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Current Drug Delivery

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ISSN (Print): 1567-2018
ISSN (Online): 1875-5704

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Review Article

A Brief Review of the Essential Role of Nanovehicles for Improving the Therapeutic Efficacy of Pharmacological Agents Against Tumours

Author(s): Nitin Gupta, Virendra Yadav and Rakesh Patel*

Volume 19, Issue 3, 2022

Published on: 05 January, 2022

Page: [301 - 316] Pages: 16

DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666210813144105

Price: $65

Abstract

Cancer is the leading cause of death globally. There are several differences between cancer cells and normal cells. Of all the therapies, chemotherapy is the most prominent therapy to treat cancer. However, the conventional drug delivery system that is used to deliver poorly aqueous soluble chemotherapeutic agents has several obstacles such as whole-body distribution, rapid excretion, degradation before reaching the infected site, side effects, etc. Nanoformulation of these insoluble aqueous agents is the emerging delivery system for targeted and increasing solubility. Among all the three methods (physical, chemical and biological) chemical and biological methods are mostly used for the synthesis of Nanovehicles (NVs) of different sizes, shapes and dimensions. The passive targeting delivery system in which NVs supports the pharmacological agents (drugs/genes) is a good way for resolving the obstacles with a conventional delivery system. It enhances the therapeutic efficacy of pharmacological agents (drugs/genes). These NVs have several specific characters like small size, large surface area to volume ratio, surface functionalization, etc. However, this delivery is not able to deliver site-specific delivery of drugs. An active targeting delivery system in which pharmacological agents are loaded on NVs to attack directly on cancer cells and tissues is a superior way for delivering the pharmacological agents compared to the passive targeting delivery system. Various targeting ligands have been investigated and applied for targeting the delivery of drugs such as sugar, vitamin, antibodies, protein and peptides, etc. This targeted ligand’s support to guide the NVs, accumulated directly on the cancer cells with a higher level of cellular internalization compared to passive targeting and conventional delivery system.

Keywords: Targeted delivery system, nanovehicles, cancer cells, active targeting, passive targeting, pharmacological agents (drugs/genes).

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