Generic placeholder image

CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1871-5273
ISSN (Online): 1996-3181

Research Article

In Silico Docking of Novel Phytoalkaloid Camalexin in the Management of Benomyl Induced Parkinson's Disease and its In Vivo Evaluation by Zebrafish Model

Author(s): Tamilanban Thamaraikani, Manasa Karnam* and Chitra Velapandian

Volume 21, Issue 4, 2022

Published on: 03 September, 2021

Page: [343 - 353] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210903091447

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Parkinson’s Disease (PD) exhibits the extrapyramidal symptoms caused due to the dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra of the brain and depletion of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme.

Objective: This study was designed to enlighten the importance of the Aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme in protecting the dopamine levels in a living system. Camalexin, a potentially active compound, has been evaluated for its dopamine enhancing and aldehyde dehydrogenase protecting role in pesticide-induced Parkinson’s disease.

Methods: AutoDock 4.2 software was employed to perform the docking simulations between the ligand camalexin and standard drugs Alda-1, Ropirinole with three proteins 4WJR, 3INL, 5AER. Consequently, the compound was evaluated for its in vivo neuroprotective role in the zebrafish model by attaining Institutional Animal Ethical Committee permission. The behavioral assessments and catecholamine analysis in zebrafish were performed.

Results: The Autodock result shows that the ligand camalexin has a lower binding energy (-3.84) that indicates a higher affinity with the proteins when compared to the standard drug of proteins (-3.42). In the zebrafish model, behavioral studies provided evidence that camalexin helps in the improvement of motor functions and cognition. The catecholamine assay has proved that there is an enhancement in dopamine levels, as well as an improvement in aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme.

Conclusion: The novel compound, camalexin, offers a protective role in Parkinson’s disease model by its interaction with neurochemical proteins and also in alternative in vivo model.

