Abstract
Background: Prognostic evaluation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) after Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE) using Drug-Eluting Beads (DEBs) is essential for guiding the personalized treatment and follow-up strategy. Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) has been reported as a biomarker in conventional TACE.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of ADCbaseline, ADC change, and ADCratio in predicting the early objective response for HCC after DEB-TACE.
Methods: This prospective single-center study included 32 consecutive patients undergoing dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging before and 1 month after DEB-TACE. After DEB-TACE, patients were grouped based on the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) criteria into responders (complete response [CR], partial response [PR]) and nonresponders (stable disease [SD], progressive disease [PD]). The Mann– Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to assess the statistical differences in ADCbaseline, ADC change, and ADCratio between responders and nonresponders.
Results: At post-DEB-TACE follow-up MRI, 62.5% (n = 20, 11 CRs, and 9 PRs) of patients showed objective response, and 37.5% (n = 12, 7 SDs, and 5 PDs) did not respond to chemoembolization. Nonresponders had a significantly higher ADCbaseline value than responders (p < 0.001). The ROC for identifying the response to chemoembolization demonstrated that the threshold ADCbaseline value of 0.920 × 10−3 mm2/s had 100% sensitivity and 70% specificity. The ADC change and ADCratio of responders were higher than that of nonresponders (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: ADCbaseline, ADC change, and ADCratio may be utilized as a noninvasive biomarker for predicting the early response of HCC to DEB-TACE.
Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, magnetic resonance imaging, drug-eluting beads, diffusion-weighted imaging, apparent diffusion coefficient, response.
Graphical Abstract
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00261-017-1209-1] [PMID: 28647765]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2012.07.017] [PMID: 22824821]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgh.12439] [PMID: 24224722]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/AJR.11.7563] [PMID: 22826396]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-017-5198-9] [PMID: 29383518]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.26974] [PMID: 31675163]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00270-009-9728-y] [PMID: 19847482]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2015.08.023] [PMID: 26603497]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2012.11.026] [PMID: 23246330]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08649-X] [PMID: 12049862]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10620-019-05951-6] [PMID: 31732907]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.05.040] [PMID: 19540083]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2011.08.030] [PMID: 22019180]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm7040083] [PMID: 29661994]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CMAR.S270470] [PMID: 33116868]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000520716] [PMID: 34749359]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2011.09.004]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.13130591] [PMID: 24475816]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.02.044] [PMID: 21514067]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/92.3.205] [PMID: 10655437]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mpo.1154] [PMID: 11466715]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2502072222] [PMID: 19188315]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1247132] [PMID: 20175033]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0b013e328363716e] [PMID: 24284371]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.12.081] [PMID: 21296517]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00261-019-02030-2] [PMID: 31069479]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25521] [PMID: 27766709]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000005518] [PMID: 28099329]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24845] [PMID: 25683022]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S115568] [PMID: 28352195]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2012.04.020] [PMID: 22819175]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.00332] [PMID: 32232007]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0b013e3181b4c10e] [PMID: 19692841]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25796] [PMID: 28640531]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01567.x] [PMID: 23278683]