Pharmacology and Ethnomedicinal Potential of Selected Plants Species
from Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)

G.      Das; S.      Das; A.D.      Talukdar; C.K.      Venil; S.      Bose; S.      Banerjee; H.-S.      Shin; E.P.      Gutiérrez-Grijalva; J.B.      Heredia; J.K.      Patra
doi:10.2174/1386207325666220406110404
Abstract

Background: The Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is one of the largest families in terms of species representation in the plant kingdom. It is also a prominent family in the field of phytochemicals and pharmacology. The family is also quite prominent in the production of spices and condiments and food supplements in nutrition, aside from the potential of species in the family to induce apoptotic, antimicrobial, antitumor, and hepatoprotective activities.
Objective: This work presents a detailed structural elucidation and functional aspects of phytochemicals from the Apiaceae or Umbelliferae family.
Methods: Furthermore, the application of members of this family in traditional and modern pharmacology is emphasized. This review also highlights the linkage of phytochemicals used in the conventional system of medication for the development of novel therapeutics through a chain of pre-clinical and clinical trials.
Conclusion: This study may represent a valuable step ahead in the clinical development of natural drugs for curing several ailments, including respiratory and virus-related diseases.
Keywords: Apiaceae, Umbelliferae, functional foods, pharmacology, anti-viral, clinical trials.
« Previous Next »
[1]
Sayed-Ahmad, B.; Talou, T.; Saad, Z.; Hijazi, A.; Merah, O. The Apiaceae: Ethnomedicinal family as source for industrial uses. Ind. Crops Prod.,  2017, 109, 661-671.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.09.027]

[2]
Aćimović M.G.; Kostadinović L.M.; Popović S.J.; Dojči-nović N.S. Apiaceae seeds as functional food. J. Agric. Sci.,  2015, 60(3), 237-246.

[3]
Avato, P.; Fanizzi, F.P.; Rosito, I. The genus thapsia as a source of petroselinic acid. Lipids,  2001, 36(8), 845-850.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11745-001-0794-5] [PMID:  11592737]

[4]
Lim, T.K. Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants; Springer: Newyork, 2012. 

[5]
Agrahari, P.; Singh, D.K. A review on the pharmacological aspects of Carum carvi. J. Biol. Earth Sci.,  2014, 4(1), M1-M13.

[6]
Derouich, M.; Bouhlali, E.D.T.; Hmidani, A.; Bammou, M.; Bourkhis, B.; Sellam, K.; Alem, C. Assessment of total poly-phenols, flavonoids and anti-inflammatory potential of three Apiaceae species grown in the Southeast of Morocco. Sci. Am.,  2020, 9, 507.

[7]
Tapsell, L.C.; Hemphill, I.; Cobiac, L.; Patch, C.S.; Sullivan, D.R.; Fenech, M.; Roodenrys, S.; Keogh, J.B.; Clifton, P.M.; Williams, P.G.; Fazio, V.A.; Inge, K.E. Health benefits of herbs and spices: The past, the present, the future. Med. J. Aust.,  2006, 185(S4), S1-S24.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00548.x] [PMID:  17022438]

[8]
Charles, D.J. Antioxidant properties of spices, herbs and other sources; Springer Science & Business Media: Newyork, 2012. 

[9]
Hromiš, N.M. Lazić V.L.; Markov, S.L.; Vaštag, Ž.G.; Po-pović S.Z.; Šuput, D.Z.; Dzinic, N. Improvement of antioxi-dant and antimicrobial activity of chitosan film with caraway and oregano essential oils. Acta Period. Technol.,  2014, (45), 33-43.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/APT1445033H]

[10]
Mohamed, S.H.; Zaky, W.M.; Kassem, J.M.; Abbas, H.M.; Salem, M.; Said-Al Ahl, H. Impact of antimicrobial properties of some essential oils on cheese yoghurt quality. World Appl. Sci. J.,  2013, 27(4), 497-507.

[11]
Anli, R.E.; Bayram, M. Traditional aniseed-flavored spirit drinks. Food Rev. Int.,  2010, 26(3), 246-269.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2010.484115]

[12]
Mousavi, Rs.; Mahasti, P.; Nateghi, L.; Mahalati, H. The sta-bilizing effect of dill extract on sunflower seed oil. J. Food Biosci. Technol,  2013, 3(3), 81-86.

[13]
Jana, S.; Shekhawat, G.S. Anethum graveolens: An Indian traditional medicinal herb and spice. Pharmacogn. Rev.,  2010, 4(8), 179-184.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.70915] [PMID:  22228959]

[14]
Bhat, Z.; Kumar, D.; Shah, M. Angelica archangelica Linn. Is an angel on earth for the treatment of diseases. Int. J. Nutr. Pharmacol. Neurol. Dis.,  2011, 1(1), 36.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2231-0738.77531]

[15]
Laribi, B.; Kouki, K.; M’Hamdi, M.; Bettaieb, T. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and its bioactive constituents. Fitoterapia,  2015, 103, 9-26.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2015.03.012] [PMID:  25776008]

[16]
Akbar, S. Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants: A Comprehen-sive Review of Their Traditional Medical Uses and Scientific Justifications; Springer Nature, 2020. 
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16807-0]

[17]
Peter, K. Handbook of herbs and spices; Woodhead publishing,; , 2006. 
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845691717]

[18]
Castro, A.; Bergenståhl, B.; Tornberg, E. Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L.): Dietary fibre composition and physicochemical characterization of its homogenized suspensions. Food Res. Int.,  2012, 48(2), 598-608.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2012.05.023]

[19]
Pae, H.O.; Oh, H.; Yun, Y.G.; Oh, G.S.; Jang, S.I.; Hwang, K.M.; Kwon, T.O.; Lee, H.S.; Chung, H.T. Imperatorin, a furanocoumarin from Angelica dahurica (Umbelliferae), in-duces cytochrome c-dependent apoptosis in human promye-locytic leukaemia, HL-60 Cells. Pharmacol. Toxicol.,  2002, 91(1), 40-48.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0773.2002.910107.x] [PMID:  12193260]

[20]
Naghibi, F.; Mosaddegh, M.; Mohammadi Motamed, M.; Ghorbani, A. Labiatae family in folk medicine in Iran: From ethnobotany to pharmacology. Iran. J. Pharm. Res.,  2010, 4(2), 63-79.

[21]
Mohammed, F.A.; Elkady, A.I.; Syed, F.Q.; Mirza, M.B.; Hakeem, K.R.; Alkarim, S. Anethum graveolens (dill) - A me-dicinal herb induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cell line. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2018, 219, 15-22.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.008] [PMID:  29530611]

[22]
Najaran, Z.T.; Hassanzadeh, M.K.; Nasery, M.; Emami, S.A. Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) Oils. Essential oils in food preservation, flavor and safety; Elsevier, 2016, pp. 405-412.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-416641-7.00045-6]

[23]
Mansouri, M.; Nayebi, N.; Keshtkar, A.; Hasani-Ranjbar, S.; Taheri, E.; Larijani, B. The effect of 12 weeks Anethum grav-eolens (dill) on metabolic markers in patients with metabolic syndrome; A randomized double blind controlled trial. Daru,  2012, 20(1), 47.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2008-2231-20-47] [PMID:  23351341]

[24]
Yazdanparast, R.; Alavi, M. Antihyperlipidaemic and antihy-percholesterolaemic effects of Anethum graveolens leaves af-ter the removal of furocoumarins. Cytobios,  2001, 105(410), 185-191.
 [PMID:  11409638]

[25]
Tamilarasi, R.; Sivanesan, D.; Kanimozhi, P. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant efficacy of Anethum graveolens Linn in car-bon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in Albino rats. J. Chem. Pharm. Res.,  2012, 4(4), 1885-1888.

[26]
Thuppia, A.; Jitvaropas, R.; Saenthaweesuk, S.; Somparn, N.; Kaulpiboon, J. Hepatoprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Anethum graveolens L. On paracetamol-induced hepatic damage in rats. Planta Med.,  2011, 77(12), PF18.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1282406]

[27]
Ali, W.S. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of Ane-thum graveolens against acetaminophen induced liver damage in rats. World J. Med. Sci.,  2013, 8(4), 387-392.

[28]
Kaur, G.J.; Arora, D.S. Antibacterial and phytochemical screening of Anethum graveolens, Foeniculum vulgare and Trachyspermum ammi. BMC Complement. Altern. Med.,  2009, 9(1), 30.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-9-30] [PMID:  19656417]

[29]
Lee, J-B.; Yamagishi, C.; Hayashi, K.; Hayashi, T. Antiviral and immunostimulating effects of lignin-carbohydrate-protein complexes from Pimpinella anisum. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.,  2011, 75(3), 459-465.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.100645] [PMID:  21389629]

[30]
Nair, R.; Chanda, S. Antibacterial activities of some medicinal plants of the western region of India. Turk. J. Biol.,  2007, 31(4), 231-236.

[31]
Yineger, H.; Kelbessa, E.; Bekele, T.; Lulekal, E. Plants used in traditional management of human ailments at Bale Moun-tains National Park, Southeastern Ethiopia. J. Med. Plants Res.,  2013, 2(6), 132-153.

[32]
Sõukand, R. Pieroni, A.; Biró, M.; Dénes, A.; Dogan, Y.; Hajdari, A.; Kalle, R.; Reade, B.; Mustafa, B.; Nedelcheva, A.; Quave, C.L.; Łuczaj, Ł. An ethnobotanical perspective on traditional fermented plant foods and beverages in Eastern Eu-rope. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2015, 170, 284-296.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.018] [PMID:  25985766]

[33]
Akgül, G.; Yılmaz, N.; Celep, A.; Celep, F.; Çakılcıoğlu, U. Ethnobotanical purposes of plants sold by herbalists and folk bazaars in the center of Cappadocica; Nevşehir: Turkey, 2016. 

[34]
Sõukand, R.; Pieroni, A. The importance of a border: Medi-cal, veterinary, and wild food ethnobotany of the Hutsuls liv-ing on the Romanian and Ukrainian sides of Bukovina. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2016, 185, 17-40.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.009] [PMID:  26965364]

[35]
Memariani, Z.; Gorji, N.; Moeini, R.; Farzaei, M.H. Tradition-al uses. Phytonutrients in food; Elsevier, 2020, pp. 23-66.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815354-3.00004-6]

[36]
Sargın, S.A.; Akçicek, E.; Selvi, S. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the local people of Alaşehir (Mani-sa) in Turkey. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2013, 150(3), 860-874.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.040] [PMID:  24126062]

[37]
Demoz, MS; Gachoki, KP; Mungai, KJ; Negusse, BG Ethnobotanical survey and preliminary phytochemical studies of plants traditionally used for diabetes in eritrea. European J. Med. Plant,  2015, 1-11.

[38]
Sharopov, F.S.; Wink, M.; Gulmurodov, I.S.; Isupov, S.; Zhang, H.; Setzer, W. Composition and bioactivity of the es-sential oil of Anethum graveolens L. From Tajikistan. Int. J. Med. Aromat. Plants,  2013, 3(2), 125-130.

[39]
Elgohary, A.; Shafaa, M.; Raafat, B.; Rizk, R.; Metwally, F.; Saleh, A. Prophylactic effect of Angelica archangelica against acute lead toxicity in albino rabbits. Rom. J. Biophys.,  2009, 19(4), 256-275.

[40]
Kumar, D.; Bhat, Z.A. Anti-anxiety activity of methanolic extracts of different parts of Angelica archangelica Linn. J. Tradit. Complement. Med.,  2012, 2(3), 235-241.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2225-4110(16)30105-5] [PMID:  24716138]

[41]
Kumar, D.; Bhat, Z.A.; Kumar, V.; Shah, M.Y. Coumarins from Angelica archangelica Linn. and their effects on anxie-ty-like behavior. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry,  2013, 40, 180-186.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.08.004] [PMID:  22960104]

[42]
Vashistha, R.K.; Chaturvedi, A.K.; Nautiyal, B.P.; Nautiyal, M.C. Vegetative propagation of Angelica glauca Edgew. and Angelica archangelica Linn.: Two high value medicinal and aromatic herbs of the Himalaya. Nat. Sci.,  2009, 7, 76-82.

[43]
Kooti, W.; Daraei, N. A review of the antioxidant activity of celery (Apium graveolens L). J. Evid. Based Complementary Altern. Med.,  2017, 22(4), 1029-1034.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587217717415] [PMID:  28701046]

[44]
Shanmugapriya, R.; Ushadevi, T. In vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Apium graveolens L. seed extracts. Int. J. Drug Dev. Res.,  2014, 6, 165-170.

