Generic placeholder image

The Natural Products Journal

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2210-3155
ISSN (Online): 2210-3163

Research Article

Antifungal Activity of Green and Red Brazilian Propolis Extracts

Author(s): Márcia Christina Dornelas de Freitas, Nívea Pereira de Sá, Blenda Fernandes Carvalho, Anny Caroline Messias, Gabriela Fonseca Lopes, Bruno de Moura Almeida, Jane José Almeida, José Alexandre Abreu, Nancy S. Binda, Rachel Basques Caligiorne*, Sidney Augusto Vieira-Filho, Susana Johann and Sônia Maria de Figueiredo

Volume 12, Issue 2, 2022

Published on: 02 March, 2021

Article ID: e020321191979 Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/2210315511666210302161514

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Diseases associated to Candida spp. are recurrent and can be difficult to treat, mainly due to the new strains resistant to the limited number of available antifungals.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo activity of Brazilian green propolis (GrProp) and red propolis (RdProp) ethanolic extracts against standard strains of Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and 10 clinical isolates of C. albicans.

Methods: Antifungal activity in vitro was tested using the M-27-A3/CLSI protocol. The in vivo antifungal activity was evaluated using Tenebrio molitor model and, the effect of extracts on adhesion of C. albicans in human buccal epithelial cells (BECs) was also studied.

Results: GrProp and RdProp exhibited antifungal activity against at least one of the Candida strains tested. The adhesion inhibition of C. albicans in BECs was 45% (GrProp28), 60% (Gr- Prop50) and 82% (RdProp), in comparison to amphotericin B (82%). All propolis extracts showed synergistic activity with fluconazole and amphotericin B. GrProp50 (10 mg/kg) showed better protection of T. molitor, blocking the progression of C. albicans infection, increasing survival and delayed the larvae death.

Conclusion: Brazilian GrProp and RdProp extracts inhibit the in vitro C. albicans growth and protect T. molitor against infection by this yeast. The physiochemical parameters found for the analyzed samples were in accordance to the standards established by the Brazilian Legislation for propolis and derivatives. GrProp and RdProp have potential to be used against Candida spp. infections, mainly in association with fluconazole or amphotericin B.

Keywords: Antifungal activity, Brazilian propolis, Candida albicans, candidemia, Sinergy testing, Tenebrio molitor.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
de Barros, P.P.; Rossoni, R.D.; de Souza, C.M.; Scorzoni, L.; Fenley, J.C.; Junqueira, J.C. Candida biofilms: An update on developmental mechanisms and therapeutic challenges. Mycopathologia, 2020, 185(3), 415-424.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11046-020-00445-w] [PMID: 32277380]
[2]
Muderris, T.; Kaya, S.; Ormen, B.; Gokmen, A .A.; Akpınar, C.V.; Gul, Y.S. Mortality and risk factor analysis for Candida blood stream infection: A three-year retrospective study. J. Mycol. Med., 2020, 30(3), 101008.
[3]
Silva, S.; Rodrigues, C.F.; Araújo, D.; Rodrigues, M.E.; Henriques, M. Candida species biofilms’ antifungal resistance. J. Fungi (Basel), 2017, 3(1), 1-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof3010008] [PMID: 29371527]
[4]
Peixoto, J.V.; Rocha, M.G.; Nascimento, R.T.L.; Moreira, V.V.; Kashiwabara, T.G.B. Candidiase - A literature review. Braz J. Surg. Clin. Res., 2014, 8(2), 75-82.
