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ISSN (Print): 2211-5501
ISSN (Online): 2211-551X

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Research Article

Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil of Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt (Citronella) from Western Nepal

Author(s): Dipesh Shrestha, Prabha Sharma, Anisha Pandey, Kamal Dhakal, Ram Prasad Baral and Achyut Adhikari*

Volume 11, Issue 1, 2022

Published on: 08 June, 2022

Page: [86 - 91] Pages: 6

DOI: 10.2174/2211550111666220405133558

Price: $65

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Abstract

Background: Essential oils (EOs) are a mixture of volatile compounds of plant origin, which possess substantial biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal activity.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of essential oil isolated from Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt.

Methods: The hydro-distillation method was used for the isolation of essential oil. The chemical composition of the isolated essential oil was analyzed using the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Antioxidant activity was determined using a 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, and the IC50 value was calculated. The welldiffusion method was applied for the antibacterial activity, and the zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured.

Results: The essential oil from Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt was isolated with a 0.5% yield. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS) analysis reported 19 different compounds, out of which, Geraniol (28.87%), Citronellal (11.85%), Citronellol (10.88%), Geranial (9.19%), trans- Geranyl acetate (9.11%), and Neral (8.02%) were found to be the major constituents. The essential oil was a promising antioxidant with an IC50 value of 0.458±0.39μg/mL compared to the standard Quercetin of 1.187±0.22μg/mL. In addition, the isolated essential oil revealed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ZOI=13.2mm), Bacillus subtilis (ZOI=9.9mm), and Enterococcus faecalis (ZOI=8.4mm).

Conclusion: The essential oil isolated from Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt exhibits antioxidant and antibacterial activity, implying that it could find use in modern medicine.

Keywords: Citronella, Cymbopogon winterianus, GC-MS, antioxidant, antibacterial, essential oil.

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