[45]
Choosri, N.; Tanasawet, S.; Chonpathompikunlert, P.; Suk-ketsiri, W. Apium graveolens extract attenuates adjuvant in-duced arthritis by reducing oxidative stress. J. Food Biochem.,  2017, 41(1), e12276.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12276]

[46]
Moghadam, M.H.; Imenshahidi, M.; Mohajeri, S.A. Antihy-pertensive effect of celery seed on rat blood pressure in chronic administration. J. Med. Food,  2013, 16(6), 558-563.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2012.2664] [PMID:  23735001]

[47]
Al-Asmari, A.K.; Athar, M.T.; Kadasah, S.G. An updated phytopharmacological review on medicinal plant of Arab re-gion: Apium graveolens linn. Pharmacogn. Rev.,  2017, 11(21), 13-18.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/phrev.phrev_35_16] [PMID:  28503047]

[48]
Salehi, B.; Venditti, A.; Frezza, C.; Yücetepe, A. Altuntaş Ü.; Uluata, S. Apium plants: Beyond simple food and phyto-pharmacological applications. Appl. Sci. (Basel),  2019, 9(17), 3547.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173547]

[49]
Hardani, A.; Afzalzadeh, M.R.; Amirzargar, A.; Mansouri, E.; Meamar, Z. Effects of aqueous extract of celery (Apium grav-eolens L.) leaves on spermatogenesis in healthy male rats. Avicenna J. Phytomed.,  2015, 5(2), 113-119.
 [PMID:  25949952]

[50]
Kumar, S.; Mishra, M.; Wahab, N.; Warikoo, R. Larvicidal, repellent, and irritant potential of the seed-derived essential oil of Apium graveolens against dengue vector, Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). Front. Public Health,  2014, 2, 147.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00147] [PMID:  25279371]

[51]
Simic, A. Rančic, A.; Sokovic, M.D.; Ristic, M.; Grujic-Jovanovic, S.; Vukojevic, J.; Marin, P.D. Essential oil compo-sition of Cymbopogon winterianus. and Carum carvi. and their antimicrobial activities. Pharm. Biol.,  2008, 46(6), 437-441.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880200802055917]

[52]
Škrinjar, M.M. Mandić A.I.; Mišan, A.Č.; Sakač M.B.; Šarić, L.Ć.; Zec, M.M. Effect of mint (Mentha piperita L.) and caraway (Carum carvi L.) on the growth of some toxigenic Aspergillus species and aflatoxin B1 production. Zb. Matice Srp. Prir. Nauke,  2009, (116), 131-139.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ZMSPN0916131S]

[53]
Zaidi, S.F.; Muhammad, J.S.; Shahryar, S.; Usmanghani, K.; Gilani, A.H.; Jafri, W.; Sugiyama, T. Anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of selected Pakistani medicinal plants in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2012, 141(1), 403-410.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.03.001] [PMID:  22433535]

[54]
Moubarz, G.; Taha, M.M.; Mahdy-Abdallah, H. Antioxidant effect of Carum carvi on the immune status of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats infected with Staphylococcus aureus. World Appl. Sci. J.,  2014, 30(1), 63-69.

[55]
Abdel-Wahab, A.; Hashem Abdel-Razik, A-R.; Abdel Aziz, R.L. Rescue effects of aqueous seed extracts of Foeniculum vulgare and Carum carvi against cadmium-induced hepatic, renal and gonadal damage in female albino rats. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med.,  2017, 10(12), 1123-1133.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.10.019] [PMID:  29268967]

[56]
Meena, A.; Brijendra, S.; Yadav, A.; Uttam, S.; Ramanjeet, K.; Ayushy, S. Review on medicinal properties and bioactive constituents of herbal spices commonly used in India. J. Pharm. Res.,  2010, 3(4), 866-868.

[57]
Mahboubi, M. Caraway as important medicinal plants in management of diseases. Nat. Prod. Bioprospect.,  2019, 9(1), 1-11.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13659-018-0190-x] [PMID:  30374904]

[58]
Attokaran, M. Natural food flavors and colorants; John Wiley & Sons, 2017. 
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119114796]

[59]
Aissaoui, A.; El-Hilaly, J.; Israili, Z.H.; Lyoussi, B. Acute diuretic effect of continuous intravenous infusion of an aqueous extract of Coriandrum sativum L. in anesthetized rats. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2008, 115(1), 89-95.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.09.007] [PMID:  17961943]

[60]
Tang, E.L.; Rajarajeswaran, J.; Fung, S.Y.; Kanthimathi, M.S. Antioxidant activity of Coriandrum sativum and protection against DNA damage and cancer cell migration. BMC Complement. Altern. Med.,  2013, 13(1), 347.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-13-347] [PMID:  24517259]

[61]
Khan, S.W.; Khatoon, S. Ethnobotanical studies on some useful herbs of Haramosh and Bugrote valleys in Gilgit, northern areas of Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot.,  2008, 40(1), 43.

[62]
Ugulu, I.; Baslar, S.; Yorek, N.; Dogan, Y. The investigation and quantitative ethnobotanical evaluation of medicinal plants used around Izmir province, Turkey. J. Med. Plants Res.,  2009, 3(5), 345-367.

[63]
Otoom, S.A.; Al-Safi, S.A.; Kerem, Z.K.; Alkofahi, A. The use of medicinal herbs by diabetic Jordanian patients. J. Herb. Pharmacother.,  2006, 6(2), 31-41.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/J157v06n02_03] [PMID:  17182483]

[64]
Tahraoui, A.; El-Hilaly, J.; Israili, Z.H.; Lyoussi, B. Eth-nopharmacological survey of plants used in the traditional treatment of hypertension and diabetes in south-eastern Mo-rocco (Errachidia province). J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2007, 110(1), 105-117.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.09.011] [PMID:  17052873]

[65]
Cioanca, O.; Hritcu, L.; Mihasan, M.; Hancianu, M. Cogni-tive-enhancing and antioxidant activities of inhaled coriander volatile oil in amyloid β(1-42) rat model of Alzheimer’s dis-ease. Physiol. Behav.,  2013, 120, 193-202.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.08.006] [PMID:  23958472]

[66]
Rajeshwari, U.; Andallu, B. Medicinal benefits of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L). Spatula DD,  2011, 1(1), 51-58.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/spatula.20110106123153]

[67]
Ladan Moghadam, A.R. Chemical composition and antioxi-dant activity Cuminum cyminum L. essential oils. Int. J. Food Prop.,  2016, 19(2), 438-442.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2015.1038355]

[68]
Saee, Y.; Dadashi, M.; Eslami, G.; Goudarzi, H.; Taheri, S.; Fallah, F. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Cuminum cyminum essential oil and extract against bacterial strains iso-lated from patients with symptomatic urinary tract infection. Novelty Biomedicine.,  2016, 4(4), 147-152.

[69]
Khan, A.; Chen, H.; Tania, M. Zhang, DZ Anticancer activities of Nigella sativa (black cumin). Afr. J. Trad. Complement. Al-tern. Med,  2011, 8(5S), 226-232.

[70]
Majdalawieh, A.F.; Fayyad, M.W. Recent advances on the anti-cancer properties of Nigella sativa, a widely used food additive. J. Ayurveda Integr. Med.,  2016, 7(3), 173-180.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2016.07.004] [PMID:  27649635]

[71]
Yimer, EM; Tuem, KB; Karim, A.; Ur-Rehman, N. Anwar, F Nigella sativa L. (black cumin): A promising natural remedy for wide range of illnesses. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med.,  2019, 2019, 1528635.

[72]
Johri, R.K. Cuminum cyminum and Carum carvi: An update. Pharmacogn. Rev.,  2011, 5(9), 63-72.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.79101] [PMID:  22096320]

[73]
Singh, R.P.; Gangadharappa, H.; Mruthunjaya, K. Cuminum cyminum-A popular spice: An updated review. Pharmacogn. J.,  2017, 9, 292-301.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2017.3.51]

[74]
Srinivasan, K. Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds: Traditional uses, chemical constitu-ents, and nutraceutical effects. Food Quality Safety,  2018, 2(1), 1-16.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyx031]

[75]
Spinozzi, E.; Maggi, F.; Bonacucina, G.; Pavela, R.; Boukou-vala, M.C.; Kavallieratos, N.G.; Wilke, A.B. Apiaceae essen-tial oils and their constituents as insecticides against mosqui-toes-A review. Ind. Crops Prod.,  2021, 171, 113892.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113892]

[76]
Gilani, A.H.; Shaheen, E.; Saeed, S.A.; Bibi, S. Irfanullah; Sadiq, M.; Faizi, S. Hypotensive action of coumarin glyco-sides from Daucus carota. Phytomedicine,  2000, 7(5), 423-426.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(00)80064-1] [PMID:  11081994]

[77]
Puji, A.; Subagus, W.; Sri, S. Isolation and identification of free radicals scavenger from Daucus carota L leaves. Trad. Med. J.,  2014, 19(3), 142-148.

[78]
Al-Snafi, A. Nutritional and therapeutic importance of Daucus carota-A review. IOSR J. Pharm.,  2017, 7(2), 72-88.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3013-0702017288]

[79]
Zhang, D.; Hamauzu, Y. Phenolic compounds and their anti-oxidant properties in different tissues of carrots (Daucus carota L.). J. Food Agric. Environ.,  2004, 2, 95-100.

[80]
Jain, P.K.; Khurana, N.; Pounikar, Y.; Patil, S.; Gajbhiye, A. Hepatoprotective effect of carrot (Daucus carota L.) on para-cetamol intoxicated rats. Int. J. Pharmacol. Pharm. Technol.,  2012, 1(2), 17-22.

[81]
Alves-Silva, J.M.; Zuzarte, M.; Gonçalves, M.J.; Cavaleiro, C.; Cruz, M.T.; Cardoso, S.M.; Salgueiro, L. New claims for wild carrot (Daucus carota subsp. carota) essential oil. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med.,  2016, 2016, 9045196.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9045196] [PMID:  26981143]

[82]
Jiin, W.H.; Hidayat, E.M.; Lukman, K.A. Gastroprotective effect of carrot (Daucus carota L.) juice in rat models. Althea Med. J.,  2014, 1(1), 35-39.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.15850/amj.v1n1.295]

[83]
Diao, W-R.; Hu, Q-P.; Zhang, H.; Xu, J-G. Chemical composi-tion, antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of essen-tial oil from seeds of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Food Control,  2014, 35(1), 109-116.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.06.056]

[84]
Mota, A.S.; Martins, M.R.; Arantes, S.; Lopes, V.R.; Betten-court, E.; Pombal, S.; Gomes, A.C.; Silva, L.A. Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of the essential oils of Por-tuguese Foeniculum vulgare fruits. Nat. Prod. Commun.,  2015, 10(4), 673-676.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1501000437] [PMID:  25973507]

[85]
Choi, E.M.; Hwang, J.K. Antiinflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activities of the fruit of Foeniculum vulgare. Fitoterapia,  2004, 75(6), 557-565.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2004.05.005] [PMID:  15351109]

[86]
Matthäus, B.; Musazcan Özcan, M. Oil content, fatty acid composition and distributions of vitamin-E-active com-pounds of some fruit seed oils. Antioxidants,  2015, 4(1), 124-133.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox4010124] [PMID:  26785341]

[87]
Badgujar, S.B.; Patel, V.V.; Bandivdekar, A.H. Foeniculum vulgare Mill: A review of its botany, phytochemistry, phar-macology, contemporary application, and toxicology. BioMed Res. Int.,  2014, 2014, 842674.

[88]
Rahimi, R.; Ardekani, M.R.S. Medicinal properties of Foenic-ulum vulgare Mill in traditional Iranian medicine and modern phytotherapy. Chin. J. Integr. Med.,  2013, 19(1), 73-79.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11655-013-1327-0] [PMID:  23275017]

[89]
Rather, M.A.; Dar, B.A.; Sofi, S.N.; Bhat, B.A.; Qurishi, M.A. Foeniculum vulgare: A comprehensive review of its tradition-al use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety. Arab. J. Chem.,  2016, 9, S1574-S1583.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.04.011]

[90]
Aćimović M.G.; Tešević V.; Todosijević M.; Djisalov, J.; Oljaca, S. Compositional characteristics of the essential oil of Pimpinella anisum and Foeniculum vulgare grown in Serbia. Bot. Serb.,  2015, 39(1), 9-14.