[5]
Vieira, A.J.H.; Santos, J.I. Mechanisms of resistance of Candida albicans to the antifungals fluconazole, amphotericin B and caspofungin. Rev. Bras. Anal. Clin., 2017, 49(3), 235-239.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.21877/2448-3877.201600407]
[6]
Kaur, H.; Shankarnarayana, S.A.; Hallur, V.; Muralidharan, J.; Biswal, M.; Ghosh, A.K.; Ray, P.; Chakrabarti, A.; Rudramurthy, S.M. Prolonged outbreak of Candida krusei candidemia in paediatric ward of tertiary care hospital. Mycopathologia, 2020, 185(2), 257-268.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11046-020-00427-y] [PMID: 31983047]
[7]
Vieira, C.A.; de Souza, W.W.R.; Lima, J.S.; Goulart, L.S. Comparative study of Candida species: and fungal susceptibility and virulence genes. Multitemas, 2018, 23(54), 169-182.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.20435/multi.v23i54.1709]
[8]
Gonçalves, S.S.; Souza, A.C.R.; Chowdhary, A.; Meis, J.F.; Colombo, A.L. Epidemiology and molecular mechanisms of antifungal resistance in Candida and Aspergillus. Mycoses, 2016, 59(4), 198-219.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/myc.12469] [PMID: 26810669]
[9]
Nett, J.E. Candida auris: An emerging pathogen “incognito”? PLoS Pathog, 2019, 15(4), e1007638.
[10]
Schelenz, S.; Hagen, F.; Rhodes, J.L.; Abdolrasouli, A.; Chowdhary, A.; Hall, A.; Ryan, L.; Shackleton, J.; Trimlett, R.; Meis, J.F.; Armstrong-James, D.; Fisher, M.C. First hospital outbreak of the globally emerging Candida auris in a European hospital. Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control, 2016, 5(35), 35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13756-016-0132-5] [PMID: 27777756]
[11]
Ford, C.B.; Funt, J.M.; Abbey, D.; Issi, L.; Guiducci, C.; Martinez, D.A.; Delorey, T.; Li, B.Y.; White, T.C.; Cuomo, C.; Rao, R.P.; Berman, J.; Thompson, D.A.; Regev, A. The evolution of drug resistance in clinical isolates of Candida albicans. eLife, 2015, 4(4), e00662.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00662] [PMID: 25646566]
[12]
Li, L.; Redding, S.; Dongari-Bagtzoglou, A. Candida glabrata: an emerging oral opportunistic pathogen. J. Dent. Res., 2007, 86(3), 204-215.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910708600304] [PMID: 17314251]
[13]
Gomes, C.L.; Cavalcante, J.E.; Cunha, F.A.; Amorim, L.N.; Menezes, E.A. Identificação e perfil desensibilidade de Candida spp. isoladas de urina de pacientes com candidúria em Iguatu-Ceará. Rev. Bras. Anal. Clin., 2010, 42(3), 223-225.
[14]
Garcia-Cuesta, C.; Sarrion-Pérez, M.G.; Bagán, J.V. Current treatment of oral candidiasis: A literature review. J. Clin. Exp. Dent., 2014, 6(5), e576-e582.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4317/jced.51798] [PMID: 25674329]
[15]
Nakamura, H.M.; Caldeira, S.M.; Avila, M.A.G. Incidence of fungic infections in surgery patients: A retrospective approach. Rev. SOBECC, 2013, 18(3), 49-58.
[16]
Staniszewska, M.; Bondaryk, M.; Piłat, J.; Siennicka, K.; Magda, U.; Kurzatkowski, W. Candida albicans virulence factors of Candida albicans. Przegl. Epidemiol., 2012, 66(4), 629-633.
[PMID: 23484392]
[17]
da Silva Frozza, C.O.; da Silva Brum, E.; Alving, A.; Moura, S.; Henriques, J.A.P.; Roesch-Ely, M. LC-MS analysis of Hep-2 and Hek-293 cell lines treated with Brazilian red propolis reveals differences in protein expression. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 2016, 68(8), 1073-1084.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12577] [PMID: 27283471]
[18]
Osaigbovo, I.I.; Lofor, P.V.; Oladele, R.O. Fluconazole resistance among Oral Candida isolates from people living with HIV/AIDS in a nigerian tertiary hospital. J. Fungi (Basel), 2017, 3(4), 1-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof3040069] [PMID: 29371583]
[19]
Colombo, A.L. Epidemiology and treatment of hematogenous candidiasis: a Brazilian perspective. Braz. J. Infect. Dis., 2000, 4(3), 113-118.
