., vol. 7, pp. 3099-3115, 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.05.045]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.05.045]
[6]
H.A.S. Abushamah, M.R. Haghifam, and T.G. Bolandi, "“A novel approach for distributed generation expansion planning considering its added value compared with centralized generation expansion,” Sustain. Energy", Grids Networks, vol. 25, p. 100417, 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2020.100417]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2020.100417]
[7]
O.D. Melgar-Dominguez, M. Pourakbari-Kasmaei, M. Lehtonen, and J.R. Sanches Mantovani, "An economic-environmental asset plan-ning in electric distribution networks considering carbon emission tra ding and demand response", Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 181, p. 106202, 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106202]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106202]
[8]
M.F. Tahir, C. Haoyong, and H. Guangze, "Exergy hub based modelling and performance evaluation of integrated energy system", J. Energy Storage, vol. 41, no. July, p. 102912, 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.102912]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.102912]
[9]
M. Larsen, and E. Sauma, "Economic and emission impacts of energy storage systems on power-system long-term expansion planning when considering multi-stage decision processes", J. Energy Storage, vol. 33, no. September, p. 101883, 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2020.101883]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2020.101883]
[10]
A. Bosisio, "A GIS-based approach for high-level distribution networks expansion planning in normal and contingency operation consid-ering reliability", Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 190, p. 106684, 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106684]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106684]
[11]
S.L. Gbadamosi, and N.I. Nwulu, "A multi-period composite generation and transmission expansion planning model incorporating renew-able energy sources and demand response", Sustain. Energy Technol. Assess., vol. 39, p. 100726, 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2020.100726]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2020.100726]
[12]
V.C. Pandey, N. Gupta, K.R. Niazi, A. Swarnkar, and R.A. Thokar, "An adaptive demand response framework using price elasticity model in distribution networks: A case study", Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 202, p. 107597, 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107597]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107597]
[13]
M.F. Tahir, H. Chen, A. Khan, M.S. Javed, K.M. Cheema, and N.A. Laraik, "Significance of demand response in light of current pilot projects in China and devising a problem solution for future advancements", Technol. Soc., vol. 63, p. 101374, 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101374]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101374]
[14]
L. Zhao, "Multistage active distribution network planning with restricted operation scenario selection", IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 121067-121080, 2019.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2936936]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2936936]
[15]
X. Shen, M. Shahidehpour, Y. Han, S. Zhu, and J. Zheng, "Expansion planning of active distribution networks with centralized and dis-tributed energy storage systems", IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 126-134, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2016.2586027]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2016.2586027]
[16]
F.S. Gazijahani, and J. Salehi, "Stochastic multi-objective framework for optimal dynamic planning of interconnected microgrids", IET Renew. Power Gener., vol. 11, no. 14, pp. 1749-1759, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2017.0278]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2017.0278]
[17]
M. Shivaie, M.T. Ameli, M.S. Sepasian, P.D. Weinsier, and V. Vahidinasab, "A multistage framework for reliability-based distribution expansion planning considering distributed generations by a self-adaptive global-based harmony search algorithm", Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., vol. 139, pp. 68-81, 2015.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2015.03.001]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2015.03.001]
[18]
A. Zakariazadeh, S. Jadid, and P. Siano, "Stochastic multi-objective operational planning of smart distribution systems considering de-mand response programs", Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 111, pp. 156-168, 2014.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.021]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.021]
[19]
Z. Li, S. Su, X. Jin, H. Chen, Y. Li, and R. Zhang, "A hierarchical scheduling method of active distribution network considering flexible loads in office buildings", Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 131, no. May, p. 2020, 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.106768]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.106768]
[20]
N. Koutsoukis, and P. Georgilakis, "A chance-constrained multistage planning method for active distribution networks", Energies, vol. 12, no. 21, pp. 1-19, 2019.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214154]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214154]
[21]
N.C. Koutsoukis, P.S. Georgilakis, and N.D. Hatziargyriou, "Multistage Coordinated planning of active distribution networks", IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 32-44, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2699696]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2699696]
[22]
C.R. Kumar, "An approach of multistage distribution system network expansion planning considering investment, operational cost and reliability of system", Indian J. Sci. Technol., vol. 13, no. 30, pp. 2125-2140, 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v13i30.678]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v13i30.678]
[23]
M. Ahmadigorji, and N. Amjady, "A new evolutionary solution method for dynamic expansion planning of DG-integrated primary distri-bution networks", Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 82, pp. 61-70, 2014.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.03.008]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.03.008]
[24]
W. Ouyang, H. Cheng, X. Zhang, and L. Yao, "Distribution network planning method considering distributed generation for peak cutting", Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 2394-2401, 2010.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.05.003]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.05.003]
[25]
M.J. Piao, Y.P. Li, and G.H. Huang, "Development of a stochastic simulation-optimization model for planning electric power systems - A case study of Shanghai, China", Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 86, pp. 111-124, 2014.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.05.011]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.05.011]
[26]
S. Ganguly, N.C. Sahoo, and D. Das, "Mono- and multi-objective planning of electrical distribution networks using particle swarm optimi-zation", Appl. Soft Comput., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 2391-2405, 2011.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2010.09.002]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2010.09.002]