[91]
Mirjalili, M.H.; Salehi, P.; Sonboli, A.; Hadian, J.; Ebrahimi, S.N.; Yousefzadi, M. The composition and antibacterial activ-ity of the essential oil of Levisticum officinale Koch. flowers and fruits at different developmental stages. J. Serb. Chem. Soc.,  2010, 75(12), 1661-1669.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/JSC100524126M]

[92]
Ebrahimi, A.; Eshraghi, A.; Mahzoonieh, M.R.; Lotfalian, S. Antibacterial and antibiotic-potentiation activities of Levisti-cum officinale L. Extracts on pathogenic bacteria. Int. J. Infection,  2017, 4(2), e38768.

[93]
Mohamadi, N.; Rajaei, P.; Moradalizadeh, M.; Amiri, M. Es-sential oil composition and antioxidant activity of Levisticum officinale Koch. at various phenological stages. J. Med. Plant.,  2017, 1(61), 45-55.

[94]
Cain, N.; Darbyshire, S.J.; Francis, A.; Nurse, R.E.; Simard, M-J. The biology of Canadian weeds. 144. Pastinaca sativa L. Can. J. Plant Sci.,  2010, 90(2), 217-240.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/CJPS09110]

[95]
Skalicka-Woźniak, K.; Zagaja, M.; Głowniak, K.; Łuszczki, J.J. Purification and anticonvulsant activity of xanthotoxin (8-methoxypsoralen). Cent. Eur. J. Biol.,  2014, 9(4), 431-436.

[96]
Nikolić M.; Markovic, T.; Ćirić A.; Glamočlija, J.; Marković D.; Soković M. Susceptibility of oral Candida spp. reference strains and clinical isolates to selected essential oils of Apiaceae species. Lekovite Sirovine,  2015, 35(35), 151-162.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/leksir1535151N]

[97]
Zhang, H.; Chen, F.; Wang, X.; Yao, H-Y. Evaluation of anti-oxidant activity of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) essential oil and identification of its antioxidant constituents. Food Res. Int.,  2006, 39(8), 833-839.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2006.03.007]

[98]
Tang, E.L.; Rajarajeswaran, J.; Fung, S.; Kanthimathi, M.S. Petroselinum crispum has antioxidant properties, protects against DNA damage and inhibits proliferation and migration of cancer cells. J. Sci. Food Agric.,  2015, 95(13), 2763-2771.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7078] [PMID:  25582089]

[99]
Al-Howiriny, T.; Al-Sohaibani, M.; El-Tahir, K.; Rafatullah, S. Preliminary evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-hepatotoxic activities of parsley Petroselinum crispum in rats. J. Nat. Rem.,  2003, 3(1), 54-62.

[100]
Agyare, C.; Appiah, T.; Boakye, Y.D.; Apenteng, J.A. Pe-troselinum crispum: A review. Medicinal spices and vegetables from Africa; Elsevier, 2017, pp. 527-547.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809286-6.00025-X]

[101]
Eddouks, M.; Maghrani, M.; Lemhadri, A.; Ouahidi, M-L.; Jouad, H. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiac diseases in the south-east region of Morocco (Tafila-let). J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2002, 82(2-3), 97-103.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00164-2] [PMID:  12241983]

[102]
Montesano, V.; Negro, D.; Sarli, G.; De Lisi, A.; Laghetti, G.; Hammer, K. Notes about the uses of plants by one of the last healers in the Basilicata region (South Italy). J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed.,  2012, 8(1), 15.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-8-15] [PMID:  22546322]

[103]
Aghili, M. Makhzan-al-advia; Tehran University of Medical Sciences: Tehran, 2009, p. 328.

[104]
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences: Tehran , 2007; p. 129.

[105]
Aljanaby, A.A.J.J. Antibacterial activity of an aqueous extract of Petroselinum crispum leaves against pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients with burns infections in Al-najaf Gov-ernorate, Iraq. Res. Chem. Intermed.,  2013, 39(8), 3709-3714.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11164-012-0874-5]

[106]
Benítez, G.; González-Tejero, M.R.; Molero-Mesa, J. Pharma-ceutical ethnobotany in the western part of Granada province (southern Spain): Ethnopharmacological synthesis. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2010, 129(1), 87-105.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.02.016] [PMID:  20226847]

[107]
Šavikin, K. Zdunić G.; Menković N.; Zivković J.; Cujić N.; Tereščenko, M.; Bigović D. Ethnobotanical study on tradi-tional use of medicinal plants in South-Western Serbia, Zlati-bor district. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2013, 146(3), 803-810.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.02.006] [PMID:  23422337]

[108]
Balbino, S. Repajić M.; Obranović M.; Medved, A.M.; Tonković P.; Dragović-Uzelac, V. Characterization of lipid fraction of Apiaceae family seed spices: Impact of species and extraction method. J. Appl. Res. Med. Aromat. Plants,  2021, 100326, 100326.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2021.100326]

[109]
Shobha, R.; Rajeshwari, C.; Andallu, B. Anti-peroxidative and anti-diabetic activities of aniseeds (Pimpinella anisum L.) and identification of bioactive compounds. Ame. J. Phytomed. Clin. Ther.,  2013, 1(5), 516-527.

[110]
Kadan, S.; Rayan, M.; Rayan, A. Anticancer activity of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) seed extract. Open Nutraceuticals J.,  2013, 6(1), 1-6.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876396001306010001]

[111]
Shojaii, A; Abdollahi Fard, M. Review of pharmacological properties and chemical constituents of Pimpinella anisum. ISRN Pharmaceutics,  2012, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/510795.

[112]
Amer, A.M.; Aly, U.I. Antioxidant and antibacterial proper-ties of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Egyptian Pharma. J,  2019, 18(1), 68-71.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_44_18]

[113]
Wang, G-W.; Hu, W-T.; Huang, B-K.; Qin, L-P. Illicium verum: A review on its botany, traditional use, chemistry and pharmacology. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2011, 136(1), 10-20.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.051] [PMID:  21549817]

[114]
Ibrahim, M.K.; Mattar, Z.A.; Abdel-Khalek, H.H.; Azzam, Y.M. Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of anise wastes against some multidrug resistant bacterial isolates. J. Radia-tion Res. Appl. Sci.,  2017, 10(1), 34-43.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2016.11.002]

[115]
Nikfarjam, M.; Bahmani, M.; Heidari-Soureshjani, S. Phyto-therapy for anxiety in Iran: A review of the most important anti-anxiety medicinal plants. J. Chem. Pharma. Sci.,  2016, 9, 1235-1241.

[116]
Uysal, H.; Kara, A.A.; Algur, O.F.; Dumlupinar, R.; Aydogan, M.N. Recovering effects of aqueous extracts of some selected medical plants on the teratogenic effects during the develop-ment of D. melanogaster. Pak. J. Biol. Sci.,  2007, 10(10), 1708-1712.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2007.1708.1712] [PMID:  19086522]

[117]
Aćimović M.G. Nutraceutical potential of Apiaceae. In: Bio-active Molecules in Food; Mérillon, J-M.; Ramawat, K.G., Eds.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2017; pp. 1-31.

[118]
Yao, Y.; Sang, W.; Zhou, M.; Ren, G. Phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of 11 celery cultivars. J. Food Sci.,  2010, 75(1), C9-C13.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01392.x] [PMID:  20492156]

[119]
Rajeshwari, C.; Andallu, B. Isolation and simultaneous detec-tion of flavonoids in the methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Coriandrum sativum L. seeds by RP-HPLC. Pak. J. Food Sci.,  2011, 21(1-4), 13-21.

[120]
Dua, A.; Garg, G.; Mahajan, R. Polyphenols, flavonoids and antimicrobial properties of methanolic extract of fennel (Foe-niculum vulgare Miller). Eur. J. Exp. Biol.,  2013, 3(4), 203-208.

[121]
Tomsone, L.; Kruma, Z.; Talou, T.; Zhao, T.M. Natural anti-oxidants of horseradish and lovage extracted by accelerated solvent extraction. J. Hygienic Engineer. Design,  2015, 10, 16-24.

[122]
Faisal, N.A.; Chatha, S.A.S.; Hussain, A.I.; Ikram, M.; Bukha-ri, S.A. Liaison of phenolic acids and biological activity of escalating cultivars of Daucus carota. Int. J. Food Prop.,  2017, 20(11), 2782-2792.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2016.1252390]

[123]
Martins, N.; Barros, L.; Santos-Buelga, C.; Ferreira, I.C.F.R. Antioxidant potential of two Apiaceae plant extracts: A com-parative study focused on the phenolic composition. Ind. Crops Prod.,  2016, 79, 188-194.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.11.018]

[124]
Nambiar, V.S.; Daniel, M.; Guin, P. Characterization of poly-phenols from coriander leaves (Coriandrum sativum), red amaranthus (A. paniculatus) and green amaranthus (A. fru-mentaceus) using paper chromatography and their health im-plications. J. Herb. Med. Toxicol.,  2010, 4(1), 173-177.

[125]
Barros, L.; Dueñas, M.; Dias, M.I.; Sousa, M.J.; Santos-Buelga, C.; Ferreira, I.C.F.R. Phenolic profiles of in vivo and in vitro grown Coriandrum sativum L. Food Chem.,  2012, 132(2), 841-848.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.048] [PMID:  23107699]

[126]
Bettaieb, I.; Bourgou, S.; Wannes, W.A.; Hamrouni, I.; Limam, F.; Marzouk, B. Essential oils, phenolics, and antiox-idant activities of different parts of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). J. Agric. Food Chem.,  2010, 58(19), 10410-10418.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf102248j] [PMID:  20809647]

[127]
Azizi, M.; Davareenejad, G.; Bos, R.; Woerdenbag, H.J.; Kay-ser, O. Essential oil content and constituents of black zira (Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch.) from Iran during field cultivation (Domestication). J. Essent. Oil Res.,  2009, 21(1), 78-82.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700117]

[128]
Sahaf, B.Z.; Moharramipour, S.; Meshkatalsadat, M.H. Chem-ical constituents and fumigant toxicity of essential oil from Carum copticum against two stored product beetles. Insect Sci.,  2007, 14(3), 213-218.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7917.2007.00146.x]

[129]
Park, I-K.; Kim, J.; Lee, S-G.; Shin, S-C. Nematicidal activity of plant essential oils and components from Ajowan (Tra-chyspermum ammi), Allspice (Pimenta dioica) and Litsea (Litsea cubeba) essential oils against pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus). J. Nematol.,  2007, 39(3), 275-279.
 [PMID:  19259498]

[130]
Evergetis, E.; Michaelakis, A.; Kioulos, E.; Koliopoulos, G.; Haroutounian, S.A. Chemical composition and larvicidal ac-tivity of essential oils from six Apiaceae family taxa against the West Nile virus vector Culex pipiens. Parasitol. Res.,  2009, 105(1), 117-124.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-009-1370-8] [PMID:  19242724]

[131]
Evergetis, E.; Michaelakis, A.; Haroutounian, S.A. Essential oils of Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) family taxa as emerging po-tent agents for mosquito control. Integrated Pest Management and Pest Control - Current and Future Tactics; Soloneski, S., Ed.; InTech, 2012, pp. 613-638.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/31777]

[132]
Rana, V.S.; Blazquez, M.A. Chemical composition of the essential oil of Anethum graveolens aerial parts. J. Essent. Oil-Bear. Plants,  2014, 17(6), 1219-1223.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2014.894894]

[133]
Aćimović M.G.; Pavlović S.Đ; Varga, A.O.; Filipović V.M.; Cvetković M.T.; Stanković J.M.; Čabarkapa, I.S. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Angelica archangeli-ca root essential oil. Nat. Prod. Commun.,  2017, 12(2), 205-206.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1701200216] [PMID:  30428212]

[134]
Romeilah, R.M.; Fayed, S.A.; Mahmoud, G.I. Chemical com-positions, antiviral and antioxidant activities of seven essen-tial oils. J. Appl. Sci. Res.,  2010, 6(1), 50-62.

[135]
Choi, H-S.; Kim, M-S.L.; Sawamura, M. Constituents of the essential oil of Cnidium officinale Makino, a Korean medici-nal plant. Flavour Fragrance J.,  2002, 17(1), 49-53.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1038]

[136]
Khalfallah, A.; Labed, A.; Semra, Z.; Kaki, B.; Kabouche, A.; Touzani, R. Antibacterial activity and chemical composition of the essential oil of Ammi visnaga L.(Apiaceae) from Con-stantine, Algeria. Int. J. Med. Aromat. Plants,  2011, 1(3), 302-305.

