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Drug Delivery Letters

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ISSN (Online): 2210-304X

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Review Article

Recent Reviews on Dendrimers as an Immunotherapy-based Nanosystem for the Effective Treatment of Cancer

Author(s): Mohit Kumar and Uttam Kumar Mandal*

Volume 12, Issue 4, 2022

Published on: 15 September, 2022

Page: [243 - 257] Pages: 15

DOI: 10.2174/2210303112666220422102459

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of mortality. A vast number of conventional chemotherapeutic agents are being used to treat cancer; however, these conventional chemotherapeutic agents kill both tumor and healthy cells.

Introduction: Cancer immunotherapy has gained tremendous attention and is being researched today to treat cancer. In the case of immunotherapy, the therapeutic techniques target only cancer cells. This therapy has very less side effects compared to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Nowadays, dendrimers as nanosystem carriers play a very crucial role in the field of immunotherapy.

Methods: Biomaterials such as poly(glycerol), PAMAM, carbohydrate-derived citric acid polyester (PGLSA-OH), polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly(propylene imine) (PPI), melamine, triagine, and phosphorhydrazone have been reported for the production of dendrimers. Dendritic-based nonocarriers are classified according to the size of the dendrimers moiety and their generation. They are also classified based on the presence of internal layers of dynamic dendritic scaffolds that interact with the drugs non-covalently.

Results: Dendrimers are being researched to deliver DNA drugs for antisense therapy. In certain circumstances, dendrimers like PPI or PAMAM have been employed to deliver non-viral genes. Dendrimers can interact with various forms of nucleic acids such as plasmid DNA, antisense oligonucleotides, and RNA to form complexes that protect the nucleic acid from degradation.

Conclusion: Dendrimers are promising candidates for improving the solubility and diminishing the toxic effect of anticancer drugs as well as for targeted delivery to cancer cells. Different types of dendrimers such as PAMAM-PEG dendrimers, triazine dendrimers, glycodendrimers, phosphorus dendrimers, and carbosilaneden dendrimers are being explored for commercial applications for cancer therapy, and so far, they have produced encouraging results.

Keywords: Cancer, immunotherapy, nanotechnology, dendrimers, antigen-presenting cells (APCs), lymphocytes.

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