摘要
长链非编码 RNA (LncRNA) 是一类长度超过 200 个核苷酸的非编码调控 RNA,它们位于细胞核或细胞质中,很少编码蛋白质。越来越多的证据表明 lncRNA 在不同的细胞活动中充当分子开关,如分化、凋亡以及通过修改基因表达模式来重新编程细胞状态。大量 lncRNA 及其在不同类型恶性肿瘤中的广泛表达模式、肿瘤显性及其在循环体液中的稳定性的揭示为新兴的癌症诊断和治疗提供了创新基础。通过细胞信号通路的失调和表观转录组及其表达的改变,克服了与 lncRNA 在致癌作用中相关的机制。指定这些属性,很明显,改进识别具有更高影响力的 lncRNA 的新工具将是确定 lncRNA 在各种恶性生长中的表达模式的基础,并且同样可用于设想癌症预后。患者的结果。基于 RNA 靶向疗法的改进为调节 lncRNA 以实现抗癌计划提供了令人难以置信的前景。今后,lncRNA 可以专门用作可能的癌症生物标志物,用于早期诊断和预测恶性肿瘤以及转移。除了基本的治疗目标之外,lncRNA 还具有弹性保证,可以通过表观转录组学信息的接口,揭示恶性生长的创新诊断和治疗方法。本综述旨在简要讨论有关一些重要 lncRNA 在癌症发病机制、调控和 lncRNA 相关表观遗传学中的作用和机制的最新发现,以及针对 lncRNA 的潜在方法,用于即将进行的恶性肿瘤诊断和治疗干预。
关键词: LncRNA、表观遗传、基因表达、恶性生长、转移、创新诊断。
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