[137]
Sellami, I.H.; Bettaieb, I.; Bourgou, S.; Dahmani, R.; Limam, F.; Marzouk, B. Essential oil and aroma composition of leaves, stalks and roots of celery (Apium graveolens var. dul-ce) from Tunisia. J. Essent. Oil Res.,  2012, 24(6), 513-521.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.728093]

[138]
Baser, K.H.C.; Demirçakmak, B.; Ermin, N.; Demirci, F.; Boydag, I. The essential oil of Bifora radians Bieb. J. Essent. Oil Res.,  1998, 10(4), 451-452.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1998.9700941]

[139]
Aksakal, Ö.; Uysal, H.; Çolak, D.A.; Mete, E. Inhibition ef-fects of essential oil of Cymbocarpum erythraeum (Dc.) Boiss., on percentage of survival from larvae to adult in Dro-sophila melanogaster and its chemical composition. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi.,  2012, 3(1), 32-36.

[140]
Gohil, K.J.; Patel, J.A.; Gajjar, A.K. Pharmacological review on Centella asiatica: A herbal potential cure-all. Indian J. Pharm. Sci.,  2010, 72(5), 546-556.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.78519] [PMID:  21694984]

[141]
Yoosook, C.; Bunyapraphatsara, N.; Boonyakiat, Y.; Kantasuk, C. Anti-herpes simplex virus activities of crude water extracts of Thai medicinal plants. Phytomedicine,  2000, 6(6), 411-419.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(00)80068-9] [PMID:  10715843]

[142]
Iranshahy, M.; Iranshahi, M. Traditional uses, phytochemis-try and pharmacology of asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida oleo-gum-resin)-a review. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2011, 134(1), 1-10.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.067] [PMID:  21130854]

[143]
Rollinger, J.M.; Steindl, T.M.; Schuster, D.; Kirchmair, J.; Anrain, K.; Ellmerer, E.P.; Langer, T.; Stuppner, H.; Wutzler, P.; Schmidtke, M. Structure-based virtual screening for the discovery of natural inhibitors for human rhinovirus coat protein. J. Med. Chem.,  2008, 51(4), 842-851.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm701494b] [PMID:  18247552]

[144]
Huang, L.; Kashiwada, Y.; Cosentino, L.M.; Fan, S.; Lee, K-H. 3′,4′-Di-o-(−)-camphanoyl-(+)-ciskhellactone and related compounds: A new class of potent anti-HIV agents. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.,  1994, 4(4), 593-598.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(01)80161-X]

[145]
Rathore, S.; Saxena, S.; Singh, B. Potential health benefits of major seed spices. Int. J. Seed Spices,  2013, 3(2), 1-12.

[146]
Lee, C-L.; Chiang, L-C.; Cheng, L-H.; Liaw, C-C.; Abd El-Razek, M.H.; Chang, F-R.; Wu, Y.C.; Influenza, A.H. (1)N(1) antiviral and cytotoxic agents from Ferula assafoetida. J. Nat. Prod.,  2009, 72(9), 1568-1572.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np900158f] [PMID:  19691312]

[147]
Upadhyay, P.K. Pharmacological activities and therapeutic uses of resins obtained from Ferula asafoetida Linn.: A re-view. Int. J. Green Pharm.,  2017, 11(02), 1-6.

[148]
Guo, Y.; Sha, M.; Meng, X.; Cao, A. The anti-viral studies of Notopterygium incisum. Lishizhen Med. Materia Medica Res.,  2005, 3, 1-5.

[149]
Wang, X.; Jia, W.; Zhao, A.; Wang, X. Anti-influenza agents from plants and traditional Chinese medicine. Phytother. Res.,  2006, 20(5), 335-341.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1892] [PMID:  16619359]

[150]
Chen, J.; Duan, M.; Zhao, Y.; Ling, F.; Xiao, K.; Li, Q.; Li, B.; Lu, C.; Qi, W.; Zeng, Z.; Liao, M.; Liu, Y.; Chen, W. Sai-kosaponin a inhibits influenza a virus replication and lung immunopathology. Oncotarget,  2015, 6(40), 42541-42556.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.6448] [PMID:  26637810]

[151]
Cheng, P.W.; Ng, L.T.; Chiang, L.C.; Lin, C.C. Antiviral ef-fects of saikosaponins on human coronavirus 229E in vitro. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol.,  2006, 33(7), 612-616.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04415.x] [PMID:  16789928]

[152]
Kleiner, H.E.; Vulimiri, S.V.; Miller, L.; Johnson, W.H., Jr; Whitman, C.P.; DiGiovanni, J. Oral administration of natural-ly occurring coumarins leads to altered phase I and II enzyme activities and reduced DNA adduct formation by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in various tissues of SENCAR mice. Carcinogenesis,  2001, 22(1), 73-82.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/22.1.73] [PMID:  11159744]

[153]
Garga, C.; Khan, S.; Ansari, S.; Suman, A.; Garg, M. Chemical composition, therapeutic potential and perspectives of Foe-niculum vulgare. Pharmacogn. Rev.,  2009, 3(6), 346-350.

[154]
Kooti, W.; Moradi, M.; Ali-Akbari, S.; Sharafi-Ahvazi, N.; Asadi-Samani, M.; Ashtary-Larky, D. Therapeutic and phar-macological potential of Foeniculum vulgare Mill: A review. J. Herb. Med. Pharmacol,  2015, 4(1), 1-9.

[155]
Nalini, N.; Manju, V.; Menon, V.P. Effect of spices on lipid metabolism in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon car-cinogenesis. J. Med. Food,  2006, 9(2), 237-245.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2006.9.237] [PMID:  16822210]

[156]
Park, B.C.; Bosire, K.O.; Lee, E-S.; Lee, Y.S.; Kim, J-A. Asi-atic acid induces apoptosis in SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells. Cancer Lett.,  2005, 218(1), 81-90.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2004.06.039] [PMID:  15639343]

[157]
Sumorek-Wiadro, J. Zając, A.; Maciejczyk, A.; Jakubowicz-Gil, J. Furanocoumarins in anticancer therapy - For and against. Fitoterapia,  2020, 142, 104492.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104492] [PMID:  32032635]

[158]
Awale, S.; Nakashima, E.M.; Kalauni, S.K.; Tezuka, Y.; Ku-rashima, Y.; Lu, J.; Esumi, H.; Kadota, S. Angelmarin, a nov-el anti-cancer agent able to eliminate the tolerance of cancer cells to nutrient starvation. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.,  2006, 16(3), 581-583.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.10.046] [PMID:  16288865]

[159]
Lin, L.; Qian, X.; Liu, B.; Hu, J.; Hu, W.; Zhang, G. Experi-mental study of Angelica pubescens and osthole isolated from Angelica pubescens anti-tumor activity in vitro. Modern On-col.,  2013, 9(21), 1930-1932.

[160]
Zhou, Y.; Zhao, W.; Xie, G.; Huang, M.; Hu, M.; Jiang, X.; Zeng, D.; Liu, J.; Zhou, H.; Chen, H.; Wang, G.H.; Zhang, X.K. Induction of Nur77-dependent apoptotic pathway by a coumarin derivative through activation of JNK and p38 MAPK. Carcinogenesis,  2014, 35(12), 2660-2669.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgu186] [PMID:  25187486]

[161]
Zheng, G.Q.; Kenney, P.M.; Zhang, J.; Lam, L.K. Inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene-induced tumorigenesis by myristicin, a volatile aroma constituent of parsley leaf oil. Carcinogenesis,  1992, 13(10), 1921-1923.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/13.10.1921] [PMID:  1423855]

[162]
Kang, T.J.; Lee, S.Y.; Singh, R.P.; Agarwal, R.; Yim, D.S. Anti-tumor activity of oxypeucedanin from Ostericum kore-anum against human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells. Acta Oncol.,  2009, 48(6), 895-900.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841860902824925] [PMID:  19322700]

[163]
Abdallah, H.M.; Al-Abd, A.M.; El-Dine, R.S.; El-Halawany, A.M. P-glycoprotein inhibitors of natural origin as potential tumor chemo-sensitizers: A review. J. Adv. Res.,  2015, 6(1), 45-62.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2014.11.008] [PMID:  25685543]

[164]
Önder, A. Anticancer activity of natural coumarins for biological targets. Stud. Nat. Prod. Chem; Elsevier, 2020, 64, pp. 85-109.

[165]
Mahendra, P.; Bisht, S. Ferula asafoetida: Traditional uses and pharmacological activity. Pharmacogn. Rev.,  2012, 6(12), 141-146.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.99948] [PMID:  23055640]

[166]
Ozbek, H. Uğraş S.; Dülger, H.; Bayram, I.; Tuncer, I.; Oztürk, G.; Oztürk, A. Hepatoprotective effect of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil. Fitoterapia,  2003, 74(3), 317-319.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(03)00028-5] [PMID:  12727504]

[167]
Amalraj, A.; Gopi, S. Biological activities and medicinal prop-erties of Asafoetida: A review. J. Tradit. Complement. Med.,  2016, 7(3), 347-359.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.11.004] [PMID:  28725631]

[168]
Ezzat, S.M.; Abdallah, H.M.; Fawzy, G.A.; El-Maraghy, S.A. Hepatoprotective constituents of Torilis radiata Moench (Apiaceae). Nat. Prod. Res.,  2012, 26(3), 282-285.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2011.587422] [PMID:  21867456]

[169]
Ahmed, B.; Alam, T.; Varshney, M.; Khan, S.A. Hepatopro-tective activity of two plants belonging to the Apiaceae and the Euphorbiaceae family. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2002, 79(3), 313-316.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00392-0] [PMID:  11849834]

[170]
Mahmoud, A.M.; Germoush, M.O.; Alotaibi, M.F.; Hussein, O.E. Possible involvement of Nrf2 and PPARγ up-regulation in the protective effect of umbelliferone against cyclophos-phamide-induced hepatotoxicity. Biomed. Pharmacother.,  2017, 86, 297-306.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.047] [PMID:  28011377]

[171]
Hu, S.; Li, S.W.; Yan, Q.; Hu, X.P.; Li, L.Y.; Zhou, H.; Pan, L.X.; Li, J.; Shen, C.P.; Xu, T. Natural products, extracts and formulations comprehensive therapy for the improvement of motor function in alcoholic liver disease. Pharmacol. Res.,  2019, 150, 104501.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104501] [PMID:  31689520]

[172]
Wang, F.; Liu, J.C.; Zhou, R.J.; Zhao, X.; Liu, M.; Ye, H.; Xie, M.L. Apigenin protects against alcohol-induced liver injury in mice by regulating hepatic CYP2E1-mediated oxidative stress and PPARα-mediated lipogenic gene expression. Chem. Biol. Interact.,  2017, 275, 171-177.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2017.08.006] [PMID:  28803762]

[173]
Rostampur, S.H.; Feizi, M.A.B.; Khojasteh, S.M.; Daluchi, F. Heracleum persicum extract improves cyclophosphamide-induced liver toxicity and oxidative stress in male rats. Adv. Herbal Med.,  2017, 3(2), 29-35.

[174]
Singh, S.P. A comprehensive review on pharmacological activity of Foeniculum vulgara. Global J. Pharma. Pharma-ceut. Sci.,  2019, 7(1), 1-5.

[175]
Kataoka, H.; Horiyama, S.; Yamaki, M.; Oku, H.; Ishiguro, K.; Katagi, T.; Takayama, M.; Semma, M.; Ito, Y. Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities of hydroxylamine and related compounds. Biol. Pharm. Bull.,  2002, 25(11), 1436-1441.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.25.1436] [PMID:  12419955]

[176]
Valady, A.; Nasri, S.; Abbasi, N.; Amin, G. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of hydroalcoholic extract from the seed of Anethum graveolens L. Faslnamah-i Giyahan-i Daruyi,  2010, 9, 130-124.

[177]
Vijayasteltar, L.; Jismy, I.J.; Joseph, A.; Maliakel, B.; Kuttan, R. i M, K. Beyond the flavor: A green formulation of Ferula asafoetida oleo-gum-resin with fenugreek dietary fibre and its gut health potential. Toxicol. Rep.,  2017, 4, 382-390.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.06.012] [PMID:  28959663]

[178]
Nasser, M.I.; Zhu, S.; Hu, H.; Huang, H.; Guo, M.; Zhu, P. Effects of imperatorin in the cardiovascular system and can-cer. Biomed. Pharmacother.,  2019, 120, 109401.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109401] [PMID:  31622950]

[179]
Tas, A.; Özbek, H.; Atasoy, N.; Altug, M.E.; Ceylan, E. Eval-uation of analgesic and antiinflammatory activity of Pimpinel-la anisum fixed oil extract. Ind. Veter. J,  2006, 83(8), S840-S843.