[PMID: 10934493]
[20]
Pfaller, M.A.; Diekema, D.J. Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: a persistent public health problem. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 2007, 20(1), 133-163.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00029-06] [PMID: 17223626]
[21]
Menezes, E.A.; Mendes, L.G.; Cunha, F.A. Antifungal resistance of Candida tropicalis isolated in the State of Ceará. Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop., 2009, 42(3), 354-355.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86822009000300024] [PMID: 19684991]
[22]
Lopes, G.; Pinto, E.; Andrade, P.B.; Valentão, P. Antifungal activity of phlorotannins against dermatophytes and yeasts: approaches to the mechanism of action and influence on Candida albicans virulence factor. PLoS One, 2013, 8(8), e72203.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072203] [PMID: 23951297]
[23]
de Figueiredo, S.M.; Binda, N.S.; Vieira-Filho, S.A.; Almeida, B.M.; Abreu, S.R.L.; Paulino, N.; Pastore, G.M.; Sato, H.H.; Theodoropoulos, V.C.T.; Tapia, E.V.; Park, Y.K.; Caligiorne, R.B. Physicochemical characteristics of brazilian green propolis evaluated during a six-year period. Curr. Drug Discov. Technol., 2017, 14(2), 127-134.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570163813666161220151425] [PMID: 28000555]
[24]
Siqueira, A.B.; Gomes, B.S.; Cambuim, I.; Maia, R.; Abreu, S.; Souza-Motta, C.M.; de Queiroz, L.A.; Porto, A.L. Trichophyton species susceptibility to green and red propolis from Brazil. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 2009, 48(1), 90-96.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02494.x] [PMID: 19018958]
[25]
Bispo-Junior, W.; Miranda, E.O.; Alvino, V.; Araujo, B.; Silva, D.W.; Porfirio, Z. Antimicrobial activity of fractions of red propolis from Alagoas, Brazil. Semina: Cien. Biol. Saúde, 2012, 33(1), 3-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0367.2012v33n1p3]
[26]
Lopez, B.G.C.; de Lourenço, C.C.; Alves, D.A.; Machado, D.; Lancellotti, M.; Sawaya, A.C. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of red propolis: an alert for its safe use. J. Appl. Microbiol., 2015, 119(3), 677-687.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jam.12874] [PMID: 26086953]
[27]
Pippi, B.; Lana, A.J.; Moraes, R.C.; Güez, C.M.; Machado, M.; de Oliveira, L.F.; Lino von Poser, G.; Fuentefria, A.M. In vitro evaluation of the acquisition of resistance, antifungal activity and synergism of Brazilian red propolis with antifungal drugs on Candida spp. J. Appl. Microbiol., 2015, 118(4), 839-850.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jam.12746] [PMID: 25565139]
[28]
Siqueira, A.B.; Rodriguez, L.R.; Santos, R.K.; Marinho, R.R.; Abreu, S.; Peixoto, R.F.; Gurgel, B.C. Antifungal activity of propolis against Candida species isolated from cases of chronic periodontitis. Braz. Oral Res., 2015, 29(1), 1-6.
[29]
das Neves, M.V.; da Silva, T.M.; Lima, Ede.O.; da Cunha, E.V.; Oliveira, Ede.J. Isoflavone formononetin from red propolis acts as a fungicide against Candida sp. Braz. J. Microbiol., 2016, 47(1), 159-166.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2015.11.009] [PMID: 26887239]
[30]
Regueira-Neto, M.S.; Tintino, S.R.; da Silva, A.R.P.; Costa, M.D.S.; Boligon, A.A.; Matias, E.F.F.; de Queiroz Balbino, V.; Menezes, I.R.A.; Melo Coutinho, H.D. Seasonal variation of Brazilian red propolis: Antibacterial activity, synergistic effect and phytochemical screening. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2017, 107(B), 572-580.
