Bioactivity of Natural Polyphenols as Antiparasitic Agents and their Biochemical
Targets

Jacqueline      Soto-Sánchez
doi:10.2174/1389557522666220404090429
Abstract

Background: Leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis are diseases that affect public health worldwide due to their high incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Available treatments are costly, prolonged, and toxic, not to mention the problem of parasite resistance. The development of alternative treatments is justified and polyphenols show promising activity.
Objective: The main aim of this mini-review was to analyze the most promising phenolic compounds with reported antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity as well as their mechanisms of action.
Results: We found that the mode of action of these natural compounds, mainly lignans, neolignans, and flavonoids depends on the organism they act on and includes macrophage activation, induction of morphological changes such as chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, accumulation of acidocalcisomes, and glycosomes, Golgi damage and mitochondrial dysfunction as well as negative regulation of mitochondrial enzymes and other essential enzymes for parasite survival such as arginase. This gives a wide scope for future research toward the rational development of anti-kinetoplastid drugs.
Conclusion: Although the specific molecular targets, bioavailability, route of administration, and dosages of some of these natural compounds need to be determined, polyphenols and their combinations represent a very promising and safe strategy to be considered for use against Leishmania spp and Trypanosoma spp. In addition, these compounds may provide a scaffold for developing new, more potent, and more selective antiprotozoal agents.
Keywords: Polyphenols, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, molecular targets, biological activity, flavonoids.
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Graphical Abstract

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DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557522666220404090429	Print ISSN 1389-5575
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1875-5607
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry

Bioactivity of Natural Polyphenols as Antiparasitic Agents and their Biochemical Targets

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