[180]
Ma, J.; Huang, J.; Hua, S.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Li, T.; Dong, L.; Gao, Q.; Fu, X. The ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Angelica biserrata - A review. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2019, 231, 152-169.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.040] [PMID:  30408534]

[181]
Cai-Yu, Z.; Ben-Gang, Z.; Xiu-Wei, Y. Studies on the chemi-cal constituents of the root of Angelica pubescens f. biserrata. Pharma. J. Chinese People’s Liberation Army.,  2007, (4), 2.

[182]
Li, X.; Wang, J.; Gao, L. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of R.A.P. (Radix Angelicae Pubescentis) ethanol ex-tracts. Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med.,  2013, 10(3), 422-426.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v10i3.6] [PMID:  24146469]

[183]
Chen, Y.F.; Tsai, H.Y.; Wu, T.S. Anti-inflammatory and anal-gesic activities from roots of Angelica pubescens. Planta Med.,  1995, 61(1), 2-8.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957987] [PMID:  7700984]

[184]
Lu, J.; Fang, K.; Wang, S.; Xiong, L.; Zhang, C.; Liu, Z.; Guan, X.; Zheng, R.; Wang, G.; Zheng, J.; Wang, F. Anti-inflammatory effect of columbianetin on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mediators Inflamm.,  2018, 2018, 9191743.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9191743] [PMID:  29849500]

[185]
Hajhashemi, V.; Sajjadi, S.E.; Heshmati, M. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Heracleum persicum essential oil and hydroalcoholic extract in animal models. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2009, 124(3), 475-480.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.05.012] [PMID:  19467316]

[186]
Menichini, F.; Tundis, R.; Loizzo, M.R.; Bonesi, M.; Marrelli, M.; Statti, G.A.; Menichini, F.; Conforti, F. Acetylcholinester-ase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition of ethanolic extract and monoterpenes from Pimpinella anisoides V Brig. (Apiaceae). Fitoterapia,  2009, 80(5), 297-300.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2009.03.008] [PMID:  19351555]

[187]
Jiao, Y.; Hu, Y.; Zhang, X.; Sun, D.; Zhano, D.; Hao, H. The neuroprotective effect of total coumarine of Angelica pubes-centis on APP/PS1 double transgenic AD model mouse. Pharmacol. Clin. Chin. Mater. Med,  2014, 30, 67-70.

[188]
Gu, R.; Liu, R. Zhang, L Antagonist effect of Angelica on neurotoxicity induced by β-amyloid pepitide in SH-SY5Y cells (J). Lishizhen. Med. Mater. Med. Res,  2008, 19(7), 1554-1556.

[189]
Lu, Y.; Wu, H.; Yu, X.; Zhang, X.; Luo, H.; Tang, L.; Wang, Z. Traditional chinese medicine of Angelicae pubescentis ra-dix: A review of phytochemistry, pharmacology and pharma-cokinetics. Front. Pharmacol.,  2020, 11, 335.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00335] [PMID:  32256373]

[190]
Man-di, Z. Cai-xia CJ-pW. The experimental study of the intervention effect of duhuo on immune damage of model rats suffering from alzheimer liaoning. J. Tradit. Chin. Med.,  2011, (10), 77.

[191]
Seong, S.H.; Ali, M.Y.; Jung, H.A.; Choi, J.S. Umbelliferone derivatives exert neuroprotective effects by inhibiting mono-amine oxidase A, self-amyloidβ aggregation, and lipid perox-idation. Bioorg. Chem.,  2019, 92, 103293.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103293] [PMID:  31557622]

[192]
Karakaya, S.; Bingol, Z.; Koca, M.; Dagoglu, S. Pınar, N.M.; Demirci, B.; Gulcin, İ.; Brestic, M.; Sytar, O. Identification of non-alkaloid natural compounds of Angelica purpurascens (Avé-Lall.) Gilli. (Apiaceae) with cholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase inhibition potential. Saudi Pharm. J.,  2020, 28(1), 1-14.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2019.11.001] [PMID:  31920428]

[193]
Saleem, F.; Sarkar, D.; Ankolekar, C.; Shetty, K. Phenolic bioactive and associated antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic functions of select species of Apiaceae family targeting for type 2 diabetes relevant nutraceuticals. Ind. Crops Prod.,  2017, 107, 518-525.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.06.023]

[194]
Homayouni Moghadam, F.; Dehghan, M.; Zarepur, E.; Dehla-vi, R.; Ghaseminia, F.; Ehsani, S.; Mohammadzadeh, G.; Bar-zegar, K. Oleo gum resin of Ferula assa-foetida L. amelio-rates peripheral neuropathy in mice. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2014, 154(1), 183-189.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.069] [PMID:  24709312]

[195]
Zarmouh, N.O.; Messeha, S.S.; Elshami, F.M.; Soliman, K.F. Natural products screening for the identification of selective monoamine oxidase-b inhibitors. European J. Med. Plants,  2016, 15(1), 1-6.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/EJMP/2016/26453] [PMID:  27341283]

[196]
Kumar, P.; Singh, V.K.; Singh, D.K. Kinetics of enzyme inhi-bition by active molluscicidal agents ferulic acid, umbellifer-one, eugenol and limonene in the nervous tissue of snail Lymnaea acuminata. Phytother. Res.,  2009, 23(2), 172-177.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2578] [PMID:  18814203]

[197]
Mostafa, D.M.; Abd El-Alim, S.H.; Asfour, M.H.; Al-Okbi, S.Y.; Mohamed, D.A.; Awad, G. Transdermal nanoemulsions of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. essential oil: Preparation, charac-terization and evaluation of antidiabetic potential. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol.,  2015, 29, 99-106.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2015.06.021]

[198]
Dehghan, H.; Sarrafi, Y.; Salehi, P. Antioxidant and antidia-betic activities of 11 herbal plants from Hyrcania region Iran. J. Food Drug Anal,  2016, 24(1), 179-188.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2015.06.010] [PMID:  28911402]

[199]
Al-Rowais, N.A. Herbal medicine in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Saudi Med. J.,  2002, 23(11), 1327-1331.
 [PMID:  12506289]

[200]
NH AE-S. Efficacy of Coriandrum sativum L. essential oil as antidiabetic. J. Appl. Sci. Res.,  2012, 8(7), 3646-3655.

[201]
Yanardağ R.; Bolkent, S.; Tabakoğlu-Oğuz, A.; Ozsoy-Saçan, O. Effects of Petroselinum crispum extract on pancreatic B cells and blood glucose of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biol. Pharm. Bull.,  2003, 26(8), 1206-1210.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.26.1206] [PMID:  12913280]

[202]
Movahedian, A.; Zolfaghari, B.; Sajjadi, S.E.; Moknatjou, R. Antihyperlipidemic effect of peucedanum pastinacifolium extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Clinics (São Paulo),  2010, 65(6), 629-633. PMID: 20613940

[203]
Jagtap, A.G.; Patil, P.B. Antihyperglycemic activity and inhibi-tion of advanced glycation end product formation by Cum-inum cyminum in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Food Chem. Toxicol.,  2010, 48(8-9), 2030-2036.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.048] [PMID:  20451573]

[204]
Eddouks, M.; Lemhadri, A.; Michel, J-B. Caraway and caper: Potential anti-hyperglycaemic plants in diabetic rats. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2004, 94(1), 143-148.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.05.006] [PMID:  15261975]

[205]
Shalaby, N.M.M.; Abd-Alla, H.I.; Aly, H.F.; Albalawy, M.A.; Shaker, K.H.; Bouajila, J. Preliminary in vitro and in vivo evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Ducrosia anethifolia Boiss. and its linear furanocoumarins. BioMed Res. Int.,  2014, 2014, 480545.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/480545] [PMID:  24800231]

[206]
Latifi, E.; Mohammadpour, A.A. H, B.F.; Nourani, H. Anti-diabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of ethanolic Ferula as-safoetida oleo-gum-resin extract in streptozotocin-induced di-abetic wistar rats. Biomed. Pharmacother.,  2019, 110, 197-202.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.152] [PMID:  30471513]

[207]
Shaffie, N.M.; Morsy, F.A.; Ali, A.G.; Sharaf, H.A. Effect of caraway, coriander and fennel on the structure of kidney and islets of Langerhan in alloxan-induced diabetic rats: Histolog-ical and histochemical study. J. Am. Sci.,  2010, 6(9), 405-418.

[208]
Wang, B.H.; Ou-Yang, J.P. Pharmacological actions of sodium ferulate in cardiovascular system. Cardiovasc. Drug Rev.,  2005, 23(2), 161-172.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-3466.2005.tb00163.x] [PMID:  16007232]

[209]
Hajhashemi, V.; Abbasi, N. Hypolipidemic activity of Ane-thum graveolens in rats. Phytother. Res.,  2008, 22(3), 372-375.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2329] [PMID:  18058989]

[210]
Wong, P.Y.Y.; Kitts, D.D. Studies on the dual antioxidant and antibacterial properties of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) extracts. Food Chem.,  2006, 97(3), 505-515.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.05.031]

[211]
Gadi, D.; Bnouham, M.; Aziz, M.; Ziyyat, A.; Legssyer, A.; Legrand, C.; Lafeve, F.F.; Mekhfi, H. Parsley extract inhibits in vitro and ex vivo platelet aggregation and prolongs bleeding time in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2009, 125(1), 170-174.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.05.014] [PMID:  19467310]

[212]
Loh, S.P.; Hadira, O. In vitro inhibitory potential of selected Malaysian plants against key enzymes involved in hypergly-cemia and hypertension. Malays. J. Nutr.,  2011, 17(1), 77-86.
 [PMID:  22135867]

[213]
Senejoux, F.; Demougeot, C.; Cuciureanu, M.; Miron, A.; Cuciureanu, R.; Berthelot, A.; Girard-Thernier, C. Vasorelax-ant effects and mechanisms of action of Heracleum sphon-dylium L. (Apiaceae) in rat thoracic aorta. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2013, 147(2), 536-539.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.030] [PMID:  23541934]

[214]
Patel, D.K.; Desai, S.N.; Gandhi, H.P.; Devkar, R.V.; Rama-chandran, A.V. Cardio protective effect of Coriandrum sa-tivum L. on isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Food Chem. Toxicol.,  2012, 50(9), 3120-3125.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.06.033] [PMID:  22750725]

[215]
Dhanapakiam, P.; Joseph, J.M.; Ramaswamy, V.K.; Moorthi, M.; Kumar, A.S. The cholesterol lowering property of corian-der seeds (Coriandrum sativum): Mechanism of action. J. Environ. Biol.,  2008, 29(1), 53-56.
 [PMID:  18831331]

[216]
Oulmouden, F.; Ghalim, N.; El Morhit, M.; Benomar, H.; Daoudi, E.M.; Amrani, S. Hypolipidemic and anti-atherogenic effect of methanol extract of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) in hypercholesterolemic mice. Int. J. Sci. Knowledge,  2014, 3(1), 42-52.

[217]
Dhandapani, S.; Subramanian, V.R.; Rajagopal, S.; Na-masivayam, N. Hypolipidemic effect of Cuminum cyminum L. on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Pharmacol. Res.,  2002, 46(3), 251-255.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1043-6618(02)00131-7] [PMID:  12220968]

[218]
Saghir, M.R.; Sadiq, S.; Nayak, S.; Tahir, M.U. Hypolipidemic effect of aqueous extract of Carum carvi (black Zeera) seeds in diet induced hyperlipidemic rats. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci.,  2012, 25(2), 333-337.
 [PMID:  22459457]

[219]
Monsefi, M.; Ghasemi, M.; Bahaoddini, A. The effects of Anethum graveolens L. on female reproductive system. Phytother. Res.,  2006, 20(10), 865-868.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1959] [PMID:  16835877]

[220]
Gharibn, A.M.; Mard, S.; Farboud, Y. Effect of Anethum graveolens fruit extract on rat uterus contractions. Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci.,  2005, 8(4), 263-270.

[221]
Mahdavian, M.; Golmakani, N.; Mansoori, A.; Hoseinzadeh, H.; Afzalaghaee, M. An investigation of effectiveness of oral Dill extracts on postpartum hemorrhage. J. Women Midwifery Infertil Iran,  2001, 78(4), 19-26.