[27]
S. Ganguly, N.C. Sahoo, and D. Das, "Recent advances on power distribution system planning: A state-of-the-art survey", Energy Systems, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 165-193, 2013.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12667-012-0073-x]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12667-012-0073-x]
[28]
S.F. Santos, D.Z. Fitiwi, M. Shafie-Khah, A.W. Bizuayehu, C.M.P. Cabrita, and J.P.S. Catalão, "New Multistage and stochastic mathemati-cal model for maximizing RES hosting capacity - Part I: Problem Formulation", IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 304-319, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2016.2598400]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2016.2598400]
[29]
S.F. Santos, D.Z. Fitiwi, M. Shafie-Khah, A.W. Bizuayehu, C.M.P. Cabrita, and J.P.S. Catalão, "New multi-stage and stochastic mathemati-cal model for maximizing RES hosting capacity - Part II: numerical results", IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 320-330, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2016.2584122]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2016.2584122]
[30]
C. Dong, G.H. Huang, Y.P. Cai, and Y. Liu, "Robust planning of energy management systems with environmental and constraint-conservative considerations under multiple uncertainties", Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 65, pp. 471-486, 2013.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2012.09.001]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2012.09.001]
[31]
F. Vazinram, M. Hedayati, R. Effatnejad, and P. Hajihosseini, "Self-healing model for gas-electricity distribution network with considera-tion of various types of generation units and demand response capability", Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 206, p. 112487, 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112487]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112487]
[32]
J.M. Nahman, and D.M. Perić, "Radial distribution network planning under uncertainty by applying different reliability cost models", Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 117, no. October, p. 2019, 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105655]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105655]
[33]
S. Mohtashami, D. Pudjianto, G. Strbac, and A. Constants, "With smart grid", Technologies , vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 2656-2664, 2017.
[34]
S.N. Ravadanegh, N. Jahanyari, A. Amini, and N. Taghizadeghan, "Smart distribution grid multistage expansion planning under load fore-casting uncertainty", IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 1136-1144, 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.0673]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.0673]
[35]
S. Heidari, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, and M. Lehtonen, "Planning to Equip the Power Distribution Networks with Automation System", IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 3451-3460, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2650210]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2650210]
[36]
J.M. Home-Ortiz, M. Pourakbari-Kasmaei, M. Lehtonen, and J.R. Sanches Mantovani, "Optimal location-allocation of storage devices and renewable-based DG in distribution systems", Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 172, pp. 11-21, 2019.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2019.02.013]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2019.02.013]
[37]
G. Muñoz-Delgado, J. Contreras, and J.M. Arroyo, "Distribution system expansion planning considering non-utility-owned dg and an independent distribution system operator", IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 2588-2597, 2019.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2897869]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2897869]
[38]
M. Gitizadeh, A.A. Vahed, and J. Aghaei, "Multistage distribution system expansion planning considering distributed generation using hybrid evolutionary algorithms", Appl. Energy, vol. 101, pp. 655-666, 2013.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.07.010]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.07.010]
[39]
G. Munoz-Delgado, J. Contreras, and J.M. Arroyo, "Multistage generation and network expansion planning in distribution systems con-sidering uncertainty and reliability", IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 3715-3728, 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2503604]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2503604]
[40]
A.M. El-Zonkoly, "Multistage expansion planning for distribution networks including unit commitment", IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 766-778, 2013.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2012.0289]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2012.0289]
[41]
A. Zare, C.Y. Chung, J. Zhan, and S.O. Faried, "A Distributionally Robust Chance-Constrained MILP Model for Multistage Distribution System Planning with Uncertain Renewables and Loads", IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 5248-5262, 2018.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2792938]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2792938]
[42]
H. Saboori, R. Hemmati, and V. Abbasi, "Multistage distribution network expansion planning considering the emerging energy storage systems", Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 105, pp. 938-945, 2015.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.08.055]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.08.055]
[43]
A. Bagheri, H. Monsef, and H. Lesani, "Integrated distribution network expansion planning incorporating distributed generation consider-ing uncertainties, reliability, and operational conditions", Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 73, pp. 56-70, 2015.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.03.010]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.03.010]
[44]
R.C. Lotero, and J. Contreras, "Distribution system planning with reliability", IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 2552-2562, 2011.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2011.2167990]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2011.2167990]
[45]
B.R. Pereira Junior, A.M. Cossi, J. Contreras, and J.R.S. Mantovani, "Multiobjective multistage distribution system planning using tabu search", IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 35-45, 2014.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2013.0115]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2013.0115]
[46]
R. Medjoudj, H. Bediaf, and D. Aissani, Power system reliability: Mathematical models and applications.System Reliability., InTech, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71926]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71926]
[47]
S. Singh, and T. Ghose, "Improved radial load flow method", Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 721-727, 2013.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.08.005]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.08.005]
Related Journals
Recent Patents on Engineering
Related Books
Voltammetry for Sensing Applications
Article Metrics
10