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Current Medical Imaging

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ISSN (Print): 1573-4056
ISSN (Online): 1875-6603

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Case Report

Isolated Pituitary Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature

Author(s): Bala Başak Öven, Mustafa Kemal Demir*, Serkan Çelik, Riad Moujawaz, Adnan Somay and Turker Kılıc

Volume 18, Issue 13, 2022

Published on: 04 August, 2022

Article ID: e260422204082 Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/0929866529666220426121245

Price: $65

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Abstract

Background: Isolated pituitary gland metastasis is an extremely rare event in renal cell carcinoma. We present a unique case of isolated pituitary metastasis of renal cell carcinoma and a systematic review of literature on it.

Case Report: In this case, an abdominal ultrasound in an asymptomatic 51-year-old female patient showed a mass in her left kidney. Radical nephrectomy was performed and the tumor was diagnosed as a stage 1 clear cell carcinoma. Throughout the 3 months of the follow-up period, the patient started complaining of visual disturbances and headaches. A pituitary mass was found on brain magnetic resonance imaging and was suspected to be a macroadenoma. Surgical resection of the tumor was performed and the final pathological diagnosis was made as a pituitary metastasis of the renal cell carcinoma. After surgery, radiotherapy with sunitinib, a receptor tyrosine inhibitor, was performed.

Conclusion: The clinical symptoms are usually related to the mass effect of the tumor and anterior pituitary involvement. Most of the cases mimic pituitary macroadenoma on MRI. The most preferred treatment combination is surgery and radiotherapy. We recommend adding sunitinib to this combination. This illustrative case and those found in a systematic review of the literature highlight the importance of histopathologic diagnosis and appropriate management since isolated pituitary metastasis is challenging to preoperative diagnosis.

Keywords: Pituitary metastasis, renal cell carcinoma, magnetic resonance imaging, treatment, Oncology, radiotherapy, surgery.

Graphical Abstract

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