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Review Article

神经发育中的小胶质细胞激活：叙事回顾

卷 22, 期 8, 2022

发表于: 12 January, 2022

页: [722 - 734] 页: 13

弟呕挨: 10.2174/1566524021666211018112757

价格: $65

摘要

小胶质细胞是在中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中发现的免疫细胞，参与感染战斗和细胞碎片清洁。这些神经胶质细胞通过与神经元和其他神经胶质细胞的相互作用参与大脑发育过程中的突触发生。这些关系与信号分子的分泌有关，例如趋化因子和神经营养因子。小胶质细胞在发育的不同阶段影响突触和神经元形态。此外，其他系统，例如肠道微生物群，间接影响小胶质细胞的功能和形态。不同发育时期可能发生的几个因素，包括成年后的宫内发育，可能会影响小胶质细胞。这些细胞的损伤可能与某些精神疾病的发展有关，例如精神分裂症、自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和抑郁症。这篇综述的重点是描述小胶质细胞在维持中枢神经系统中的功能，以及它们如何与其他系统相关联，如肠道微生物群脑轴和环境压力源，如压力、母亲剥夺、睡眠剥夺、免疫激活和乙醇暴露，它们会影响小胶质细胞在神经发育过程中的功能。

关键词: 肠道-微生物-脑轴、突触发生、母体剥夺、小胶质细胞激活、神经发育、环境压力源。

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