[222]
Albert-Puleo, M. Fennel and anise as estrogenic agents. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  1980, 2(4), 337-344.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(80)81015-4] [PMID:  6999244]

[223]
Ostad, S.N.; Soodi, M.; Shariffzadeh, M.; Khorshidi, N.; Marzban, H. The effect of fennel essential oil on uterine con-traction as a model for dysmenorrhea, pharmacology and tox-icology study. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2001, 76(3), 299-304.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00249-5] [PMID:  11448553]

[224]
Karampoor, P.; Azarnia, M.; Mirabolghasemi, G.; Alizadeh, F. The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed on serum levels of sexual hormones in female wistar rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). J. Arak Univ. Med. Sci.,  2014, 17(5), 70-78.

[225]
Boskabady, M.H.; Alitaneh, S.; Alavinezhad, A. Carum copti-cum L.: A herbal medicine with various pharmacological ef-fects. BioMed Res. Int.,  2014, 2014, 569087.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/569087] [PMID:  25089273]

[226]
Ramaswamy, S.; Sengottuvelu, S.; Sherief, S.H.; Jaikumar, S.; Saravanan, R.; Prasadkumar, C. Trachyspermum ammi fruit. Int. J. Pharma Bio Sci.,  2010, 1, 1-5.

[227]
Komeili, G.; Sargazi, M.; Solouki, S.; Maleki, S.; Saeidi Neek, F. Effect of hydroalcholic extract of Carum copticum seed on the treatment of peptic ulcer induced by ibuprofen in rats. Quart. Horizon Med. Sci,  2012, 18(1), 12-16.

[228]
Hejazian, S.; Morowatisharifabad, M.; Mahdavi, S. Relaxant effect of Carum copticum on intestinal motility in ileum of rat. World J. Zool,  2007, 2(2), 15-18.

[229]
Alexandrovich, I.; Rakovitskaya, O.; Kolmo, E.; Sidorova, T.; Shushunov, S. The effect of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed oil emulsion in infantile colic: A randomized, placebo-controlled study. Altern. Ther. Health Med.,  2003, 9(4), 58-61.
 [PMID:  12868253]

[230]
Al-Mofleh, I.; Al-Sobaihani, M.; Alqasoumi, S.; Al-Said, M.; Al-Dosari, M.; Al-Yahya, M. Fennel “Foeniculum vulgare” treatment protects the gastric mucosa of rats against chemical-ly-induced histological lesions. Int. J. Pharmacol.,  2013, 9(3), 182-189.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2013.182.189]

[231]
Cheng, C.L.; Koo, M.W. Effects of Centella asiatica on etha-nol induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. Life Sci.,  2000, 67(21), 2647-2653.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(00)00848-1] [PMID:  11104366]

[232]
Sabar, A.G. Lithotripsy of different urinary tract stones by using seeds of Carum copticum. Iraqi J. Pharm Sci.,  2010, 19(2), 38-41.

[233]
Kaur, T.; Bijarnia, R.K.; Singla, S.K.; Tandon, C. In vivo effi-cacy of Trachyspermum ammi anticalcifying protein in uro-lithiatic rat model. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2009, 126(3), 459-462.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.09.015] [PMID:  19781619]

[234]
Bairwa, R.; Sodha, R.S.; Rajawat, B.S. Trachyspermum ammi. Pharmacogn. Rev.,  2012, 6(11), 56-60.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.95871] [PMID:  22654405]

[235]
Gholivand, M.B.; Rahimi-Nasrabadi, M.; Batooli, H.; Ebrahimabadi, A.H. Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Psam-mogeton canescens. Food Chem. Toxicol.,  2010, 48(1), 24-28.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.09.007] [PMID:  19748545]

[236]
Gholivand, M.B.; Rahimi-Nasrabadi, M.; Mehraban, E.; Nia-sari, M.; Batooli, H. Determination of the chemical composi-tion and in vitro antioxidant activities of essential oil and methanol extracts of Echinophora platyloba DC. Nat. Prod. Res.,  2011, 25(17), 1585-1595.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2010.490915] [PMID:  21644173]

[237]
Nalini, K.; Aroor, A.; Rao, A.; Karanth, K. Effect of Centella asiatica fresh leaf aqueous extract on learning and memory and biogenic amine turnover in albino rats. Fitoterapia,  1992, 63(3), 231-238.

[238]
Saha, A.; Bhatia, B.; Kulkarni, K.S. Evaluation of the efficacy of Mentat in children with learning disability: A placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial. Neurosci. Today,  2002, 6(3), 184-188.

[239]
Attre, T.; Roy, A.; Bharadvaja, N. Centella asiatica: Plant with Immense Pharmacological Potential. Scope of Phytochemical-ly Unexplored Medicinal Plants; Enriched Publications Pvt. Ltd: India, 2017, pp. 147-156.

[240]
Mallikarjuna, G.U.; Dhanalakshmi, S.; Raisuddin, S.; Rao, A.R. Chemomodulatory influence of Ferula asafoetida on mammary epithelial differentiation, hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant profiles and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats. Breast Cancer Res. Treat.,  2003, 81(1), 1-10.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025448620558] [PMID:  14531492]

[241]
Kavoosi, G.; Tafsiry, A.; Ebdam, A.A.; Rowshan, V. Evalua-tion of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from Carum copticum seed and Ferula assafoetida latex. J. Food Sci.,  2013, 78(2), T356-T361.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12020] [PMID:  23320824]

[242]
Chatterjee, S.; Goswami, N.; Bhatnagar, P. Estimation of phe-nolic components and in vitro antioxidant activity of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) seeds. Adv. Biores.,  2012, 3(2), 109-118.

[243]
Zahara, K.; Bibi, Y.; Tabassum, S. Clinical and therapeutic benefits of Centella asiatica. Pure Appl. Biol.,  2014, 3(4), 152-159.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2014.34004]

[244]
Zainol, M.K.; Abd-Hamid, A.; Yusof, S.; Muse, R. Antioxida-tive activity and total phenolic compounds of leaf, root and petiole of four accessions of Centella asiatica (L.). Urban. Food Chem,  2003, 81(4), 575-581.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00498-3]

[245]
Shukla, A.; Rasik, A.M.; Dhawan, B.N. Asiaticoside-induced elevation of antioxidant levels in healing wounds. Phytother. Res.,  1999, 13(1), 50-54.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199902)13:1<50:AID-PTR368>3.0.CO;2-V] [PMID:  10189951]

[246]
Gecibesler, I.H.; Erdogan, M. A new nutraceutical resource from a rare native plant growing in Turkey and for its spec-tro-chemical and biological insights: Endemic Diplotaenia bingolensis (Apiaceae). Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc.,  2019, 223, 117358.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2019.117358] [PMID:  31306964]

[247]
Al-Snafi, A.E. The pharmacological importance of Anethum graveolens-A review. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci.,  2014, 6(4), 11-13.

[248]
Delaquis, P.J.; Stanich, K.; Girard, B.; Mazza, G. Antimicrobi-al activity of individual and mixed fractions of dill, cilantro, coriander and eucalyptus essential oils. Int. J. Food Microbiol.,  2002, 74(1-2), 101-109.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00734-6] [PMID:  11929164]

[249]
Burt, S. Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and po-tential applications in foods-a review. Int. J. Food Microbiol.,  2004, 94(3), 223-253.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022] [PMID:  15246235]

[250]
Emiroğlu, Z.K.; Yemiş G.P.; Coşkun, B.K.; Candoğan, K. Antimicrobial activity of soy edible films incorporated with thyme and oregano essential oils on fresh ground beef patties. Meat Sci.,  2010, 86(2), 283-288.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.04.016] [PMID:  20580990]

[251]
García-García, R.; López-Malo, A.; Palou, E. Bactericidal action of binary and ternary mixtures of carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol against Listeria innocua. J. Food Sci.,  2011, 76(2), M95-M100.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.02005.x] [PMID:  21535780]

[252]
Sharma, P.C.; Jain, S.; Yadav, G.; Sharma, A. Natural pre-servatives: Current insights and applications. Pharm. Sin.,  2010, 1(3), 95-108.

[253]
Kwon, Y.S.; Choi, W.G.; Kim, W.J.; Kim, W.K.; Kim, M.J.; Kang, W.H.; Kim, C.M. Antimicrobial constituents of Foenic-ulum vulgare. Arch. Pharm. Res.,  2002, 25(2), 154-157.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02976556] [PMID:  12009028]

[254]
Kumarasamy, Y.; Nahar, L.; Byres, M.; Delazar, A.; Sarker, S.D. The assessment of biological activities associated with the major constituents of the methanol extract of ‘wild carrot’ (Daucus carota L) seeds. J. Herb. Pharmacother.,  2005, 5(1), 61-72.
 [PMID:  16093236]

[255]
Tabanca, N.; Bedir, E.; Kirimer, N.; Baser, K.H.; Khan, S.I.; Jacob, M.R.; Khan, I.A. Antimicrobial compounds from Pimpinella species growing in Turkey. Planta Med.,  2003, 69(10), 933-938.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-45103] [PMID:  14648397]

[256]
Kosalec, I.; Pepeljnjak, S.; Kustrak, D. Antifungal activity of fluid extract and essential oil from anise fruits (Pimpinella anisum L., Apiaceae). Acta Pharm.,  2005, 55(4), 377-385.
 [PMID:  16375827]

[257]
Özcan, M.M.; Chalchat, J.C. Chemical composition and anti-fungal effect of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) fruit oil at ripen-ing stage. Ann. Microbiol.,  2006, 56(4), 353-358.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03175031]

[258]
Javadian, F.; Saeidi, S.; Jahani, S. Antimicrobial activity of Peganum harmala and Heracleum persicum against Acineto-bacter baumannii. Int. J. Infect,  2016, 3(1), e33554.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.17795/iji-33554]

[259]
Razzaghi-Abyaneh, M.; Saberi, R.; Sharifan, A.; Rezaee, M-B.; Seifili, R.; Hosseini, S-I.; Shams-Ghahfarokhi, M.; Nik-khah, M.; Saberi, I.; Amani, A. Effects of Heracleum persi-cum ethyl acetate extract on the growth, hyphal ultrastructure and aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus. Mycotoxin Res.,  2013, 29(4), 261-269.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12550-013-0171-1] [PMID:  23780853]

[260]
Adamu, M.; Bagla, V.; Eloff, J. Fractionation of Heteromor-pha arborescens var abyssinica (Apiaceae) leaf extracts based on polarity leads to a marked change in cytotoxicity that may yield a commercially useful product. S. Afr. J. Bot.,  2016, 103, 36-40.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2015.08.009]

[261]
Hassan, M.Z.; Osman, H.; Ali, M.A.; Ahsan, M.J. Therapeutic potential of coumarins as antiviral agents. Eur. J. Med. Chem.,  2016, 123, 236-255.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.056] [PMID:  27484512]

[262]
Bourinbaiar, A.S.; Tan, X.; Nagorny, R. Effect of the oral anticoagulant, warfarin, on HIV-1 replication and spread. AIDS,  1993, 7(1), 129-130.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199301000-00022] [PMID:  8442905]

[263]
Thaisrivongs, S.; Tomich, P.K.; Watenpaugh, K.D.; Chong, K-T.; Howe, W.J.; Yang, C-P.; Strohbach, J.W.; Turner, S.R.; McGrath, J.P.; Bohanon, M.J. Structure-based design of HIV protease inhibitors: 4-hydroxycoumarins and 4-hydroxy-2-pyrones as non-peptidic inhibitors. J. Med. Chem.,  1994, 37(20), 3200-3204.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00046a002] [PMID:  7932546]

[264]
Thaisrivongs, S.; Strohbach, J.W. Structure-based discovery of Tipranavir disodium (PNU-140690E): A potent, orally bio-available, nonpeptidic HIV protease inhibitor. Biopolymers,  1999, 51(1), 51-58.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0282(1999)51:1<51:AID-BIP6>3.0.CO;2-U] [PMID:  10380352]

[265]
Choudhari, A.S.; Mandave, P.C.; Deshpande, M.; Ranjekar, P.; Prakash, O. Phytochemicals in cancer treatment: From preclinical studies to clinical practice. Front. Pharmacol.,  2020, 10, 1614.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01614] [PMID:  32116665]

[266]
Yan, X-B.; Xie, T.; Wang, S-D.; Wang, Z.; Li, H-Y.; Ye, Z-M. Apigenin inhibits proliferation of human chondrosarcoma cells via cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial apoptosis induced by ROS generation-an in vitro and in vivo study. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med.,  2018, 11(3), 1615-1631.