Keywords: Camalexin, Autodock 4.2, Alda-1, aldehyde dehydrogenase, benomyl, Parkinson’s disease.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Sulzer D, Surmeier DJ. Neuronal vulnerability, pathogenesis, and Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 2013; 28(1): 41-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.25095] [PMID: 22791686]
[2]
Kamel F, Hoppin JA. Association of pesticide exposure with neurologic dysfunction and disease. Environ Health Perspect 2004; 112(9): 950-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7135] [PMID: 15198914]
[3]
Burke WJ, Li SW, Williams EA, Nonneman R, Zahm DS. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde is the toxic dopamine metabolite in vivo: implications for Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis. Brain Res 2003; 989(2): 205-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(03)03354-7] [PMID: 14556942]
[4]
Marchitti SA, Deitrich RA, Vasiliou V. Neurotoxicity and metabolism of the catecholamine-derived 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde: the role of aldehyde dehydrogenase. Pharmacol Rev 2007; 59(2): 125-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/pr.59.2.1] [PMID: 17379813]
[5]
Fitzmaurice AG, Rhodes SL, Cockburn M, Ritz B, Bronstein JM. Aldehyde dehydrogenase variation enhances effect of pesticides associated with Parkinson disease. Neurology 2014; 82(5): 419-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000083] [PMID: 24491970]
[6]
Casida JE, Ford B, Jinsmaa Y, Sullivan P, Cooney A, Goldstein DS. Benomyl, aldehyde dehydrogenase, DOPAL, and the catecholaldehyde hypothesis for the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27(8): 1359-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx5002223] [PMID: 25045800]
[7]
Kirch HH, Schlingensiepen S, Kotchoni S, Sunkar R, Bartels D. Detailed expression analysis of selected genes of the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) gene superfamily in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol Biol 2005; 57(3): 315-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11103-004-7796-6] [PMID: 15830124]
[8]
Yang Y, Wang G, Wu W, et al. Camalexin induces apoptosis via the ROS-ER stress-mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in AML cells. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018; 2018: 7426950.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7426950] [PMID: 30538806]
[9]
Stewart AM, Ullmann JFP, Norton WHJ, et al. Molecular psychiatry of zebrafish. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20(1): 2-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mp.2014.128] [PMID: 25349164]
[10]
Manasa K, Chitra V, Tamilanban T. Teleost model as an alternative in parkinson’s disease. Neurol India 2020; 68(5): 979-84.
[PMID: 33109837]
[11]
Prashar P, Mahajan R, Mehta M, Satija S, Vyas M, Sharma N. Prediction of prospective anti-parkinson phytochemicals using prediction of activity spectra of substances software to justify 3R’s ethics of in-vivo evaluation. Asian J Pharm 2019; 13(3): 217.
[12]
Trott O, Olson AJ. AutoDock Vina: improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading. J Comput Chem 2010; 31(2): 455-61.
[PMID: 19499576]
[13]
Saravanan G, Panneerselvam T, Kunjiappan S, et al. Graph theoretical analysis, in silico modeling, prediction of toxicity, metabolism and synthesis of novel 2-(methyl/phenyl)-3-(4-(5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl) phenyl) quinazolin-4(3H)-ones as NMDA receptor inhibitor. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80(3): 368-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ddr.21511] [PMID: 30609096]
[14]
Divyashri G, Krishna Murthy TP, Sundareshan S, et al. In silico approach towards the identification of potential inhibitors from Curcuma amada Roxb against H. pylori: ADMET screening and molecular docking studies. Bioimpacts 2021; 11(2): 119-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/bi.2021.19] [PMID: 33842282]
[15]
Bové J, Prou D, Perier C, Przedborski S. Toxin-induced models of Parkinson’s disease. NeuroRx 2005; 2(3): 484-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1602/neurorx.2.3.484] [PMID: 16389312]
[16]
Zoupa M, Machera K. Zebrafish as an alternative vertebrate model for investigating developmental toxicity-the triadimefon example. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18(4): 817.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18040817] [PMID: 28417904]
[17]
Kyriakatos A, Mahmood R, Ausborn J, Porres CP, Büschges A, El Manira A. Initiation of locomotion in adult zebrafish. J Neurosci 2011; 31(23): 8422-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1012-11.2011] [PMID: 21653846]
[18]
Manuel R, Gorissen M, Roca CP, et al. Inhibitory avoidance learning in zebrafish (Danio rerio): effects of shock intensity and unraveling differences in task performance. Zebrafish 2014; 11(4): 341-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2013.0970] [PMID: 25004302]
[19]
Seibt KJ, Oliveira RdaL, Zimmermann FF, et al. Antipsychotic drugs prevent the motor hyperactivity induced by psychotomimetic MK-801 in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Behav Brain Res 2010; 214(2): 417-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2010.06.014] [PMID: 20600350]
[20]
Yoon M, Madden MC, Barton HA. Developmental expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase in rat: a comparison of liver and lung development. Toxicol Sci 2006; 89(2): 386-98.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfj045] [PMID: 16291827]
[21]
Selley ML. (E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal may be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Free Radic Biol Med 1998; 25(2): 169-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00021-5] [PMID: 9667492]
[22]
Jones LJ, McCutcheon JE, Young AMJ, Norton WHJ. Neurochemical measurements in the zebrafish brain. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9(246): 246.
[PMID: 26441575]
[23]
Büeler H. Impaired mitochondrial dynamics and function in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Exp Neurol 2009; 218(2): 235-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.03.006] [PMID: 19303005]
[24]
