Generic placeholder image

Current Traditional Medicine

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2215-0838
ISSN (Online): 2215-0846

Review Article

A Review on Novel Herbal Drug Delivery System and its Application

Author(s): Yogesh Murti*, Krishn Kumar Agrawal, Bhupesh C. Semwal, Jitendra Gupta and Reena Gupta

Volume 9, Issue 2, 2023

Published on: 09 September, 2022

Article ID: e280422204154 Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/2215083808666220428092638

Price: $65

conference banner
Abstract

Herbal medicines are closest to the customary treatment approach than some other conventional or elective medications. They have a few phytoconstituents known for their remedial impacts on the body and have been utilized for hundreds of years. When researchers used to grow new medications, regular items had their exceptional favorable circumstances, for example, plentiful clinical encounters and their one-of-a-kind assorted variety of chemical structures and organic exercises. Various molecules of herbal origin have been isolated, characterized, and evaluated for pharmacological activity by the investigators. However, phytomolecules must be appropriately formulated to facilitate their physiological target and give more precise results. This examination expects to audit the writing on natural preparations and investigate the potential ways to deliver them so that further development can be done on existing herbal molecules and new molecules.

Keywords: Novel herbal drug delivery system (NHDDS), natural products, bioactive molecules, liposomes, phytosomes, nanoparticles