[267]
Yu, D.; Suzuki, M.; Xie, L.; Morris-Natschke, S.L.; Lee, K.H. Recent progress in the development of coumarin derivatives as potent anti-HIV agents. Med. Res. Rev.,  2003, 23(3), 322-345.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/med.10034] [PMID:  12647313]

[268]
Brandt, K.; Christensen, L.P.; Hansen-Møller, J.; Hansen, S.L.; Haraldsdottir, J.; Jespersen, L.; Purup, S.; Kharazmi, A.; Barkholt, V.; Frøkiær, H.; Kobæk-Larsen, M. Health promot-ing compounds in vegetables and fruits: A systematic ap-proach for identifying plant components with impact on hu-man health. Trends Food Sci. Technol.,  2004, 15(7), 384-393.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2003.12.003]

[269]
Christensen, L.P.; Brandt, K. Bioactive polyacetylenes in food plants of the Apiaceae family: Occurrence, bioactivity and analysis. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.,  2006, 41(3), 683-693.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2006.01.057] [PMID:  16520011]

[270]
Seyed Hashemi, M.; Hashempur, M.H.; Lotfi, M.H.; Hemat, H.; Mousavi, Z.; Emtiazy, M.; Vaziri, F. The efficacy of asa-foetida (Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum resin) versus chlorhex-idine gluconate mouthwash on dental plaque and gingivitis: A randomized double-blind controlled trial. Eur. J. Integr. Med.,  2019, 29, 100929.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2019.100929]

[271]
Hekmatzadeh, S.F.; Bazarganipour, F.; Malekzadeh, J.; Goodarzi, F.; Aramesh, S. A randomized clinical trial of the efficacy of applying a simple protocol of boiled Anethum Graveolens seeds on pain intensity and duration of labor stages. Complement. Ther. Med.,  2014, 22(6), 970-976.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2014.10.007] [PMID:  25453516]

[272]
Kimura, T.; Takamatsu, J. Ferulic acid and angelica archangel-ica extract in dementia: Effects on cognitive functions and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Diet Nut. Dementia Cognitive Decline,  2015, 993-1001.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407824-6.00092-6]

[273]
Gilligan, N.P. The palliation of nausea in hospice and pallia-tive care patients with essential oils of Pimpinella anisum (an-iseed), Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce (sweet fennel), Anthe-mis nobilis (Roman chamomile) and Mentha x piperita (pep-permint). Int. J. Aromather,  2005, 15(4), 163-167.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijat.2005.10.012]

[274]
Koriem, K.M.M. Approach to pharmacological and clinical applications of Anisi aetheroleum. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed.,  2015, 5(1), 60-67.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(15)30172-6]

[275]
Nahidi, F.; Taherpoor, M.; Mojab, F.; Majd, H. Effect of An-ise extract on hot flush of menopause. Pajoohandeh J,  2008, 13(3), 167-173.

[276]
Karami, N.K.; Moattar, F.; Ghahiri, A. Comparison of effec-tiveness of an herbal drug (celery, saffron, Anise) and mephnamic acid capsule On primary dismenorrhea. Ofoghe Danesh,  2008, 14(1), 11-19.

[277]
Samojlik, I. Mijatović V.; Petković S.; Skrbić B.; Božin, B. The influence of essential oil of aniseed (Pimpinella anisum, L.) on drug effects on the central nervous system. Fitoterapia,  2012, 83(8), 1466-1473.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2012.08.012] [PMID:  22926042]

[278]
Tas, A. Analgesic effect of Pimpinella anisum L. essential oil extract in mice. Indian Vet. J.,  2009, 86(2), 145-147.

[279]
Jafari, S.; Sattari, R.; Ghavamzadeh, S. Evaluation the effect of 50 and 100 mg doses of Cuminum cyminum essential oil on glycemic indices, insulin resistance and serum inflamma-tory factors on patients with diabetes type II: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. J. Tradit. Complement. Med.,  2016, 7(3), 332-338.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.08.004] [PMID:  28725629]

[280]
Taghizadeh, M.; Memarzadeh, M.R.; Asemi, Z.; Esmaillza-deh, A. Effect of the Cumin cyminum L. intake on weight loss, metabolic profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress in overweight subjects: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ann. Nutr. Metab.,  2015, 66(2-3), 117-124.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000373896] [PMID:  25766448]

[281]
Mosavat, S.H.; Jaberi, A.R.; Sobhani, Z.; Mosaffa-Jahromi, M.; Iraji, A.; Moayedfard, A. Efficacy of Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) oil for migraine headache: A pilot randomized pla-cebo-controlled clinical trial. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2019, 236, 155-160.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.047] [PMID:  30853645]

[282]
Simbar, M.; Shadipour, M.; Salamzadeh, J.; Ramezani-Tehrani, F.; Nasiri, N. The combination of “Pimpinella ani-sum, Apium graveolens and Crocus sativus (PAC)” is more ef-fective than “mefenamic acid” on postpartum after-pain. J. Herb. Med.,  2015, 5(1), 20-25.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2015.01.004]

[283]
Mosaffa-Jahromi, M.; Lankarani, K.B.; Pasalar, M.; Af-sharypuor, S.; Tamaddon, A.M. Efficacy and safety of enteric coated capsules of anise oil to treat irritable bowel syndrome. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2016, 194, 937-946.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.083] [PMID:  27815079]

[284]
Panahi, Y.; Dadjou, Y.; Pishgoo, B.; Akbari, A.; Sahebkar, A. Antioxidant activity of Heracleum persicum fruit extract: Evi-dence from a randomized controlled trial. J. Diet. Suppl.,  2016, 13(5), 530-537.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19390211.2015.1120842] [PMID:  26820395]

[285]
Mirhosseini, M.; Baradaran, A.; Rafieian-Kopaei, M. Ane-thum graveolens and hyperlipidemia: A randomized clinical trial. J. Res. Med. Sci.,  2014, 19(8), 758-761.
 [PMID:  25422662]

[286]
Said-Al Ahl, H.A.; Sarhan, A.M.; Dahab, A.D.M.A.; Zeid, E-S.N.A.; Ali, M.S.; Naguib, N.Y. Flavonoids, essential oil and its constituents of Anethum graveolens L. Herb affected by nitrogen and bio-fertilizers. Agric. Biol. Sci J,  2015, 1, 105-109.

[287]
Fang, R.; Jiang, C.H.; Wang, X.Y.; Zhang, H.M.; Liu, Z.L.; Zhou, L.; Du, S.S.; Deng, Z.W. Insecticidal activity of essen-tial oil of Carum Carvi fruits from China and its main compo-nents against two grain storage insects. Molecules,  2010, 15(12), 9391-9402.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules15129391] [PMID:  21173724]

[288]
Mahendra, P.; Bisht, S. Coriandrum sativum: A daily use spice with great medicinal effect. Pharmacogn. J.,  2011, 3(21), 84-88.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2011.21.16]

[289]
Sowbhagya, H.B. Chemistry, technology, and nutraceutical functions of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L): An overview. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr.,  2013, 53(1), 1-10.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2010.500223] [PMID:  23035918]

[290]
Ghanem, M.T.; Radwan, H.M.; Mahdy, S.M.; Elkholy, Y.M.; Hassanein, H.D.; Shahat, A.A. Phenolic compounds from Foeniculum vulgare (Subsp. Piperitum) (Apiaceae) herb and evaluation of hepatoprotective antioxidant activity. Pharmacognosy Res.,  2012, 4(2), 104-108.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.94735] [PMID:  22518082]

[291]
Soliman, H.A.; Eltablawy, N.A.; Hamed, M.S. The ameliora-tive effect of Petroselinum crispum (parsley) on some diabe-tes complications. J. Med. Plant Stud,  2015, 3(4), 92-100.

[292]
Orav, A.; Raal, A.; Arak, E. Essential oil composition of Pimpinella anisum L. fruits from various European countries. Nat. Prod. Res.,  2008, 22(3), 227-232.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786410701424667] [PMID:  18266152]

[293]
Nivinskiene, O.; Butkiene, R.; Mockutë, D. Changes in the chemical composition of essential oil of Angelica archangeli-ca L. roots during storage. Chemija (Vilnius),  2003, 14(1), 52-56.

[294]
Chaves, D.S.; Frattani, F.S.; Assafim, M.; de Almeida, A.P.; de Zingali, R.B.; Costa, S.S. Phenolic chemical composition of Petroselinum crispum extract and its effect on haemostasis. Nat. Prod. Commun.,  2011, 6(7), 961-964.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1100600709] [PMID:  21834233]

[295]
Conti, B.; Canale, A.; Bertoli, A.; Gozzini, F.; Pistelli, L. Es-sential oil composition and larvicidal activity of six Mediter-ranean aromatic plants against the mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol. Res.,  2010, 107(6), 1455-1461.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-2018-4] [PMID:  20697909]

[296]
Zhao, A.; Yang, X.; Yang, X.; Wang, W.; Tao, H. [GC-MS analysis of essential oil from root of Angelica dahurica cv. Qibaizhi.  Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi,  2011, 36(5), 603-607. PMID: 21657081

[297]
López, S.; Lima, B.; Aragón, L.; Espinar, L.A.; Tapia, A.; Zacchino, S.; Zygadlo, J.; Feresin, G.E.; López, M.L. Essen-tial oil of Azorella cryptantha collected in two different loca-tions from San Juan Province, Argentina: Chemical variability and anti-insect and antimicrobial activities. Chem. Biodivers.,  2012, 9(8), 1452-1464.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201100319] [PMID:  22899606]

[298]
Hajlaoui, H.; Arraouadi, S.; Noumi, E.; Aouadi, K.; Adnan, M.; Khan, M.A.; Kadri, A.; Snoussi, M. Antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, antidiabetic, and pharma-cokinetic properties of Carum carvi L. and Coriandrum sa-tivum L. essential oils alone and in combination. Molecules,  2021, 26(12), 3625.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123625] [PMID:  34199316]

[299]
Ghasempour, H.; Shirinpour, E.; Heidari, H. The constituents of essential oils of Ferulago angulata (Schlecht.) boiss at two different habitats, nevakoh and shahoo, zagross mountain, western Iran. Iran. J. Sci. Technol,  2007, 31(3), 309-312.

[300]
Aćimović M.; Cvetković M.; Stanković J.; Filipović V.; Nikolić L.N.D. Analysis of volatile compounds from Angeli-ca seeds obtained by headspace method. Arab. J. Med. Aro-ma. Plant,  2017, 3(10), 1-9.

[301]
Zatla, A.T.; Dib, M.E.A.; Djabou, N.; Tabti, B.; Meliani, N.; Costa, J.; Muselli, A. Chemical variability of essential oil of Daucus carota subsp. sativus from Algeria. J. Herbs Spices Med. Plants,  2017, 23(3), 216-230.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10496475.2017.1296053]

[302]
Knio, K.M.; Usta, J.; Dagher, S.; Zournajian, H.; Kreydiyyeh, S. Larvicidal activity of essential oils extracted from com-monly used herbs in Lebanon against the seaside mosquito, Ochlerotatus caspius. Bioresour. Technol.,  2008, 99(4), 763-768.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.026] [PMID:  17368893]

[303]
Oyedeji, O.A.; Afolayan, A.J. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Centella asiatica. growing in South Africa. Pharm. Biol.,  2005, 43(3), 249-252.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880200590928843]

[304]
Liu, Z.L.; Chu, S.S.; Jiang, G.H. Insecticidal activity and composition of essential oil of Ostericum sieboldii (Apiaceae) against Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum. Rec. Nat. Prod.,  2011, 5(2), 74-81.

[305]
Özcan, M.M.; Chalchat, J.C. Chemical composition of carrot seeds (Daucus carota L.) cultivated in Turkey: Characteriza-tion of the seed oil and essential oil. Grasas Aceites,  2007, 58(4), 359-365.

[306]
Sousa, R.M.O.F.; Cunha, A.C.; Fernandes-Ferreira, M. The potential of Apiaceae species as sources of singular phyto-chemicals and plant-based pesticides. Phytochemistry,  2021, 187, 112714.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112714] [PMID:  33845406]

[307]
Roman, M.; Baranski, R.; Baranska, M. Nondestructive Ra-man analysis of polyacetylenes in Apiaceae vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem.,  2011, 59(14), 7647-7653.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf202366w] [PMID:  21682272]

[308]
Rančić A.; Soković M.; Vukojević J.; Simić A.; Marin, P.; Duletić-Laušević S.; Djoković D. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop, Hypericum perforatum (L.) and Helichrysum are-narium (L.). Moench. J. Essent. Oil Res,  2005, 17(3), 341-345.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2005.9698925]

[309]
Al-Haadi, A.M.H.; Al Rahbi, S.S.; Akhtar, M.S.; Said, S.; Weli, A.; Al Riyami, Q. Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of Petroselinum crispum leaves grown in Oman. Iran. J. Pharm. Sci,  2013, 9(1), 61-65.

