Generic placeholder image

Current Nanoscience

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-4137
ISSN (Online): 1875-6786

Mini-Review Article

Biomimicry: Recent Updates on Nanotechnology Innovations Inspired by Nature Creations

Author(s): Sinchana Raj and Manjunatha Channegowda*

Volume 17, Issue 5, 2021

Published on: 27 November, 2020

Page: [659 - 669] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/1573413716999201127111149

Price: $65

Abstract

Nature mimicry rather, biomimicry is one such field being considered for the backbone of the most astounding inventions in recent science and technology. Biomimicry combined with nanotechnology developed many sustainable solutions to satisfy problems existing in daily life. In this article, we explore the individual concepts of biomimicry and nano-technology and then the combination of the both. The current review mainly focusses on nano innovations inspired by lotus leaf, gecko feet, butterfly wings, shark skin and peacock spider. We then look at the biological structures (more in nano-dimensions) from the entrenched interference patterns found on the butterfly wings inspiring in the development of display technologies to the self-cleaning properties of lotus that has resulted in the synthesis of nano materials having self-cleaning properties. In addition, insects like spiders which have inspired the most important inventions like optical devices, sensors, are also investigated. The challenges faced while implementing the biomimetic approach into technology are explained. We have also tried to shed light on the solutions which can tackle these challenges and issues.

Keywords: Nature mimicry, biomimicry, nanotechnology, bio-mineralisation, magnetotactic bacteria, nano innovations.

Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Sarikaya, M.; Tamerler, C.; Jen, A.; Schulten, Y.; Baneyx, K. Molecular biomimetics: nanotechnology through biology. Nat. Mater., 2003, 2, 577.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat964] [PMID: 12951599]
[2]
Aziz, M.S. Biomimicry as an approach for bio-inspired structure with the aid of computation. Alexandria Eng. J., 2016, 55, 707-714.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2015.10.015]
[3]
Cohen, Y.H.; Reich, Y. Biomimetic design method for innovation and sustainability; Springer, 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33997-9]
[4]
Bar-Cohen, Y. Biomimetics: biologically inspired technologies; CRC Press, 2005.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780849331633]
[5]
Bensaude-Vincent, B. Bio-informed emerging technologies and their relation to the sustainability aims of biomimicry. Environ. Values, 2019, 28, 551-571.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096327119X15579936382392]
[6]
Poppinga, S.; Correa, D.; Bruchmann, B.; Menges, A.; Speck, T. Plant movements as concept generators for the development of biomimetic compliant mechanisms. Integr. Comp. Biol., 2020, 60(4), 886-895.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa028] [PMID: 32396604]
[7]
Yao, J.; Fang, W.; Guo, J.; Jiao, D.; Chen, S.; Ifuku, S.; Wang, H.; Walther, A. Highly mineralized biomimetic polysaccharide nanofiber materials using enzymatic mineralization. Biomacromolecules, 2020, 21(6), 2176-2186.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00160] [PMID: 32286801]
[8]
Wilkinson, C.; Riehle, M.; Wood, M.; Gallagher, J.; Curtis, A. The use of materials patterned on a nano-and micro-metric scale in cellular engineering. Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2002, 19, 263-269.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0928-4931(01)00396-4]
[9]
Albanesea, T.; Chanw, C. The effect of nanoparticlesize, shape, and surface chemistry on biological systems. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng., 2012, 14, 1-16.
[10]
Bhushan, B. Biomimetics: lessons from nature- an overview; The Royal Society London, 2009.
[11]
Johnson-Laird, P.N. Flying bicycles: How the Wright brothers invented the airplane. Mind Soc., 2005, 4, 27-48.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11299-005-0005-8]
[12]
Shang, L.; Zhang, W.; Xu, K.; Zhao, Y. Bio-inspired intelligent structural color materials. Mater. Horiz., 2019, 6, 945-958.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9MH00101H]
[13]
Wu, P.; Wang, J.; Jiang, L. Bio-inspired photonic crystal patterns. Mater. Horiz., 2020, 7, 338-365.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9MH01389J]
[14]
Biok, V.; Gremmea, B. Ecological innovation: Biomimicry as a new way of thinking and acting. J. Agric. Environ. Ethics, 2016, 29(2), 203-217.
[15]
Nasrollahzadeh, M.; Sajadi, S.M.; Sajjadi, M.; Issaabadi, Z. Applications of nanotechnology in daily life. Interface Science and Technology; Elsevier, 2019, pp. 113-143.
[16]
Kumar, P.; Mahajan, P.; Kaur, R.; Gautam, S. Nanotechnology and its challenges in the food sector: a review. Mater Today Chem., 2020, 17, 100332.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2020.100332] [PMID: 32835156]
[17]
Jayasinghe, C.; Amstutz, T.; Schulz, M.J.; Shanov, V. Improved processing of carbon nanotube yarn. J. Nanomater., 2013, 2013
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/309617]
[18]
Hirn, S.; Semmler-Behnke, M.; Schleh, C.; Wenk, A.; Lipka, J.; Schaffler, M.; Takenaka, S.; Moller, W.; Schmid, G.; Simon, U.; Kreyling, W.G. Particle size-dependent and surface charge-dependent biodistribution of gold nanoparticles after intravenous administration. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 2011, 77(3), 407-416.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.12.029] [PMID: 21195759]
[19]
Subramani, K.; Ahmed, W. Self-assembly of proteins and peptides and their applications in bionanotechnology and dentistry. Emerging Nanotechnologies in Dentistry; Elsevier, 2012, pp. 209-224.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4557-7862-1.00013-4]
[20]
Prianka, T.R.; Subhan, N.; Reza, H.M.; Hosain, M.K.; Rahman, M.A.; Lee, H.; Sharker, S.M. Recent exploration of bio-mimetic nanomaterial for potential biomedical applications. Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2018, 93, 1104-1115.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.09.012] [PMID: 30274041]
[21]
Naik, R.R.; Stone, M.O. Integrating biomimetics. Mater. Today, 2005, 8, 18-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(05)71077-4]
[22]
Su, B.; Tian, Y.; Jiang, L. Bioinspired interfaces with superwettability: from materials to chemistry. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2016, 138(6), 1727-1748.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b12728] [PMID: 26652501]
[23]
Liu, K.; Yao, X.; Jiang, L. Recent developments in bio-inspired special wettability. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2010, 39(8), 3240-3255.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b917112f] [PMID: 20589267]
[24]
Liu, K.; Jiang, L. Bio-inspired design of multiscale structures for function integration. Nano Today, 2011, 6, 155-175.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2011.02.002]
[25]
Feng, L.; Li, S.; Li, Y.; Li, H.; Zhang, L.; Zhai, J.; Song, Y.; Liu, B.; Jiang, L.; Zhu, D. Super‐hydrophobic surfaces: from natural to artificial. Adv. Mater., 2002, 14, 1857-1860.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200290020]
[26]