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Bruno JJ, Ellis JJ. Herbal use among US elderly: 2002 National Health Interview Survey. Ann Pharmacother 2005; 39(4): 643-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1E460] [PMID: 15741417]
[2]
Cragg GM, Newman DJ. Natural products: A continuing source of novel drug leads. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013; 1830(6): 3670-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.02.008] [PMID: 23428572]
[3]
Pan SY, Zhou SF, Gao SH, et al. New perspectives on how to discover drugs from herbal medicines: CAM’s outstanding contribution to modern therapeutics. Evi Based Compl Altern Med 2013; pp. 1-25.
[4]
Yuan H, Ma Q, Ye L, Piao G. The traditional medicine and modern medicine from natural products. Molecules 2016; 21(5): 1-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules21050559] [PMID: 27136524]
[5]
Ajazuddin SS, Saraf S. Applications of novel drug delivery system for herbal formulations. Fitoterapia 2010; 81(7): 680-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2010.05.001] [PMID: 20471457]
[6]
Mandal SC, Mandal M. Current status and future prospects of new drug delivery system. Pharm Times 2010; 42: 13-6.
[7]
Musthaba SM, Baboota S, Ahmed S, Ahuja A, Ali J. Status of novel drug delivery technology for phytotherapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6(6): 625-37.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17425240902980154] [PMID: 19505192]
[8]
Sarangi MK, Padhi S. Novel herbal drug delivery system: An overview. Arch Med Health Sci 2018; 6(1): 171-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_88_17]
[9]
Chanchal D, Swarnlata S. Novel approaches in herbal cosmetics. J Cosmet Dermatol 2008; 7(2): 89-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2008.00369.x] [PMID: 18482010]
[10]
Mukherjee PK, Harwansh RK, Bhattacharyya S. Bioavailability of herbal products: approach toward improved pharmacokinetics. Evi Based Valid Herbal Med 2015; 7: 217-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800874-4.00010-6]
[11]
Wen Z, Liu B, Zheng Z, You X, Pu Y, Li Q. Preparation of Liposomes entrapping essential oil from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz by modified RESS technique. Chem Eng Res Des 2010; 88: 1102-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2010.01.020]
[12]
Du Q, Cai W, Xia M, Ito Y. Purification of (+)-dihydromyricetin from leaves extract of Ampelopsis grossedentata using high-speed countercurrent chromatograph with scale-up triple columns. J Chromatogr A 2002; 973(1-2): 217-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01092-0] [PMID: 12437181]
[13]
Shariff A, Pk M, Klk PMM. Entrapment of andrographolide in cross-linked alginate pellets: I. Formulation and evaluation of associated release kinetics. Pak J Pharm Sci 2007; 20(1): 1-9.
[PMID: 17337420]
[14]
Rajani M, Shrivastava N, Ravishankara MN. A rapid method for isolation of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata nees (Kalmegh). Pharm Biol 2000; 38(3): 204-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/1388-0209(200007)3831-SFT204] [PMID: 21214463]
[15]
Liu M, Li H, Luo G, Liu Q, Wang Y. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of surface modification polymeric nanoparticles. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31(4): 547-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12272-001-1191-8] [PMID: 18449515]
[16]
Dahnum D, Abimanyu H, Senjaya A. Isolation of Artemisinin as Antimalarial Drugs from Artemisia annua L. Cultivated in Indonesia. Int J Basic Appl Sci 2012; 12(04): 90-5.
[17]
Chang CH, Huang WY, Lai CH, et al. Development of novel nanoparticles shelled with heparin for berberine delivery to treat Helicobacter pylori. Acta Biomater 2011; 7(2): 593-603.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2010.08.028] [PMID: 20813208]
[18]
Li L, Wang DK, Li LS, Jia J, Chang D, Ai L. preparation of docetaxel submicron emulsion formation for intravenous administration. J Shenyang Pharm Univ 2007; 12: 736-9.
[19]
Pradhan D, Biswasroy P, Suri KA. Isolation of berberine from Berberis vulgaris Linn. and standardization of aqueous extract by RP-HPLC. Int J Herb Med 2013; 1(2): 106-11.
[20]
Min KH, Park K, Kim YS, et al. Hydrophobically modified glycol chitosan nanoparticles-encapsulated camptothecin enhance the drug stability and tumor targeting in cancer therapy. J Control Release 2008; 127(3): 208-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.01.013] [PMID: 18336946]
[21]
Zeng XH, Li YH, Wu SS, et al. New and highly efficient column chromatographic extraction and simple purification of camptothecin from Camptotheca acuminata and Nothapodytes pittosporoides. Phytochem Anal 2013; 24(6): 623-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.2441] [PMID: 23722924]
[22]
Awasthi DN, Singh BP. Isolation and identification of capsaicin and allied compound in chilli 1972.
[23]
Pandey S, Goyani M, Devmurari V, Fakir J. Transferosomes: A Novel approach for transdermal drug delivery. Pharm Lett 2009; 1: 143-50.
[24]
Ellington E, Bastida J, Francesc V, Codina C. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of Colchicum autumnale L. Phytochem Anal 2003; 14(3): 164-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.702] [PMID: 12793464]
