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ISSN (Online): 1875-5607

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Review Article

Recent Advances in the Development of Type 2 Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Author(s): Ana Karen Estrada, Timoteo Delgado-Maldonado, Edgar E. Lara-Ramírez, Ana Verónica Martínez-Vázquez, Eyra Ortiz-Pérez, Alma D. Paz-González, Debasish Bandyopadhyay and Gildardo Rivera*

Volume 22, Issue 4, 2022

Published on: 05 August, 2021

Page: [586 - 599] Pages: 14

DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210805112416

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most serious and prevalent diseases worldwide. In the last decade, type 2 sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors (iSGLT2) were approved as alternative drugs for the pharmacological treatment of T2DM. The anti-hyperglycemic mechanism of action of these drugs involves glycosuria. In addition, SGLT2 inhibitors cause beneficial effects such as weight loss, a decrease in blood pressure, and others.

Objective: This review aimed to describe the origin of SGLT2 inhibitors and analyze their recent development in preclinical and clinical trials.

Results: In 2013, the FDA approved SGLT2 inhibitors as a new alternative for the treatment of T2DM. These drugs have shown good tolerance with few adverse effects in clinical trials. Additionally, new potential anti-T2DM agents based on iSGLT2 (O-, C-, and N-glucosides) have exhibited a favorable profile in preclinical evaluations, making them candidates for advanced clinical trials.

Conclusion: The clinical results of SGLT2 inhibitors show the importance of this drug class as new anti-T2DM agents with a potential dual effect. Additionally, the preclinical results of SGLT2 inhibitors favor the design and development of more selective new agents. However, several adverse effects could be a potential risk for patients.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, SGLT2 inhibitors, C-glycosides, glucosuria, FDA, anti-T2DM.

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