[310]
Ikeda, R.; Nagao, T.; Okabe, H.; Nakano, Y.; Matsunaga, H.; Katano, M.; Mori, M. Antiproliferative constituents in umbel-liferae plants. III. Constituents in the root and the ground part of Anthriscus sylvestris Hoffm. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo),  1998, 46(5), 871-874.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.46.871] [PMID:  9621422]

[311]
Olaru, O.T. Niţulescu, G.M.; Orțan, A.; Dinu-Pîrvu, C.E. Ethnomedicinal, the phytochemical and pharmacological pro-file of Anthriscus sylvestris as an alternative source for anti-cancer lignans. Molecules,  2015, 20(8), 15003-15022.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules200815003] [PMID:  26287153]

[312]
Farah-Saeed, M.A.; Alam, S.M. Conium maculatum: A re-view. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem.,  2018, 7(5), 621-629.

[313]
Al-Snafi, A.E. A review on chemical constituents and phar-macological activities of Coriandrum sativum. IOSR J. Pharm.,  2016, 6(7), 17-42.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3013-067031742]

[314]
Mandal, S.; Mandal, M. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) essential oil: Chemistry and biological activity. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed.,  2015, 5(6), 421-428.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.04.001]

[315]
Pathak Nimish, L.; Kasture Sanjay, B.; Bhatt Nayna, M.; Rathod Jaimik, D. Phytopharmacological properties of Cori-ander sativum as a potential medicinal tree: An overview. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci.,  2011, 1(4), 20-25.

[316]
Jianu, C. Goleț I.; Stoin, D.; Cocan, I.; Lukinich-Gruia, A.T. Antioxidant activity of Pastinaca sativa L. ssp. sylvestris [Mill]. rouy and camus essential oil. Molecules,  2020, 25(4), 1-8.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040869] [PMID:  32079080]

[317]
Ali, K.H.; Azhar, H.; Parray, S.A.; Wasim, A. Anisoon (Pimp-inella anisum L.): A review of pharmacological activities and clinical effects. Hippocratic J. Unani Med,  2017, 12(1), 31-46.

[318]
Keshavarz, A.; Minaiyan, M.; Ghannadi, A.; Mahzouni, P. Effects of Carum carvi L. (Caraway) extract and essential oil on TNBS-induced colitis in rats. Res. Pharm. Sci.,  2013, 8(1), 1-8.
 [PMID:  24459470]

[319]
Shetty, B.S.; Udupa, S.L.; Udupa, A.L.; Somayaji, S.N. Effect of Centella asiatica L (Umbelliferae) on normal and dexame-thasone-suppressed wound healing in Wistar Albino rats. Int. J. Low. Extrem. Wounds,  2006, 5(3), 137-143.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534734606291313] [PMID:  16928669]

[320]
Somchit, M.; Sulaiman, M.; Zuraini, A.; Samsuddin, L.; Som-chit, N.; Israf, D. Antinociceptive and antiinflammatory ef-fects of Centella asiatica. Indian J. Pharmacol.,  2004, 36(6), 377.

[321]
Alavinezhad, A.; Boskabady, M.H. Antiinflammatory, antiox-idant, and immunological effects of Carum copticum L. and some of its constituents. Phytother. Res.,  2014, 28(12), 1739-1748.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5200] [PMID:  25044318]

[322]
Maheshwari, M.; Abul Qais, F.; Althubiani, A.S.; Abulreesh, H.H.; Ahmad, I. Bioactive extracts of Carum copticum and thymol inhibit biofilm development by multidrug-resistant extended spectrum β-lactamase producing enteric bacteria. Biofouling,  2019, 35(9), 1026-1039.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2019.1688305] [PMID:  31778072]

[323]
Lee, T.T.; Kashiwada, Y.; Huang, L.; Snider, J.; Cosentino, M.; Lee, K.H. Suksdorfin: An anti-HIV principle from Loma-tium suksdorfii, its structure-activity correlation with related coumarins, and synergistic effects with anti-AIDS nucleo-sides. Bioorg. Med. Chem.,  1994, 2(10), 1051-1056.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(00)82054-4] [PMID:  7773621]

[324]
Chou, S.C.; Everngam, M.C.; Sturtz, G.; Beck, J.J. Antibacte-rial activity of components from Lomatium californicum. Phytother. Res.,  2006, 20(2), 153-156.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1828] [PMID:  16444670]

[325]
Liang, W-H.; Chang, T-W.; Charng, Y-C. Influence of harvest stage on the pharmacological effect of Angelica dahurica. Bot. Stud. (Taipei, Taiwan),  2018, 59(1), 14.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40529-018-0230-1] [PMID:  29766316]

[326]
Tabanca, N.; Gao, Z.; Demirci, B.; Techen, N.; Wedge, D.E.; Ali, A.; Sampson, B.J.; Werle, C.; Bernier, U.R.; Khan, I.A.; Baser, K.H. Molecular and phytochemical investigation of Angelica dahurica and Angelica pubescentis essential oils and their biological activity against Aedes aegypti, Stephanitis pyrioides, and Colletotrichum species. J. Agric. Food Chem.,  2014, 62(35), 8848-8857.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf5024752] [PMID:  25133520]

[327]
Kafash-Farkhad, N.; Asadi-Samani, M.; Rafieian-Kopaei, M. A review on phytochemistry and pharmacological effects of Prangos ferulacea (L.). Lindl. Life Sci. J,  2013, 10(Suppl.), 360-367.

[328]
Singh, G.; Marimuthu, P.; de Heluani, C.S.; Catalan, C.A. Antioxidant and biocidal activities of Carum nigrum (seed) essential oil, oleoresin, and their selected components. J. Agric. Food Chem.,  2006, 54(1), 174-181.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0518610] [PMID:  16390196]

[329]
Fejes, S.; Blázovics, A.; Lugasi, A.; Lemberkovics, E.; Petri, G.; Kéry, A. In vitro antioxidant activity of Anthriscus cerefo-lium L. (Hoffm.) extracts. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2000, 69(3), 259-265.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00171-3] [PMID:  10722209]

[330]
Al-Snafi, A.E. Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Ammi majus and Ammi visnaga. A review. Int. J. Pharm. Ind. Res,  2013, 3(3), 257-265.

[331]
Dolatkhahi, M.; Ghorbani Nohooji, M.; Mehrafarin, A.; Amini Nejad, G.; Dolatkhahi, A. Ethnobotanical study of me-dicinal plants in Kazeroon, Iran: Identification, distribution and traditional usage. J. Med. Plant,  2012, 2(42), 163-178.

[332]
Khodayari, H.; Amani, S.; Amiri, H. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in different regions of Khuzestan province. Eco-Phyto. J. Med. Plant.,  2015, 2(4), 12-26.

[333]
Abdolmohammadi, M.; Fouladdel, S.; Shafiee, A.; Amin, G.; Ghaffari, S.; Azizi, E. Antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of Astrodaucus orientalis (L.) drude on T47D human breast can-cer cell line: Potential mechanisms of action. Afr. J. Biotechnol.,  2009, 8(17), 1-10.

[334]
Zahri, S.; Ghasemian, A. Phytochemical prospection and biological activity of Astrodaucus orientalis (L.) Drude grow-ing wild in Iran. Pharmacologia,  2011, 2(10), 299-303.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.5567/pharmacologia.2011.299.303]

[335]
Hassanzad Azar, H.; Taami, B.; Aminzare, M.; Daneshamooz, S. Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch: An overview on phytochemistry, therapeutic uses and its application in the food industry. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci.,  2018, 8(10), 150-158.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2018.81019]

[336]
Shahsavari, N.; Barzegar, M.; Sahari, M.A.; Naghdibadi, H. Antioxidant activity and chemical characterization of essential oil of Bunium persicum. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr.,  2008, 63(4), 183-188.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11130-008-0091-y] [PMID:  18810640]

[337]
Yuan, B.; Yang, R.; Ma, Y.; Zhou, S.; Zhang, X.; Liu, Y. A systematic review of the active saikosaponins and extracts isolated from Radix Bupleuri and their applications. Pharm. Biol.,  2017, 55(1), 620-635.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2016.1262433] [PMID:  27951737]

[338]
Al-Snafi, A.E. Pharmacology and toxicology of Conium mac-ulatum-A review. Pharm. Chem. J.,  2016, 3(2), 136-142.

[339]
Mobeen, A.; Siddiqui, M.; Quamri, M.; Itrat, M.; Imran, M. Therapeutic potential of Ushaq (Dorema ammoniacum D. Don): A unique drug of Unani medicine. Int. J. Unani. Integr. Med,  2018, 2(1), 11-16.

[340]
Khanahmadi, M.; Miraghaee, S.Sh.; Karimi, I. Evaluation of the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Dorema aucheri plant. Iran. Red Crescent Med. J.,  2012, 14(10), 684-685.
 [PMID:  23285423]

[341]
Delnavazi, M.R.; Hadjiakhoondi, A.; Delazar, A.; Ajani, Y.; Tavakoli, S.; Yassa, N. Phytochemical and antioxidant inves-tigation of the aerial parts of Dorema glabrum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. Iran. J. Pharm. Res.,  2015, 14(3), 925-931.
 [PMID:  26330882]

[342]
Eskandani, M.; Dadizadeh, E.; Hamishehkar, H.; Nazemiyeh, H.; Barar, J. Geno/cytotoxicty and apoptotic properties of phenolic compounds from the seeds of Dorema glabrum fisch. C.A. Bioimpacts,  2014, 4(4), 191-198.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/bi.2014.019] [PMID:  25671175]

[343]
Mottaghipisheh, J.; Nové, M.; Spengler, G.; Kúsz, N.; Hohmann, J.; Csupor, D. Antiproliferative and cytotoxic ac-tivities of furocoumarins of Ducrosia anethifolia. Pharm. Biol.,  2018, 56(1), 658-664.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2018.1548625] [PMID:  31070540]

[344]
Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. Gholipour, Z. Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil from Echinophora cinerea harvested at two phenological stages. J. Essent. Oil Res.,  2016, 28(6), 501-511.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2016.1155506]

[345]
Roshanravan, N.; Asgharian, P.; Dariushnejad, H.; Mesri Alamdari, N.; Mansoori, B.; Mohammadi, A.; Alipour, S.; Barati, M.; Ghavami, A.; Ghorbanzadeh, V.; Aamazadeh, F.; Ostadrahimi, A. Eryngium Billardieri induces apoptosis via bax gene expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Adv. Pharm. Bull.,  2018, 8(4), 667-674.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/apb.2018.075] [PMID:  30607339]

[346]
Asili, J.; Sahebkar, A.; Bazzaz, B.S.F.; Sharifi, S.; Iranshahi, M. Identification of essential oil components of Ferula badrakema Fruits by GC-MS and 13C-NMR methods and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity. J. Essent. Oil-Bear. Plants,  2009, 12(1), 7-15.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2009.10643685]

[347]
Sonboli, A.; Eftekhar, F.; Yousefzadi, M.; Kanani, M.R. Anti-bacterial activity and chemical composition of the essential oil of Grammosciadium platycarpum Boiss. from Iran. Z. Naturforsch. C J. Biosci.,  2005, 60(1-2), 30-34.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2005-1-206] [PMID:  15787240]

[348]
Eftekhari, M.; Shams Ardekani, M.R.; Amin, M.; Attar, F.; Akbarzadeh, T.; Safavi, M.; Karimpour-Razkenari, E.; Amini, M.; Isman, M.; Khanavi, M. Oliveria decumbens, a bioactive essential oil: Chemical composition and biological activities. Iran. J. Pharm. Res.,  2019, 18(1), 412-421.
 [PMID:  31089376]
Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
3
Journal Information
For Authors
For Editors
For Reviewers
Explore Articles
Open Access
Open Access Articles
For Visitors
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207325666220406110404	Print ISSN 1386-2073
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1875-5402
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening

Pharmacology and Ethnomedicinal Potential of Selected Plants Species from Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)

Abstract Play Pause

Related Journals

Abstract
