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Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy

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ISSN (Print): 1574-888X
ISSN (Online): 2212-3946

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Review Article

Bioactive Molecule-incorporated Polymeric Electrospun Fibers for Bone Tissue Engineering

Author(s): Aarkampoondi Elumalai Purushothaman, Ranganathan Abhinandan, Senthilkumar Pranav Adithya, Dharmaraj Saleth Sidharthan, Kalimuthu Balagangadharan and Nagarajan Selvamurugan*

Volume 18, Issue 4, 2023

Published on: 13 September, 2022

Page: [470 - 486] Pages: 17

DOI: 10.2174/1574888X17666220414100358

Price: $65

Abstract

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is based on the participation and combination of different biomaterials, cells, and bioactive molecules to generate biosynthetic grafts for bone regeneration. Electrospinning has been used to fabricate fibrous scaffolds, which provide nanoscale architecture comprising interconnecting pores, resembling the natural hierarchy of tissues and enabling the formation of artificial functional tissues. Electrospun fibers for BTE applications have been mostly produced from polymers (chitosan, alginate, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid) and bioceramics (hydroxyapatite). Stem cells are among the most prolific cell types employed in regenerative medicine owing to their self-renewal and differentiation capacity. Most importantly, bioactive molecules, such as synthetic drugs, growth factors, and phytocompounds, are consistently used to regulate cell behavior inducing differentiation towards the osteoblast lineage. An expanding body of literature has provided evidence that these electrospun fibers loaded with bioactive molecules support the differentiation of stem cells towards osteoblasts. Thus, this review briefly describes the current development of polymers and bioceramic-based electrospun fibers and the influence of bioactive molecules in these electrospun fibers on bone tissue regeneration.

Keywords: Electrospinning, stem cells, growth factors, phytocompounds, bone tissue engineering, tissue regeneration.

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