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ISSN (Online): 2210-3163

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Review Article

Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea Affecting Menstruating Women Using Herbs: A Review

Author(s): Choo Shiuan Por*, Mogana Sundari Rajagopal, Gabriel Akyirem Akowuah, Sasikala Chinnappan and Nor Hayati Abdullah

Volume 12, Issue 7, 2022

Published on: 10 June, 2022

Article ID: e290322202770 Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/2210315512666220329151557

Price: $65

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Abstract

Primary dysmenorrhea is a common condition that affects menstruating women, especially young women. Painful cramping in the lower abdominal area, nausea, vomiting, headache, and fatigue is associated with primary dysmenorrhea, which restricts women from normal living life. The productivity and work performance of women are heavily affected by the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and Low Dose Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs) are commonly prescribed for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. However, variability in individual response to the drugs and their side effects hinder their long-term use among women. Complementary medicine such as herbs is a promising alternative for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea, but it lacks scientific evidence. The pharmacological and clinical studies of 9 herbs were included in this review. Although excellent analgesic effects of herbs were reported by clinical studies, the detailed mechanism of action of most herbs remains unelucidated. Several studies discovered that herbs exert analgesic effects through direct uterine muscle relaxation effect, inhibition of Cyclooxygenase- 2 (COX-2), inhibition of intracellular calcium level, and reduction of prostaglandin synthesis. Further investigation of pharmacological action and the recommended dosages of the herbs for the optimal analgesic effect is needed.

Keywords: Clinical studies, pharmacological studies, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, oral contraceptive pills, herbal medicine, complementary and alternative medicine, primary dysmenorrhea.

Graphical Abstract

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