Abstract
Background: The role of the ABO blood group goes beyond immunohematology as there is accumulating evidence on its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, findings regarding the relation have been contradictory and there is a need to determine the validity of claims.
Objective: Evaluate the susceptibility of the ABO blood groups to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Method: The research design is a meta-analysis. An extensive search was done in PubMed, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. Heterogeneity was determined through Cochran’s Q test and I2 index. Random-effects model was used to measure the risk ratio and confidence intervals. Evaluation of publication bias was done using the funnel plot method; further supported by Egger’s linear regression test and Begg’s test.
Results: The relative susceptibility of ABO blood groups to type 2 diabetes mellitus differs for blood type A (Relative risk [RR] = 1.05, 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.18), blood type B (RR = 1.03, 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.18), blood type AB (RR = 1.25, 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.99), and blood type O (RR = 1.11, 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.48). The highest risk of acquiring the disease was seen in type AB individuals, while the lowest risk was seen in type B individuals.
Conclusion: A significant association was found between ABO blood groups and type 2 diabetes mellitus. ABO phenotype can therefore be considered a possible risk factor or potential genetic determinant of the disease, which can be used to improve diagnosis and treatment.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, ABO blood group system, blood type, systematic review, meta-analysis, relative risk.
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