[25]
Hong W, Chen DW, Zhao XL, Qiao MX, Hu HY. Preparation and study in vitro of long-circulating nanoliposomes of curcumin. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi 2008; 33(8): 889-92.
[PMID: 18619344]
[26]
Bisht S, Feldmann G, Soni S, et al. Polymeric nanoparticle-encapsulated curcumin (“nanocurcumin”): A novel strategy for human cancer therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2007; 5: 3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-3155-5-3] [PMID: 17439648]
[27]
Maiti K, Mukherjee K, Gantait A, Saha BP, Mukherjee PK. Curcumin-phospholipid complex: Preparation, therapeutic evaluation and pharmacokinetic study in rats. Int J Pharm 2007; 330(1-2): 155-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.09.025] [PMID: 17112692]
[28]
Patel R, Singh SK, Singh S, Sheth NR, Gendle R. Development and characterization of curcumin loaded transferosomes for transdermal delivery. J Pharm Sci 2009; 1: 71-80.
[29]
Kumar RS, Kumar M, Ganesh GNK. Formulation and evaluation of pectin hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose coated curcumin pellets for colon delivery. Asian J Pharm 2009; 3: 138-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-8398.55052]
[30]
Verghese J. Isolation of curcumin from Curcuma longa L. rhizome. Flavour Fragrance J 1993; 8(6): 315-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ffj.2730080605]
[31]
Pathan R, Bhandari U. Preparation and characterization of embelin- phospholipid complex as effective drug delivery tool. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 2011; 9: 139-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10847-010-9824-2]
[32]
Pundarikakshudu K, Joshi H, Shah P, Panchal S. A simple, facile method for isolation of embelin from fruits of Embelta ribes Burm.f (vidang). Indian drugs 2016; 53(02): 23-7.
[33]
Bhattacharya S. Phytosomes: Emerging strategy in delivery of herbal drugs and nutraceuticals. Pharm Times 2009; 41: 9-12.
[34]
Tu L, Sun H, He S, Zhu Y, Yu M, Sun X, et al. Isolation of epigallocatechin gallate from green tea and its effects on probiotics and pathogenic bacteria. Curr Top Nutraceutical Res 2019; 17(1): 69-77.
[35]
Semalty A, Semalty M, Singh D. Supramolecular phospholipid polyphenolics interaction: The phytosome strategy to improve the bioavailability of phytochemicals. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 2010; 67: 253-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10847-009-9705-8]
[36]
Liang Q, Zhang J, Su X, Meng Q, Dou J. Extraction and separation of eight ginsenosides from flower buds of Panax Ginseng using aqueous ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction coupled with an aqueous biphasic system. Molecules 2019; 24(4): 778.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24040778] [PMID: 30795582]
[37]
Hou J, Zhou SW. Formulation and preparation of glycyrrhizic acid solid lipid nanoparticles. ACTA Academiae Medicinae Militaris Tertiae 2008; 30: 1043-5.
[38]
Tian M, Yan H, Row KH. Extraction of glycyrrhizic acid and glabridin from licorice. Int J Mol Sci 2008; 9(4): 571-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms9040571] [PMID: 19325770]
[39]
Wang F, Zhou L, Gu F. Characterization of anticancer hypocrellin A encapsulated with silica nanoparticles. J Therm Anal Calorim 2010; 80: 213-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-009-0630-2]
[40]
Fang LZ, Qing C, Shao HJ, et al. Hypocrellin D, a cytotoxic fungal pigment from fruiting bodies of the ascomycete Shiraia bambusicola. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2006; 59(6): 351-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ja.2006.49] [PMID: 16915819]
[41]
Chen C. Inhibiting the vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation by EPC and DPPC liposome encapsulated magnalol. J Chin Inst Chem Eng 2008; 39: 407-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcice.2008.04.005]
[42]
Chan SSK, Zhao M, Lao L, Fong HHS, Che CT. Magnolol and honokiol account for the anti-spasmodic effect of Magnolia officinalis in isolated guinea pig ileum. Planta Med 2008; 74(4): 381-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1034320] [PMID: 18484527]
[43]
Zhaowu Z, Xiaoli W, Yangde Z, Nianfeng L. Preparation of matrine ethosome, its percutaneous permeation in vitro and anti-inflammatory activity in vivo in rats. J Liposome Res 2009; 19(2): 155-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08982100902722381] [PMID: 19241204]
[44]
Cao FH, Ouyang WQ, Wang YP, Dong HB. Study of preparation of matrin nanoemulsion and its antioxidation on mice. J Nortwest A F University 2007; 3: 61-4.
[45]
Chen H, Luo S, Zheng X, Fan H. Separation of matrine and oxymatrine from Sophora flavescens extract through cation exchange resin coupled with macroporous absorption resin. Pol J Chem Technol 2016; 18(2): 10-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2016-0026]
[46]
Yen FL, Wu TH, Lin LT, Cham TM, Lin CC. Naringenin-loaded nanoparticles improve the physicochemical properties and the hepatoprotective effects of naringenin in orally-administered rats with CCl(4)-induced acute liver failure. Pharm Res 2009; 26(4): 893-902.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-008-9791-0] [PMID: 19034626]