[31]
Canteri de Souza, P.; Custódio Caloni, C.; Wilson, D.; Sergio Almeida, R. An invertebrate host to study fungal infections, mycotoxins and antifungal drugs: Tenebrio molitor. J. Fungi (Basel), 2018, 4(4), 1-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof4040125] [PMID: 30424549]
[32]
Park, Y.K.; Ikegaki, M.; Alencar, S.M. Classification of Brazilian propolis by both physicochemical methods and biological activity. Mensagem Doce, 2000, 58, 2-7.
[33]
da Cruz Almeida, E.T.; da Silva, M.C.D.; Oliveira, J.M.D.S.; Kamiya, R.U.; Arruda, R.E.D.S.; Vieira, D.A.; Silva, V.D.C.; Escodro, P.B.; Basílio-Júnior, I.D.; do Nascimento, T.G. Chemical and microbiological characterization of tinctures and microcapsules loaded with Brazilian red propolis extract. J. Pharm. Anal., 2017, 7(5), 280-287.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2017.03.004] [PMID: 29404050]
[34]
de-Melo, A.A.M.; Matsuda, A.H.; Almeida-Muradian, L. Identity and quality of propolis from four regions of Brazil. Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz, 2012, 71(3), 540-548.
[35]
de Figueiredo, S.M.; Binda, N.S.; Almeida, Bde.M.; Lemos Abreu, S.R.; Silva de Abreu, J.A.; Pastore, G.M.; Sato, H.H.; Toreti, V.C.; Tapia, E.V.; Park, Y.K.; Vieira Filho, S.A.; Caligiorne, R.B. Green propolis: Thirteen constituents of polar extract and total flavonoids evaluated during a six year period through RP-HPLC. Curr. Drug Discov. Technol., 2015, 12(4), 229-239.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570163812666150929102420] [PMID: 26416665]
[36]
Alencar, S.M.; Oldoni, T.L.C.; Castro, M.L.; Cabral, I.S.R.; Costa-Neto, C.M.; Cury, J.A.; Rosalen, P.L.; Ikegaki, M. Chemical composition and biological activity of a new type of Brazilian propolis: red propolis. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2007, 113(2), 278-283.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.06.005] [PMID: 17656055]
[37]
Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute – CLSI. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts, 2008.
[38]
Johann, S.; Soldi, C.; Lyon, J.P.; Pizzolatti, M.G.; Resende, M.A. Antifungal activity of the amyrin derivatives and in vitro inhibition of Candida albicans adhesion to human epithelial cells. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 2007, 45(2), 148-153.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02162.x] [PMID: 17651210]
[39]
Lyon, J.P.; de Resende, M.A. Correlation between adhesion, enzyme production, and susceptibility to fluconazole in Candida albicans obtained from denture wearers. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod., 2006, 102(5), 632-638.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.12.015] [PMID: 17052640]
[40]
Kimura, L.H.; Pearsall, N.N. Adherence of Candida albicans to human buccal epthelial cells. Infect. Imun., 1978, 21(1), 64-88.
[41]
Ellepola, A.N.B.; Panagoda, G.J.; Samaranayake, L.P. Adhesion of oral Candida species to human buccal epithelial cells following brief exposure to nystatin. Oral Microbiol. Immunol., 1999, 14(6), 358-363.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-302X.1999.140605.x] [PMID: 10895691]
[42]
Silva, F.R.G.; Matias, T.M.S.; Souza, L.I.O.; Matos-Rocha, T.J.; Fonseca, S.A.; Mousinho, K.C.; Santos, A.F. Phytochemical screening and in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and antitumor activities of the red propolis Alagoas. Braz. J. Biol., 2019, 79(3), 452-459.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.182959] [PMID: 30379200]
[43]
Silva, B.B.; Rosalen, P.L.; Cury, J.A.; Ikegaki, M.; Souza, V.C.; Esteves, A.; Alencar, S.M. Chemical composition and botanical origin of red propolis, a new type of brazilian propolis. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2008, 5(3), 313-316.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nem059] [PMID: 18830449]
[44]
de Freitas, M.C.D.; de Miranda, M.B.; de Oliveira, D.T.; Vieira- Filho, S.A.; Caligiorne, R.B.; de Figueiredo, S.M. Biological activities of red propolis: A review. Recent Pat. Endocr. Metab. Immune Drug Discov., 2017, 11(1), 3-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872214812666180223120316] [PMID: 29473533]
[45]
Tobaldini-Valerio, F.K.; Bonfim-Mendonça, P.S.; Rosseto, H.C.; Bruschi, M.L.; Henriques, M.; Negri, M.; Silva, S.; Svidzinski, T.Ie. Propolis: a potential natural product to fight Candida species infections. Future Microbiol., 2016, 11(8), 1035-1046.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2015-0016] [PMID: 27501739]
[46]
Ota, C.; Unterkircher, C.; Fantinato, V.; Shimizu, M.T. Antifungal activity of propolis on different species of Candida. Mycoses, 2001, 44(9-10), 375-378.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0507.2001.00671.x] [PMID: 11766101]
[47]
de Almeida, L.F.D.; Cavalcanti, B.R.L.J.; Junior, B.R.L.; Lima, E.O. Antifungal effect of tinctures from propolis and pomegranate against species of Candida. Rev. Cubana Estomatol., 2012, 26(2), 99-106.
[48]
Longhini, R.; Raksa, S.M.; Oliveira, A.C.P.; Svidzinski, T.I.E.; Franco, S.L. Obtenção de extratos de própolis sob diferentes condições e avaliação de sua atividade antifúngica. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn., 2007, 17(3), 388-395.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2007000300015]
[49]
Gabler, I.G.; Barbosa, A.C.; Velela, R.R.; Lyon, S.; Rosa, C.A. Incidence and anatomic localization of oral candidiasis in patients with AIDS hospitalized in a public hospital in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. J. Appl. Oral Sci., 2008, 16(4), 247-250.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1678-77572008000400004] [PMID: 19089255]
[50]
Filippin, F.B.; Souza, L.C. Eficiência terapêutica das formulações lipídicas de anfotericina B. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Farm., 2006, 42(2), 167-194.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-93322006000200003]
[51]
Stepanović, S.; Antić, N.; Dakić, I.; Svabić-Vlahović, M. In vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis and synergism between propolis and antimicrobial drugs. Microbiol. Res., 2003, 158(4), 353-357.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/0944-5013-00215] [PMID: 14717457]
[52]
Boisard, S.; Ray, AML; Landreau , A.; Kempf, M.; Cassisa , V.; Flurin , C.; Richomme, P. Antifungal and antibacterial metabolites from a French poplar type propolis. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2015, 2015(319240), 1-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/319240]
[53]
Fenner, R.; Betti, A.H.; Mentz, L.A.; Rates, S.M.K. Plants with potential antifungal activity employed in Brazilian folk medicine. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Farm., 2006, 42(3), 369-394.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-93322006000300007]
[54]
Pereira, D.S.; Abrantes, M.R.; Coelho, W.A.C.; Freitas, M.O.; Freitas, C.I.A.; Silva, J.B.A. Antibiotic potential of the Potiguar bee propolis on the bacteria of veterinary importance. Rev. Verde Agroecol. Desenvolv. Sustent., 2016, 11(3), 151-158.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v11i3.4377]
[55]
D’Auria, F.D.; Tecca, M.; Scazzocchio, F.; Renzini, V.; Strippoli, V. Effect of propolis on virulence factors of Candida albicans. J. Chemother., 2003, 15(5), 454-460.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/joc.2003.15.5.454] [PMID: 14598937]
[56]
Tronchin, G.; Pihet, M.; Lopes-Bezerra, L.M.; Bouchara, J.P. Adherence mechanisms in human pathogenic fungi. Med. Mycol., 2008, 46(8), 749-772.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13693780802206435] [PMID: 18651303]
[57]
Calderone, R.A.; Fonzi, W.A. Virulence factors of Candida albicans. Trends Microbiol., 2001, 9(7), 327-335.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0966-842X(01)02094-7] [PMID: 11435107]
[58]
Serrano-Granger, C.; Cerero-Lapiedra, R.; Campo-Trapero, J.; Del Río-Highsmith, J. In vitro study of the adherence of Candida albicans to acrylic resins: relationship to surface energy. Int. J. Prosthodont., 2005, 18(5), 392-398.
[PMID: 16220804]
[59]
Thaweboon, B.; Thaweboon, S. Effect of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. on candida adhesion to oral epithelium and denture acrylic. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med., 2011, 4(1), 41-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60029-1] [PMID: 21771413]
[60]
Santos, V.R.; Pimenta, F.J.; Aguiar, M.C.; do Carmo, M.A.; Naves, M.D.; Mesquita, R.A. Oral candidiasis treatment with Brazilian ethanol propolis extract. Phytother. Res., 2005, 19(7), 652-654.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1715] [PMID: 16161031]
[61]
de Souza, P.C.; Morey, A.T.; Castanheira, G.M.; Bocate, K.P.; Panagio, L.A.; Ito, F.A.; Furlaneto, M.C.; Yamada-Ogatta, S.F.; Costa, I.N.; Mora-Montes, H.M.; Almeida, R.S. Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) as an alternative host to study fungal infections. J. Microbiol. Methods, 2015, 118, 182-186.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2015.10.004] [PMID: 26453946]
[62]
Verma, A.H.; Richardson, J.P.; Zhou, C.; Coleman, B.M.; Moyes, D.L.; Ho, J.; Huppler, A.R.; Ramani, K.; McGeachy, M.J.; Mufazalov, I.A.; Waisman, A.; Kane, L.P.; Biswas, P.S.; Hube, B.; Naglik, J.R.; Gaffen, S.L. Oral epithelial cells orchestrate innate type 17 responses to Candida albicans through the virulence factor candidalysin. Sci. Immunol., 2017, 2(17), eaam8834.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aam8834] [PMID: 29101209]
[63]
Celerino de Moraes Porto, I.C.; Chaves Cardoso de Almeida, D.; Vasconcelos Calheiros de Oliveira Costa, G.; Sampaio Donato, T.S.; Moreira Nunes, L.; Gomes do Nascimento, T.; Dos Santos Oliveira, J.M.; Batista da Silva, C.; Barbosa Dos Santos, N.; de Alencar E Silva Leite, M.L.; Diniz Basílio-Júnior, I.; Braga Dornelas, C.; Barnabé Escodro, P.; da Silva Fonseca, E.J.; Umeko Kamiya, R. Mechanical and aesthetics compatibility of Brazilian red propolis micellar nanocomposite as a cavity cleaning agent. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 2018, 18(1), 219.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2281-y] [PMID: 30021632]
[64]
Fuchs, B.B.; O’Brien, E.; Khoury, J.B.E.; Mylonakis, E. Methods for using Galleria mellonella as a model host to study fungal pathogenesis. Virulence, 2010, 1(6), 475-482.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/viru.1.6.12985] [PMID: 21178491]
[65]
Braakhuis, A. Evidence on the health benefits of supplemental propolis. Nutrients, 2019, 11(11), 1-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112705]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version335msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[08:44:02] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[08:44:02] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • warninglog[08:44:02] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[08:44:02] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (116ms)time
  • Application (219ms)time
  • 1 x Application (65.48%)
    219ms
    1 x Booting (34.52%)
    116ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    36 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 32 unique. Show only duplicated133ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('873336012','',1,1740473042,1740473042) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740473042
      1.1msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('873336012','/article/114682',1,1740473042,1740473042)
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 873336012 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 873336012) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 873336012 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 873336012) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 873336012 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 873336012) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 873336012 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 873336012) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 873336012 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 873336012) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 873336012 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 873336012) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 873336012 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 873336012) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 873336012 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 873336012) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 873336012 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 873336012) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 873336012 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 873336012) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 873336012 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 873336012) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 873336012 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 873336012) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 873336012 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 873336012) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 873336012 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 873336012) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 873336012 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 873336012) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 873336012 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 873336012) limit 1
      12.09msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 873336012
      • 1: 873336012
      • 2: 873336012
      • 3: 873336012
      • 4: 873336012
      • 5: 873336012
      • 6: 873336012
      • 7: 873336012
      • 8: 873336012
      • 9: 873336012
      • 10: 873336012
      • 11: 873336012
      • 12: 873336012
      • 13: 873336012
      • 14: 873336012
      • 15: 873336012
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=114682
      710μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 118 limit 1
      790μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 118
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=118) and sj.journal_id!=118 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      750μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=118) and sj.journal_id!=118 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      660μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=118) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.94msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=118) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      1.66msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '114682'
      1.35msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 114682
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '114682'
      2.36msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 114682
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '114682' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      1.49msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 114682
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      480μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 118 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      23.54msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 118 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      5.81msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 118 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      4.85msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 114682 limit 1
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 114682
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 114682 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      350μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 191979 limit 1
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 191979
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'NPJ' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      340μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: NPJ
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '114682' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      470μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '11368' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      400μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '3180' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      390μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873336012 and j.to_ip >=873336012 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740473042 and j.to_date >= 1740473042 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3180) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873336012 and j.to_ip >=873336012 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740473042 and j.to_date >= 1740473042 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3180) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873336012 and j.to_ip >=873336012 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740473042 and j.to_date >= 1740473042 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3180)
      60.26msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873336012 and j.to_ip >=873336012 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740473042 and j.to_date >= 1740473042 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 11368) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873336012 and j.to_ip >=873336012 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740473042 and j.to_date >= 1740473042 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 11368) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873336012 and j.to_ip >=873336012 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740473042 and j.to_date >= 1740473042 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 11368)
      690μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873336012 and j.to_ip >=873336012 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740473042 and j.to_date >= 1740473042 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 114682) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873336012 and j.to_ip >=873336012 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740473042 and j.to_date >= 1740473042 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 114682) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873336012 and j.to_ip >=873336012 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740473042 and j.to_date >= 1740473042 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 114682)
      580μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '77' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 11368 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      720μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 77
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '87' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 11368 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      660μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 87
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 114682 limit 1
      3.85msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 114682
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 118 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740473042 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740473042 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.62msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 118
      • 3: 1740473042
      • 4: 1740473042
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 118 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740473042 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740473042 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.12msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 118
      • 3: 1740473042
      • 4: 1740473042
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='8b6a1eaf1e65d8473bbce48a696b1e93'
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        fkJz4DIIy83sC33JM0SRKKLb0Ffh5Ql6fCxFf7V5
        uc_cart_id
        8b6a1eaf1e65d8473bbce48a696b1e93
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/114682" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/114682
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:8 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 08:44:02 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjVOM3JwcW9ESk1PUktGeTBLdlFDa3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidk5Lb3RJcVI4MkNlNmNLdzB6YUcvKzZNcTdJQ0xERDFzb1pDbHF5K203K2NYRzV5d0pwKzdmUm5NVW5sT05iREtRWm4zc05ITEtwOHpEbmJCcmpob3B4ZlhjQXl5bnVtUjNDMThsZUtRSjNlYWdma1ozdEg1L1MvQjhxUWpCZWUiLCJtYWMiOiI3ODBiNDQ3ZTE0ODJkY2Q3ODVlZjhjMTNlZTFjMThjZjBjYWUwMTQ5NzQ5MjQ1ZGM4ZWVmOWY1ZTE4YzBjZGM5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27 Feb 2025 20:44:02 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjVOM3JwcW9ESk1PUktGeTBLdlFDa3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidk5Lb3RJcVI4MkNlNmNLdzB6YUcvKzZNcTdJQ0xERDFzb1pDbHF5K203K2NYRzV5d0pwKzdmUm5NVW5sT05iREtRWm4zc" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImF4TjhXeHFnVlpSS2IxMG8zaDNFbnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOU16Q2IvZWtuV1N4UnJNLy9JOWxvTjQ0MHRaeDF0MVdWa1ZNK0dFTXBBRk9UdXQrbE43OU4wamdMenBYQi81VUx1VFE0MmRneEdYM295ckh3c2xvUC9VN1NJYXZoRklYUFVnanhUSmdBbXpuNVdsYXdvclQzU0ZtTElhVnZ2bVEiLCJtYWMiOiIyYTRlNGRiOWE4NGZlOTIxMjNkNjU0Nzc4OWM0YWJhMDZlOTk4MWVkYjUzMjRmZDBiODA4Y2E3Y2ZkMzVlNjIxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImF4TjhXeHFnVlpSS2IxMG8zaDNFbnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOU16Q2IvZWtuV1N4UnJNLy9JOWxvTjQ0MHRaeDF0MVdWa1ZNK0dFTXBBRk9UdXQrbE43OU4wamd" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjVOM3JwcW9ESk1PUktGeTBLdlFDa3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidk5Lb3RJcVI4MkNlNmNLdzB6YUcvKzZNcTdJQ0xERDFzb1pDbHF5K203K2NYRzV5d0pwKzdmUm5NVW5sT05iREtRWm4zc05ITEtwOHpEbmJCcmpob3B4ZlhjQXl5bnVtUjNDMThsZUtRSjNlYWdma1ozdEg1L1MvQjhxUWpCZWUiLCJtYWMiOiI3ODBiNDQ3ZTE0ODJkY2Q3ODVlZjhjMTNlZTFjMThjZjBjYWUwMTQ5NzQ5MjQ1ZGM4ZWVmOWY1ZTE4YzBjZGM5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27-Feb-2025 20:44:02 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjVOM3JwcW9ESk1PUktGeTBLdlFDa3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidk5Lb3RJcVI4MkNlNmNLdzB6YUcvKzZNcTdJQ0xERDFzb1pDbHF5K203K2NYRzV5d0pwKzdmUm5NVW5sT05iREtRWm4zc" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImF4TjhXeHFnVlpSS2IxMG8zaDNFbnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOU16Q2IvZWtuV1N4UnJNLy9JOWxvTjQ0MHRaeDF0MVdWa1ZNK0dFTXBBRk9UdXQrbE43OU4wamdMenBYQi81VUx1VFE0MmRneEdYM295ckh3c2xvUC9VN1NJYXZoRklYUFVnanhUSmdBbXpuNVdsYXdvclQzU0ZtTElhVnZ2bVEiLCJtYWMiOiIyYTRlNGRiOWE4NGZlOTIxMjNkNjU0Nzc4OWM0YWJhMDZlOTk4MWVkYjUzMjRmZDBiODA4Y2E3Y2ZkMzVlNjIxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImF4TjhXeHFnVlpSS2IxMG8zaDNFbnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOU16Q2IvZWtuV1N4UnJNLy9JOWxvTjQ0MHRaeDF0MVdWa1ZNK0dFTXBBRk9UdXQrbE43OU4wamd" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "fkJz4DIIy83sC33JM0SRKKLb0Ffh5Ql6fCxFf7V5" "uc_cart_id" => "8b6a1eaf1e65d8473bbce48a696b1e93" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/114682" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 08:44:02GET/article/114682414361