Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Alzheimer Research

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1567-2050
ISSN (Online): 1875-5828

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe Translate in Chinese
Research Article

Discrepancy Between Cognitive Test and Brain Imaging Results in Alzheimer’s Disease Associated with Diabetes

Author(s): Haruo Hanyu*, Yumi Koyama, Haruka Horita, Toshinori Aoki, Tomohiko Sato, Hidekazu Kanetaka, Soichiro Shimizu and Kentaro Hirao

Volume 19, Issue 2, 2022

Published on: 07 March, 2022

Page: [95 - 103] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220228152655

Price: $65

Abstract

Background/Objective: Although a large number of studies have been performed on the association between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), the underlying pathophysiology of AD associated with DM has not been fully elucidated to date. We compared cognitive functions and brain imaging findings between AD patients with and without DM to characterize the association between cognition and imaging findings in AD patients with DM.

Methods: Cognitive functions and brain imaging findings, including medial temporal lobe atrophy analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging, and hypoperfusion in the parietal, posterior cingulate, and frontal regions analyzed by single-photon emission computed tomography were compared between 126 AD patients without DM ([AD-DM]) and 51 AD patients with DM ([AD+DM]). Factors associated with cognitive-imaging associations, including education, occupation, leisure activity, comorbidity, frailty, and other demographics, were analyzed.

Results: The [AD+DM] group showed significantly more severe cognitive dysfunction than the [ADDM] group, despite a similar degree of brain imaging abnormalities. Among the factors associated with cognitive-imaging associations, the level of leisure activity was significantly lower in the [AD+DM] group than in the [AD-DM] group, but no significant differences in other factors were observed between the 2 groups.

Conclusion: The cognitive-imaging discrepancy observed in AD patients with DM may be associated with their low cognitive reserve, possibly caused by their low amount of leisure activities. Our findings suggest that lifestyle interventions, including physical, cognitive, and social activities, may reduce cognitive decline in AD patients with DM.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, cognition, brain imaging, cognitive reserve, leisure activity.