[47]
Yue PF, Yuan HL, Li XY, Yang M, Zhu WF. Process optimization, characterization and evaluation in vivo of oxymatrine-phospholipid complex. Int J Pharm 2010; 387(1-2): 139-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.12.008] [PMID: 20005937]
[48]
Rane S, Prabhakar B. Formulation and evaluation of pH-sensitive, long circulating liposomes for paclitaxel delivery. Int J Pharm Tech Res 2009; 1: 914-7.
[49]
Trickler WJ, Nagvekar AA, Dash AK. A novel nanoparticle formulation for sustained paclitaxel delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9(2): 486-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-008-9063-7] [PMID: 18431660]
[50]
Dong X, Mattingly CA, Tseng MT, et al. Doxorubicin and paclitaxel-loaded lipid-based nanoparticles overcome multidrug resistance by inhibiting P-glycoprotein and depleting ATP. Cancer Res 2009; 69(9): 3918-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2747] [PMID: 19383919]
[51]
Ketchum REB, Luong JV, Gibson DM. Efficient extraction of paclitaxel and related taxoids from leaf tissue of taxus using a potable solvent system. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol 1999; 22(11): 1715-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/JLC-100101762]
[52]
Emiko EF, Nonaka GI, Nishioka I, Hayashi K. Isolation and structures of procyanidins (condensed tannins) from Rhaphiolepis umbellata. Agric Biol Chem 1986; 50(8): 2061-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1986.10867679]
[53]
Rong G, Juqun X. Studies on molecular interaction between puerarin and PC liposomes. Chin Sci Bull 2007; 52: 2612-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-007-0395-6]
[54]
Li P, Lu Y, Du S, et al. Extraction and purification of flavonoids from Radix puerariae. Trop J Pharm Res 2013; 12(6): 919-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v12i6.9]
[55]
Priprem A, Watanatorn J, Sutthiparinyanont S, Phachonpai W, Muchimapura S. Anxiety and cognitive effects of quercetin liposomes in rats. Nanomedicine 2008; 4(1): 70-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2007.12.001] [PMID: 18249157]
[56]
Wu TH, Yen FL, Lin LT, Tsai TR, Lin CC, Cham TM. Preparation, physicochemical characterization, and antioxidant effects of quercetin nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2008; 346(1-2): 160-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.06.036] [PMID: 17689897]
[57]
Vicentini FT, Simi TR, Del Ciampo JO, et al. Quercetin in w/o microemulsion: In vitro and in vivo skin penetration and efficacy against UVB-induced skin damages evaluated in vivo. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 69(3): 948-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.01.012] [PMID: 18304790]
[58]
Horbowicz M. Method of quercetin extraction from dry scales of onion. Veget Crops Res Bull 2002; 57: 119-24.
[59]
Xiao L, Zhang YH, Xu JC, Jin XH. Preparation of floating rutin-alginate-chitosan microcapsule. Chin Tradit Herbal Drugs 2008; 2: 209-12.
[60]
Al-Mahdawe MM, Al-Mallah MK, Ahmad TA. Isolation and identification of rutin from tissues cultures of Ruta graveolens L. J Pharm Sci Res 2018; 10(6): 1517-20.
[61]
Garg R, Gupta GD. Gastro retentive floating microspheres of Silymarin: Preparation and in vitro evaluation. Trop J Pharm Res 2010; 9: 59-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v9i1.52037]
[62]
Wianowska D, Wisniewski M. Simplified procedure of silymarin extraction from Silybum marianum L. Gaertner. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53(2): 366-72.
[PMID: 24895445]
[63]
Mazumder A, Dwivedi A, du Preez JL, du Plessis J. In vitro wound healing and cytotoxic effects of sinigrin-phytosome complex. Int J Pharmaceu 2016; 498(1-2): 283-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.12.027] [PMID: 26706438]
[64]
Al Shahawany AW, Al Hatta ZN, Al Tahhan SF. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Sinigrin in Different Parts in vitro and in vivo of Brassica nigra Plants. Biomed Biotechnol 2016; 4(1): 19-24.
[65]
Xiaoyan A, Jun Y, Min W, et al. Preparation of chitosan-gelatin scaffold containing tetrandrine-loaded nano-aggregates and its controlled release behavior. Int J Pharm 2008; 350(1-2): 257-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.09.008] [PMID: 17945449]
[66]
Xie Z, Xu X, Xie C, Liang Z. Preparative isolation of tetrandrine and fangchinoline from Radix Stephania tetrandra using reversed-phase flash chromatography. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol 2013; 37(3): 343-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826076.2012.745139]
[67]
Chen JG, Liu YF, Gao TW. Preparation and anti-inflammatory activity of triptolide ethosomes in an erythema model. J Liposome Res 2010; 20(4): 297-303.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08982100903544144] [PMID: 20102297]
[68]
Shen J, He C. Isolation and purification of triptolide from the leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. Chin J Chem Eng 2010; 18(5): 750-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1004-9541(09)60124-5]
[69]