Yu, C.; Sasic, S.; Liu, K.; Salameh, S.; Ras, R.H.; van Ommen, J.R. Nature-inspired self-cleaning surfaces: Mechanisms, modelling, and manufacturing. Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 2020, 155, 48-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2019.11.038]
[27]
Wang, T.; Huang, L.; Liu, Y.; Li, X.; Liu, C.; Handschuh-Wang, S.; Xu, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Tang, Y. Robust biomimetic hierarchical diamond architecture with a self-cleaning, antibacterial, and antibiofouling surface. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2020, 12(21), 24432-24441.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c02460] [PMID: 32342682]
[28]
Barthlott, W.; Mail, M.; Neinhuis, C. Superhydrophobic hierarchically structured surfaces in biology: evolution, structural principles and biomimetic applications. Philos. Trans.- Royal Soc., Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., 2016, 374(2073), 20160191.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0191] [PMID: 27354736]
[29]
Latthe, S.S.; Terashima, C.; Nakata, K.; Fujishima, A. Superhydrophobic surfaces developed by mimicking hierarchical surface morphology of lotus leaf. Molecules, 2014, 19(4), 4256-4283.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules19044256] [PMID: 24714190]
[30]
Nguyen-Tri, P.; Tran, H.N.; Plamondon, C.O.; Tuduri, L.; Vo, D-V.N.; Nanda, S.; Mishra, A.; Chao, H-P.; Bajpai, A. Recent progress in the preparation, properties and applications of superhydrophobic nano-based coatings and surfaces: A review. Prog. Org. Coat., 2019, 132, 235-256.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.03.042]
[31]
Lin, Y.; Chen, H.; Wang, G.; Liu, A. Recent progress in preparation and anti-icing applications of superhydrophobic coatings. Coatings, 2018, 8, 208.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8060208]
[32]
Ensikat, H.J.; Ditsche-Kuru, P.; Neinhuis, C.; Barthlott, W. Superhydrophobicity in perfection: the outstanding properties of the lotus leaf. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol., 2011, 2, 152-161.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.2.19] [PMID: 21977427]
[33]
Chen, L.; Guo, Z.; Liu, W. Biomimetic multi-functional superamphiphobic FOTS-TiO2 particles beyond lotus leaf. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2016, 8(40), 27188-27198.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b06772] [PMID: 27652905]
[34]
Lee, J.; Yong, K. Combining the lotus leaf effect with artificial photosynthesis: regeneration of underwater superhydrophobicity of hierarchical ZnO/Si surfaces by solar water splitting. NPG Asia Mater., 2015, 7, e201-e201.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/am.2015.74]
[35]
Tak, Y.; Yong, K. Controlled growth of well-aligned ZnO nanorod array using a novel solution method. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2005, 109(41), 19263-19269.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp0538767] [PMID: 16853488]
[36]
Choudhury, P. SPIE: Bellingham, WA, 1997; (b) Xia, YN; Whitesides, GM. Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 1998, 28, 153-184.
[37]
Zhang, Z.; Chen, H.; Zhong, J.; Saraf, G.; Lu, Y. Fast and reversible wettability transitions on ZnO nanostructures. J. Electron. Mater., 2007, 36, 895-899.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-007-0126-4]
[38]
Im, M. Im, H.; Lee, J-H.; Yoon, J-B.; Choi, Y-K. A robust superhydrophobic and superoleophobic surface with inverse-trapezoidal microstructures on a large transparent flexible substrate. Soft Matter, 2010, 6, 1401-1404.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b925970h]
[39]
Lu, S.; Zhao, Y.; Hu, X.; Lin, Y.; Ke, Y. Biomimetic fabrication of micron/nano-meter assembled superhydrophobic polymer fiber fabrics for oil/water separation. Mater. Lett., 2020, 262, 127152.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.127152]
[40]
Chen, R.; Wan, Y.; Wu, W.; Yang, C.; He, J-H.; Cheng, J.; Jetter, R.; Ko, F.K.; Chen, Y. A lotus effect-inspired flexible and breathable membrane with hierarchical electrospinning micro/nanofibers and ZnO nanowires. Mater. Des., 2019, 162, 246-248.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.11.041]
[41]
Autumn, K. How gecko toes stick: the powerful fantastic adhesive used by geckos is made of nanoscale hairs that engage tiny forces, inspiring envy among human imitators. Am. Sci., 2006, 94, 124-133.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1511/2006.58.124]
[42]
Wang, Y.; Lai, H.; Cheng, Z.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, E.; Lv, T.; Liu, Y.; Jiang, L. Gecko toe pads inspired in situ switchable superhydrophobic shape memory adhesive film. Nanoscale, 2019, 11(18), 8984-8993.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9NR00154A] [PMID: 31017157]
[43]
Autumn, K.; Sitti, M.; Liang, Y.A.; Peattie, A.M.; Hansen, W.R.; Sponberg, S.; Kenny, T.W.; Fearing, R.; Israelachvili, J.N.; Full, R.J. Evidence for van der Waals adhesion in gecko setae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2002, 99(19), 12252-12256.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.192252799] [PMID: 12198184]
[44]
Geim, A.; Dubonos, S.; Grigorieva, I.V.; Novoselov, K.S.; Zhukov, A.A.; Shapoval, S.Y. Microfabricated adhesive mimicking gecko foot-hair. Nat. Mater., 2003, 2, 461-463.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat917] [PMID: 12776092]
[45]
Badge, I.; Stark, A.Y.; Paoloni, E.L.; Niewiarowski, P.H.; Dhinojwala, A. The role of surface chemistry in adhesion and wetting of gecko toe pads. Sci. Rep., 2014, 4, 6643.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep06643] [PMID: 25323067]
[46]