Somayajulu-Niţu M, Sandhu JK, Cohen J, et al. Paraquat induces oxidative stress, neuronal loss in substantia nigra region and parkinsonism in adult rats: neuroprotection and amelioration of symptoms by water-soluble formulation of coenzyme Q10. BMC Neurosci 2009; 10: 88-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2202-10-88] [PMID: 19635141]
[25]
Chou AP, Li S, Fitzmaurice AG, Bronstein JM. Mechanisms of rotenone-induced proteasome inhibition. Neurotoxicol 2010; 31(4): 367-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2010.04.006] [PMID: 20417232]
[26]
Elbaz A, Levecque C, Clavel J, et al. CYP2D6 polymorphism, pesticide exposure, and Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol 2004; 55(3): 430-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.20051] [PMID: 14991823]
[27]
Rull RP, Ritz B. Historical pesticide exposure in California using pesticide use reports and land-use surveys: an assessment of misclassification error and bias. Environ Health Perspect 2003; 111(13): 1582-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6118] [PMID: 14527836]
[28]
Burgess HA, Granato M. Modulation of locomotor activity in larval zebrafish during light adaptation. J Exp Biol 2007; 210(Pt 14): 2526-39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.003939] [PMID: 17601957]
[29]
Goldstein DS, Sullivan P, Holmes C, et al. Determinants of buildup of the toxic dopamine metabolite DOPAL in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurochem 2013; 126(5): 591-603.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jnc.12345] [PMID: 23786406]
[30]
Wey MC, Fernandez E, Martinez PA, Sullivan P, Goldstein DS, Strong R. Neurodegeneration and motor dysfunction in mice lacking cytosolic and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenases: implications for Parkinson’s disease. PLoS One 2012; 7(2): e31522.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031522] [PMID: 22384032]
[31]
Perez-Miller S, Younus H, Vanam R, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Hurley TD. Alda-1 is an agonist and chemical chaperone for the common human aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 variant. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2010; 17(2): 159-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.1737] [PMID: 20062057]
[32]
Zhong W, Zhang W, Li Q, et al. Pharmacological activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 by Alda-1 reverses alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis and cell death in mice. J Hepatol 2015; 62(6): 1375-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.022] [PMID: 25543082]
[33]
Kabashi E, Brustein E, Champagne N, Drapeau P. Zebrafish models for the functional genomics of neurogenetic disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta 2011; 1812(3): 335-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.09.011] [PMID: 20887784]
[34]
Irons TD, MacPhail RC, Hunter DL, Padilla S. Acute neuroactive drug exposures alter locomotor activity in larval zebrafish. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2010; 32(1): 84-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2009.04.066] [PMID: 19465114]
[35]
Orger MB, Gahtan E, Muto A, Page-McCaw P, Smear MC, Baier H. Behavioral screening assays in zebrafish. Methods Cell Biol 2004; 77: 53-68.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0091-679X(04)77003-X] [PMID: 15602905]
[36]
Anderson DG, Mariappan SV, Buettner GR, Doorn JA. Oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, a toxic dopaminergic metabolite, to a semiquinone radical and an ortho-quinone. J Biol Chem 2011; 286(30): 26978-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M111.249532] [PMID: 21642436]
[37]
Yoritaka A, Hattori N, Uchida K, Tanaka M, Stadtman ER, Mizuno Y. Immunohistochemical detection of 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts in Parkinson disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93(7): 2696-701.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.7.2696] [PMID: 8610103]
[38]
Galter D, Buervenich S, Carmine A, Anvret M, Olson L. ALDH1 mRNA: presence in human dopamine neurons and decreases in substantia nigra in Parkinson’s disease and in the ventral tegmental area in schizophrenia. Neurobiol Dis 2003; 14(3): 637-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2003.09.001] [PMID: 14678778]
[39]
Durrenberger PF, Grünblatt E, Fernando FS, et al. Inflammatory pathways in Parkinson’s disease; A bne microarray study. Parkinsons Dis 2012; 2012: 214714.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/214714] [PMID: 22548201]
[40]
Scherzer CR, Eklund AC, Morse LJ, et al. Molecular markers of early Parkinson’s disease based on gene expression in blood. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104(3): 955-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0610204104] [PMID: 17215369]
[41]
Stott SR, Barker RA. Time course of dopamine neuron loss and glial response in the 6-OHDA striatal mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 39(6): 1042-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejn.12459] [PMID: 24372914]
[42]
Solito R, Corti F, Chen CH, et al. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 activation prevents β-amyloid-induced endothelial cell dysfunction and restores angiogenesis. J Cell Sci 2013; 126(Pt 9): 1952-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.117184] [PMID: 23447675]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version343msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[03:10:10] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[03:10:10] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • warninglog[03:10:10] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[03:10:10] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (90.72ms)time
  • Application (252ms)time
  • 1 x Application (73.53%)
    252ms
    1 x Booting (26.47%)
    90.72ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    36 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 32 unique. Show only duplicated163ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('314508452','',1,1739848210,1739848210) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1739848210