Li S, Ji Z, Zou M, Nie X, Shi Y, Cheng G. Preparation, characterization, pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with tetrandrine. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12(3): 1011-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-011-9665-3] [PMID: 21811889]
[70]
Lira MCB, Ferraz MS, da Silva DGVC, et al. Inclusion complex of usnic acid with β-cyclodextrin: Characterization and nanoencapsulation into liposomes. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 2009; 64: 215-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10847-009-9554-5]
[71]
Stark JB, Walter ED, Owens HS. Method of isolation of usnic acid from Ramalina reticulate. J Am Chem Soc 1950; 72(4): 1819-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01160a118]
[72]
Lu Y, Hou SX, Chen T, Sun YY, Yang BX, Yuan ZY. Preparation of transfersomes of vincristine sulfate and study on its prcutaneous penetration Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi 2005; 30(12): 900-3.
[PMID: 16124605]
[73]
Hadagali A, Hegde P, Manasa KH, Madihalli C, Pradeep S, Shettihalli AK. Isolation and detection of vinca alkaloids from endophytes isolated from Catharanthus roseus. Euro J Biomedi Pharm Sci 2017; 4(10): 675-83.
[74]
Ke X, Xu Y, Yan F, Ping QN. The liposomes of wogonin & rats in vivo pharmacokinetics. Zhongguo Yaoke Daxue Xuebao 2007; 38: 502-6.
[75]
Delange DM, Rico CLM, Canavaciolo VG, Cuellar AC, Oliver ES. Selective and high yield isolation of pure Wogonin from aerial parts of Scutellaria havanensis Jacq. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2015; 30(2): 104-8.
[76]
Mohanraj VJ, Chen Y. Nanoparticles: A review. Trop J Pharm Res 2006; 5(1): 561-73.
[77]
Gupta VK, Karar PK, Ramesh S, Misra SP, Gupta A. Nanoparticle formulation for hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Int J Res Pharm Sci 2010; 1: 163-9.
[78]
Chaturvedi M, Kumar M, Sinhal A, Saifi A. Recent development in novel drug delivery systems of herbal drugs. Int J Gr Phar 2011; 5(2): 87-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-8258.85155]
[79]
Lakshmana PS, Shirwaikar AA, Shirwaikar A, Kumar A. Formulation and evaluation of sustained release microspheres of rosin containing aceclofenac. Ars Pharm 2009; 50: 51-62.
[80]
Yan Z, Yuhui W, Huanxiang L, Guoqiang Z, Xin’an W. Preparation and in vitro Evaluation of Ethosomal Total Alkaloids of |Sophora alopecuroides loaded by Transmembrane pH-Gradient Method. Am Asso Pharm Sci 2010; 1: 1-9.
[81]
Devi VK, Jain N, Valli KS. Importance of novel drug delivery systems in herbal medicines. Pharmacogn Rev 2010; 4(7): 27-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.65322] [PMID: 22228938]
[82]
Walve JR, Bakliwal SR, Rane BR, Pawar SP. Transfersomes: A surrogated carrier for transdermal drug delivery system. Int J Appl Biol Pharm Technol 2011; 2: 204-13.
[83]
Mukherjee PK, Wahile A. Integrated approaches towards drug development from Ayurveda and other Indian system of medicines. J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 103(1): 25-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.09.024] [PMID: 16271286]
[84]
Kidd P, Head K. A review of the bioavailability and clinical efficacy of milk thistle phytosome: a silybin-phosphatidylcholine complex (Siliphos). Altern Med Rev 2005; 10(3): 193-203.
[PMID: 16164374]
[85]
Fong HHS, Pauli G, Bolton JL. et al. Evid Based Herbal Medi. Challenges in efficacy and safety assessments. In: Leung P C, Fong HHS, Xue CC, Eds. Annals of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Singapore: World Scientific: Current Review of Chinese Medicine 2006; 2: pp. 11-26.
[86]
Chadwick L, Fong HHS. Herb quality assurance and standardization in herb-drug interaction evaluation and documentation. In: Lam YWF, Huang SM, Hall SD, Eds. Herbal Supplement-Drug Interactions. New York: Taylor & Francis 2006; pp. 191-203.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780849355530.ch8]
[87]
World Health Organization. Research Guidelines for Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Herbal Medicines. Geneva: World Health Organization 1993. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/ 10665/207008
[88]
World Health Organization. General Guidelines for Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicine. 2000. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/66783/WHO_EDM_TRM_2000.1.pdf?sequence=1
[89]
US Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for Industry: Botanical drug products. 2016. [Last accessed on 2020 April 24]. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/files/drugs/published/Botanical-Drug-Development--Guidance-for-Industry.pdf
[90]
New Delhi: Regional Office for South-East Asia. World Health Organization. Guidelines for the regulation of herbal medicines in the South-East Asia Region 2003. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/205175?locale-attribute=fr&show=full
[91]
Parveen A, Parveen B, Parveen R, Ahmad S. Challenges and guidelines for clinical trial of herbal drugs. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2015; 7(4): 329-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.168035] [PMID: 26681895]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy