摘要
碳水化合物,无论是游离的还是与其他生物分子结合的聚糖,都参与了过多的基本生物过程。它们在化学功能方面的明显简单性隐藏着非凡的多样性和结构复杂性。在原子水平上深入破译它们的结构对于了解它们的生物学功能和活性至关重要,但这仍然是一项需要补充方法的具有挑战性的任务,并且没有通用程序可用于解决对这种复杂的天然聚糖的研究。核磁共振光谱 (NMR) 的多功能性通常使其成为研究溶液介质中的聚糖和碳水化合物的首选。最基本的 NMR 参数,即化学位移、耦合常数和核 Overhauser 效应,允许定义短链或重复链序列,并在自由状态或与其他生物分子相互作用时表征它们的结构和局部几何形状,从而提供有关分子的更多信息识别过程。广泛或选择性地用 13C 标记的碳水化合物分子的可及性增加正在提高分析的聚糖结构可以达到的分辨率和细节。反过来,从 NMR 得到的结构信息与分子建模和理论计算相辅相成,也可以提供有关碳水化合物结构构象灵活性的动态信息。此外,使用部分定向的介质或顺磁扰动,可以引入额外的远程可观测物,从而呈现更长和支链聚糖链的结构信息。在这篇综述中,我们提供了这些研究的例子,并概述了糖生物学领域最近和最相关的 NMR 应用。
关键词: 碳水化合物、聚糖、核磁共振、结构、构象分析、分子识别
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