      1.15msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('314508452','/article/117656',1,1739848210,1739848210)
      150μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314508452 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314508452) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314508452 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314508452) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 314508452 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314508452) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314508452 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314508452) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314508452 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314508452) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 314508452 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314508452) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314508452 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314508452) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314508452 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314508452) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 314508452 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314508452) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314508452 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314508452) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314508452 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314508452) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 314508452 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314508452) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314508452 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314508452) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314508452 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314508452) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 314508452 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314508452) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314508452 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314508452) limit 1
      13.66msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 314508452
      • 1: 314508452
      • 2: 314508452
      • 3: 314508452
      • 4: 314508452
      • 5: 314508452
      • 6: 314508452
      • 7: 314508452
      • 8: 314508452
      • 9: 314508452
      • 10: 314508452
      • 11: 314508452
      • 12: 314508452
      • 13: 314508452
      • 14: 314508452
      • 15: 314508452
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=117656
      770μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 69 limit 1
      1.27msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 69
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=69) and sj.journal_id!=69 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.44msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=69) and sj.journal_id!=69 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      1.3msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=69) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      2.15msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=69) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      1.37msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '117656'
      1.38msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 117656
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '117656'
      3.14msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 117656
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '117656' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      2.85msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 117656
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      680μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 69 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      53.88msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 69 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      16.67msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 69 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      10.01msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 117656 limit 1
      990μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 117656
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 117656 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      410μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 196119 limit 1
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 196119
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'CNSNDDT' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      440μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: CNSNDDT
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '117656' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      430μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '11241' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      350μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '3227' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      310μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314508452 and j.to_ip >=314508452 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848210 and j.to_date >= 1739848210 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3227) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314508452 and j.to_ip >=314508452 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848210 and j.to_date >= 1739848210 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3227) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314508452 and j.to_ip >=314508452 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848210 and j.to_date >= 1739848210 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3227)
      39.25msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314508452 and j.to_ip >=314508452 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848210 and j.to_date >= 1739848210 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 11241) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314508452 and j.to_ip >=314508452 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848210 and j.to_date >= 1739848210 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 11241) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314508452 and j.to_ip >=314508452 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848210 and j.to_date >= 1739848210 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 11241)
      690μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314508452 and j.to_ip >=314508452 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848210 and j.to_date >= 1739848210 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 117656) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314508452 and j.to_ip >=314508452 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848210 and j.to_date >= 1739848210 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 117656) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314508452 and j.to_ip >=314508452 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848210 and j.to_date >= 1739848210 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 117656)
      630μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '343' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 11241 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      590μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 343
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '353' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 11241 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      540μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 353
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      350μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 117656 limit 1
      2.88msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 117656
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 69 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739848210 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739848210 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.2msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 69
      • 3: 1739848210
      • 4: 1739848210
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 69 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739848210 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739848210 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.18msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 69
      • 3: 1739848210
      • 4: 1739848210
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='393efe7992f5b29ac15add4c63efcc09'
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        qxGVcsPWYtEOj45pU4YiDHtRRFYDFure6hf5NS3q
        uc_cart_id
        393efe7992f5b29ac15add4c63efcc09
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/117656" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/117656
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:9 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImUxU2Rna1diUEplQWdWcWxmR1BjM0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZmVaSjRpQmJzbmE1bFZzM2JEeUNPdXpFU0ptSEhSM2ljTk5kbkM2VWNNaz0iLCJtYWMiOiI4MjYxMTFjMjhkMDQwYWM4YjkzMWI5M2RhYmVlN2I3ZmRjZDNjOTdkYTgxYjQwNzlkMmI5OGU1MjhlOWMzYTQ1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImUxU2Rna1diUEplQWdWcWxmR1BjM0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZmVaSjRpQmJzbmE1bFZzM2JEeUNPdXpFU0ptSEhSM2ljTk5kbkM2VWNNaz0iLCJtYWMiOiI4MjYxMTFjMjhkMDQw" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 18 Feb 2025 03:10:10 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkZZbGlpS1QwWGlCTXRiNlN6OTZ4OXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidVo4ZG01dTM2V1dFdWNUZmdUdjhkeGtsckRER3NIS0taVmpBUTlGTTJjZ3J0b29mOC9lc0duZTZDQzl6U2VMSzNpeU5yQjhEcXZYakRXYnRzdS8wOXFqZlFkTzJTdnhIVitwVjdWS0RYOTBoMEVDK1ZPZFBGZlljZTB4VXhocXgiLCJtYWMiOiJiYzNkZGZjNGFiMGRjYTVhNTdhYzUwMzI3MjlhMDMyZjA5ODVlY2RmNzg4NDUzODRmOGI2ZTJjMzI3ZDg2NmQ0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 15:10:10 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkZZbGlpS1QwWGlCTXRiNlN6OTZ4OXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidVo4ZG01dTM2V1dFdWNUZmdUdjhkeGtsckRER3NIS0taVmpBUTlGTTJjZ3J0b29mOC9lc0duZTZDQzl6U2VMSzNpeU5yQ" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImljRHFjL3BvM1oxS1IyYkQ2dVJ0bFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRmM5ZG5obTBPMHVQNFZpTHNXelRWMDliTFllUmxib2tVQ05xS0ZXS3RqNlNlalBVNjJJM1lBRDFhSmNuWVZTVTVwOFpUWStVSnZveGlNdHVlMmlFNXFIVm9mYXhwb1lCTnpzbUpJT0IvbS96YTdjT3lJR09wSGZHT0NIMFRWTEIiLCJtYWMiOiJiYjIwMTMxYjJhZWY1NTNiNmExYzRjZmNkY2YzN2U5ZjM4ZTViMGI0ZGE3ODE3NGY2ZjJiOTdmNWZiZDlhM2UwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImljRHFjL3BvM1oxS1IyYkQ2dVJ0bFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRmM5ZG5obTBPMHVQNFZpTHNXelRWMDliTFllUmxib2tVQ05xS0ZXS3RqNlNlalBVNjJJM1lBRDF" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkZZbGlpS1QwWGlCTXRiNlN6OTZ4OXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidVo4ZG01dTM2V1dFdWNUZmdUdjhkeGtsckRER3NIS0taVmpBUTlGTTJjZ3J0b29mOC9lc0duZTZDQzl6U2VMSzNpeU5yQjhEcXZYakRXYnRzdS8wOXFqZlFkTzJTdnhIVitwVjdWS0RYOTBoMEVDK1ZPZFBGZlljZTB4VXhocXgiLCJtYWMiOiJiYzNkZGZjNGFiMGRjYTVhNTdhYzUwMzI3MjlhMDMyZjA5ODVlY2RmNzg4NDUzODRmOGI2ZTJjMzI3ZDg2NmQ0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 15:10:10 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkZZbGlpS1QwWGlCTXRiNlN6OTZ4OXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidVo4ZG01dTM2V1dFdWNUZmdUdjhkeGtsckRER3NIS0taVmpBUTlGTTJjZ3J0b29mOC9lc0duZTZDQzl6U2VMSzNpeU5yQ" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImljRHFjL3BvM1oxS1IyYkQ2dVJ0bFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRmM5ZG5obTBPMHVQNFZpTHNXelRWMDliTFllUmxib2tVQ05xS0ZXS3RqNlNlalBVNjJJM1lBRDFhSmNuWVZTVTVwOFpUWStVSnZveGlNdHVlMmlFNXFIVm9mYXhwb1lCTnpzbUpJT0IvbS96YTdjT3lJR09wSGZHT0NIMFRWTEIiLCJtYWMiOiJiYjIwMTMxYjJhZWY1NTNiNmExYzRjZmNkY2YzN2U5ZjM4ZTViMGI0ZGE3ODE3NGY2ZjJiOTdmNWZiZDlhM2UwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImljRHFjL3BvM1oxS1IyYkQ2dVJ0bFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRmM5ZG5obTBPMHVQNFZpTHNXelRWMDliTFllUmxib2tVQ05xS0ZXS3RqNlNlalBVNjJJM1lBRDF" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "qxGVcsPWYtEOj45pU4YiDHtRRFYDFure6hf5NS3q" "uc_cart_id" => "393efe7992f5b29ac15add4c63efcc09" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/117656" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 03:10:10GET/article/117656414361