« Previous Next »
[1]
Biessels GJ, Staekenborg S, Brunner E, Brayne C, Scheltens P. Risk of dementia in diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Lancet Neurol 2006; 5(1): 64-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(05)70284-2] [PMID: 16361024]
[2]
Biessels GJ, Despa F. Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes mellitus: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14(10): 591-604.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41574-018-0048-7] [PMID: 30022099]
[3]
Sato T, Hanyu H, Koyama Y, et al. Discrepancy between the degree of cognitive impairment and brain imaging abnormalities in Alzheimer disease patients is associated with cognitive reserve. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84(1): 273-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-210728] [PMID: 34542077]
[4]
Stern Y. Cognitive reserve in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet Neurol 2012; 11(11): 1006-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70191-6] [PMID: 23079557]
[5]
McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H, et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2011; 7(3): 263-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.005] [PMID: 21514250]
[6]
The diabetes committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and clasification of diabets mellitus. Diabetes Care 1997; 20: 1183-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.20.7.1183]
[7]
Fazekas F, Chawluk JB, Alavi A, Hurtig HI, Zimmerman RA. MR signal abnormalities at 1.5 T in Alzheimer’s dementia and normal aging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1987; 149(2): 351-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.149.2.351] [PMID: 3496763]
[8]
Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12(3): 189-98.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6] [PMID: 1202204]
[9]
Mitchell AJ, Bird V, Rizzo M, Meader N. Diagnostic validity and added value of the Geriatric Depression Scale for depression in primary care: A meta-analysis of GDS30 and GDS15. J Affect Disord 2010; 125(1-3): 10-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2009.08.019] [PMID: 19800132]
[10]
Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bédirian V, et al. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005; 53(4): 695-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x] [PMID: 15817019]
[11]
Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: Development and validation. J Chronic Dis 1987; 40(5): 373-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8] [PMID: 3558716]
[12]
Anderson TM, Sachdev PS, Brodaty H, Trollor JN, Andrews G. Effects of sociodemographic and health variables on Mini-Mental State Exam scores in older Australians. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2007; 15: 467-76.
[13]
Sewo Sampaio PY, Sampaio RA, Yamada M, Arai H. Systematic review of the Kihon checklist: Is it a reliable assessment of frailty? Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16(8): 893-902.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12833] [PMID: 27444395]
[14]
Satake S, Senda K, Hong YJ, et al. Validity of the Kihon checklist for assessing frailty status. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16(6): 709-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12543] [PMID: 26171645]
[15]
Marseglia A, Wang H-X, Rizzuto D, Fratiglioni L, Xu W. Participating in mental, social, and physical leisure activities and having a rich social network reduce the incidence of diabetes-related dementia in a cohort of Swedish older adults. Diabetes Care 2019; 42(2): 232-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc18-1428] [PMID: 30523030]
[16]
Apostrova LG. Structural neuroimaging in degenerative dementias. In: Nair AK, Sabbagh MN, Eds. Geriatric Neurology. UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2014; pp. 138-45.
[17]
Fleisher AS, Drzezga A. Functional imaging in dementia.Geriatric Neurology. UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2014; pp. 146-61.
[18]
Hirata Y, Matsuda H, Nemoto K, et al. Voxel-based morphometry to discriminate early Alzheimer’s disease from controls. Neurosci Lett 2005; 382(3): 269-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.03.038] [PMID: 15925102]
[19]
Minoshima S, Frey KA, Koeppe RA, Foster NL, Kuhl DE. A diagnostic approach in Alzheimer’s disease using three-dimensional stereotactic surface projections of fluorine-18-FDG PET. J Nucl Med 1995; 36(7): 1238-48.
[PMID: 7790950]
[20]
Ishii K, Ito K, Nakanishi A, Kitamura S, Terashima A. Computer-assisted system for diagnosing degenerative dementia using cerebral blood flow SPECT and 3D-SSP: A multicenter study. Jpn J Radiol 2014; 32(7): 383-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11604-014-0329-6] [PMID: 24838777]
[21]
Haaksma ML, Vilela LR, Marengoni A, et al. Comorbidity and progression of late onset Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review. PLoS One 2017; 12(5): e0177044.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177044] [PMID: 28472200]
[22]
Wallace LMK, Theou O, Godin J, Andrew MK, Bennett DA, Rockwood K. Investigation of frailty as a moderator of the relationship between neuropathology and dementia in Alzheimer’s disease: A cross-sectional analysis of data from the Rush Memory and Aging Project. Lancet Neurol 2019; 18(2): 177-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30371-5] [PMID: 30663607]
[23]
Ihle A, Mons U, Perna L, et al. The relation of obesity to performance in verbal abilities, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility in old age: The role of cognitive reserve. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2016; 42(1-2): 117-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000448916] [PMID: 27632695]
[24]
Alagiakrishnan K, Zhao N, Mereu L, Senior P, Senthilselvan A. Montreal Cognitive Assessment is superior to Standardized Mini-Mental Status Exam in detecting mild cognitive impairment in the middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BioMed Res Int 2013; 2013: 186106.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/186106] [PMID: 23936778]
[25]
Yamakawa H, Okita M, Fukasawa R, Hatanaka H, Namioka N, Hanyu H. A comparison between the mini-mental state examination and montreal cognitive assessment in assessing cognitive function in patients with diabetes-related dementia. Psychogeriatrics 2018; 18(1): 72-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12277] [PMID: 28664625]
[26]
Ferreira D, Nordberg A, Westman E. Biological subtypes of Alzheimer disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology 2020; 94(10): 436-48.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000009058] [PMID: 32047067]
[27]
Yokoyama S, Kajiya Y, Yoshinaga T, Tani A, Hirano H. Imaging discrepancies between magnetic resonance imaging and brain perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, and verification with amyloid positron emission tomography. Psychogeriatrics 2014; 14(2): 110-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12047] [PMID: 24954834]
[28]
Peña-González P, Mondragón-Maya A, Silva-Pereyra J, Roa-Rojas P. Cognitive reserve and executive functions in adults with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2020; 7941543.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7941543]
[29]
Buchman AS, Yu L, Wilson RS, et al. Physical activity, common brain pathologies, and cognition in community-dwelling older adults. Neurology 2019; 92(8): e811-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000006954] [PMID: 30651386]
[30]
Lautenschlager NT, Cox KL, Flicker L, et al. Effect of physical activity on cognitive function in older adults at risk for Alzheimer disease: A randomized trial. JAMA 2008; 300(9): 1027-37.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.300.9.1027] [PMID: 18768414]
[31]
Demurtas J, Schoene D, Torbahn G, et al. Physical activity and exercise in mild cognitive impairment and dementia: An umbrella review of intervention and observational studies. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 21(10): 1415-1422.e6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2020.08.031] [PMID: 32981668]
[32]
Hamer M, Chida Y. Physical activity and risk of neurodegenerative disease: A systematic review of prospective evidence. Psychol Med 2009; 39(1): 3-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291708003681] [PMID: 18570697]
[33]
Scarmeas N, Zarahn E, Anderson KE, et al. Association of life activities with cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer disease: Implications for the cognitive reserve hypothesis. Arch Neurol 2003; 60(3): 359-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.60.3.359] [PMID: 12633147]
[34]
Takenoshita N, Shimizu S, Kanetaka H, et al. Classification of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease associated with diabetes based on amyloid and tau PET results. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71(1): 261-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-190620] [PMID: 31356213]
[35]
Franzmeier N, Duering M, Weiner M, Dichgans M, Ewers M. Left frontal cortex connectivity underlies cognitive reserve in prodromal Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2017; 88(11): 1054-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003711] [PMID: 28188306]
[36]
Lee DH, Lee P, Seo SW, et al. Neural substrates of cognitive reserve in Alzheimer’s disease spectrum and normal aging. Neuroimage 2019; 186: 690-702.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.053] [PMID: 30503934]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
34
1
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy