Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the most frequently used therapeutic strategy in PCa; however, the development of resistance to ADT, known as castration- resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), continues to be a major obstacle against the successful treatment of PCa. The abnormal activation of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway has been found as one of the main contributing factors to the development of resistance in CRPC. Therefore, AR regulatory strategies are urgently required to combat resistance. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found as major AR regulatory factors affecting ADT resistance. MiRNAs can target AR itself, AR-related genes, AR splice variants, AR-related signaling pathways as well as cancer stem cells (CSCs), and play critical roles in regulating ADT resistance. Due to their capability to affect various genes and signaling pathways, miRNAs are now being studied for their potential role as a new therapeutic target in CRPC. It has been recommended that combination therapies, including miRNAs and existing drugs, can synergistically decrease castration resistance. miRNAs also have prognostic values for ADT, and their expression profiling in CRPC patients before therapeutic scheduling may enable the physician to diagnose patients who are ADT-resistant. Overall, extant evidence obviously supports the predictive and therapeutic potential of miRNAs in CRPC patients. This review summarizes the available information about the microRNA-mediated AR controlling mechanisms involved in ADT resistance.
Keywords: Prostate cancer, castration-resistance, androgen receptor, microRNA, androgen deprivation therapy, combination therapy.
Graphical Abstract
Current Molecular Pharmacology
Title:MicroRNA Regulation of Androgen Receptor in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Premises, Promises, and Potentials
Volume: 14
Author(s): Safieh Ebrahimi, Seyed Isaac Hashemy, Amirhossein Sahebkar and Seyed Hamid Aghaee Bakhtiari*
Affiliation:
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad,,Iran
Keywords: Prostate cancer, castration-resistance, androgen receptor, microRNA, androgen deprivation therapy, combination therapy.
Abstract: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the most frequently used therapeutic strategy in PCa; however, the development of resistance to ADT, known as castration- resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), continues to be a major obstacle against the successful treatment of PCa. The abnormal activation of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway has been found as one of the main contributing factors to the development of resistance in CRPC. Therefore, AR regulatory strategies are urgently required to combat resistance. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found as major AR regulatory factors affecting ADT resistance. MiRNAs can target AR itself, AR-related genes, AR splice variants, AR-related signaling pathways as well as cancer stem cells (CSCs), and play critical roles in regulating ADT resistance. Due to their capability to affect various genes and signaling pathways, miRNAs are now being studied for their potential role as a new therapeutic target in CRPC. It has been recommended that combination therapies, including miRNAs and existing drugs, can synergistically decrease castration resistance. miRNAs also have prognostic values for ADT, and their expression profiling in CRPC patients before therapeutic scheduling may enable the physician to diagnose patients who are ADT-resistant. Overall, extant evidence obviously supports the predictive and therapeutic potential of miRNAs in CRPC patients. This review summarizes the available information about the microRNA-mediated AR controlling mechanisms involved in ADT resistance.
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Cite this article as:
Ebrahimi Safieh , Hashemy Isaac Seyed , Sahebkar Amirhossein and Aghaee Bakhtiari Hamid Seyed *, MicroRNA Regulation of Androgen Receptor in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Premises, Promises, and Potentials, Current Molecular Pharmacology 2021; 14 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467213666201223121850
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467213666201223121850 |
Print ISSN 1874-4672 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1874-4702 |
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