Ho, A.Y.Y.; Yeo, L.P.; Lam, Y.C.; Rodríguez, I. Fabrication and analysis of gecko-inspired hierarchical polymer nanosetae. ACS Nano, 2011, 5(3), 1897-1906.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn103191q] [PMID: 21355603]
[47]
Ho, A.Y.Y.; Gao, H.; Lam, Y.C.; Rodriguez, I. Controlled fabrication of multitiered three‐dimensional nanostructures in porous alumina. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2008, 18, 2057-2063.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200800061]
[48]
Blaszczyk-Lezak, I.; Juanes, D.; Martín, J.; Mijangos, C. Gecko-like branched polymeric nanostructures from nanoporous templates. Langmuir, 2018, 34(38), 11449-11453.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01923] [PMID: 30157645]
[49]
Li, S.; Tian, H.; Shao, J.; Liu, H.; Wang, D.; Zhang, W. Switchable adhesion for nonflat surfaces mimicking geckos’ adhesive structures and toe muscles. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2020, 12(35), 39745-39755.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c08686] [PMID: 32666785]
[50]
Dong, X.; Zhang, R.; Tian, Y.; Ramos, M.A.; Hu, T.S.; Wang, Z.; Zhao, H.; Zhang, L.; Wan, Y.; Xia, Z. Functionally graded gecko setae and the biomimics with robust adhesion and durability. ACS App. Polymer Mat., 2020, 2(7), 2658-2666.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.0c00282]
[51]
Lou, S.; Guo, X.; Fan, T.; Zhang, D. Butterflies: inspiration for solar cells and sunlight water-splitting catalysts. Energy Environ. Sci., 2012, 5, 9195-9216.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ee03595b]
[52]
Holland, W.J. The butterfly book; BoD-Books on Demand, 2020.
[53]
Schroeder, T.B.H.; Houghtaling, J.; Wilts, B.D.; Mayer, M. It’s not a bug, it’s a feature: functional materials in insects. Adv. Mater., 2018, 30(19), e1705322.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201705322] [PMID: 29517829]
[54]
Ren, J.; Wang, Y.; Yao, Y.; Wang, Y.; Fei, X.; Qi, P.; Lin, S.; Kaplan, D.L.; Buehler, M.J.; Ling, S. Biological material interfaces as inspiration for mechanical and optical material designs. Chem. Rev., 2019, 119(24), 12279-12336.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00416] [PMID: 31793285]
[55]
Niu, H.; Zhou, R.; Cheng, C.; Zhang, G.; Hu, Y.; Huang, B.; Zhang, S.; Shang, X.; Xia, M.; Xu, J. Magnetron sputtering in the creation of photonic nanostructures derived from Sasakia Charonda Formosana-butterfly wings for applied in dye-sensitized solar cells. J. Power Sources, 2016, 325, 598-608.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.06.060]
[56]
Tsai, C-C.; Childers, R.A.; Nan Shi, N. Ren, C.; Pelaez, J.N.; Bernard, G.D.; Pierce, N.E.; Yu, N. Physical and behavioral adaptations to prevent overheating of the living wings of butterflies. Nat. Commun., 2020, 11(1), 551.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14408-8] [PMID: 31992708]
[57]
Didari, A.; Mengüç, M.P. A biomimicry design for nanoscale radiative cooling applications inspired by Morpho didius butterfly. Sci. Rep., 2018, 8(1), 16891.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35082-3] [PMID: 30442974]
[58]
Wang, W.; Wang, G.P.; Zhang, W.; Zhang, D. Reversible thermochromic response based on photonic crystal structure in butterfly wing. Nanophotonics, 2018, 7, 217-227.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0025]
[59]
Quiroz, H.P.; Barrera-Patiño, C.P.; Rey-González, R.R.; Dussan, A. Optical properties of Greta oto butterfly wings: Relation of iridescence with photonic properties. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 2019, 19(5), 2833-2838.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16028] [PMID: 30501787]
[60]
Gu, Z.; Yan, M.; Hu, B.; Joo, K-I.; Biswas, A.; Huang, Y.; Lu, Y.; Wang, P.; Tang, Y. Protein nanocapsule weaved with enzymatically degradable polymeric network. Nano Lett., 2009, 9(12), 4533-4538.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl902935b] [PMID: 19995089]
[61]
Miyako, E.; Sugino, T.; Okazaki, T.; Bianco, A.; Yudasaka, M.; Iijima, S. Self-assembled carbon nanotube honeycomb networks using a butterfly wing template as a multifunctional nanobiohybrid. ACS Nano, 2013, 7(10), 8736-8742.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn403083v] [PMID: 23952240]
[62]
Rodríguez, R.E.; Agarwal, S.P.; An, S.; Kazyak, E.; Das, D.; Shang, W.; Skye, R.; Deng, T.; Dasgupta, N.P. Biotemplated morpho butterfly wings for tunable structurally colored photocatalysts. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2018, 10(5), 4614-4621.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b14383] [PMID: 29337532]
[63]
Siddique, R.H.; Donie, Y.J.; Gomard, G.; Yalamanchili, S.; Merdzhanova, T.; Lemmer, U.; Hölscher, H. Bioinspired phase-separated disordered nanostructures for thin photovoltaic absorbers. Sci. Adv., 2017, 3(10), e1700232.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700232] [PMID: 29057320]
[64]
Elbaz, A.; Gao, B.; He, Z.; Gu, Z. Hepatocyte aggregate formation on chitin-based anisotropic microstructures of butterfly wings. Biomimetics (Basel), 2018, 3(1), 2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics3010002] [PMID: 31105224]
[65]
Feld, K.; Kolborg, A.N.; Nyborg, C.M.; Salewski, M.; Steffensen, J.F.; Berg-Sørensen, K. Dermal denticles of three slowly swimming shark species: microscopy and flow visualization. Biomimetics (Basel), 2019, 4(2), 38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics4020038] [PMID: 31137624]
[66]
Oeffner, J.; Lauder, G.V. The hydrodynamic function of shark skin and two biomimetic applications. J. Exp. Biol., 2012, 215(Pt 5), 785-795.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.063040] [PMID: 22323201]
[67]
Bechert, D.; Bruse, M.; Hage, W. Experiments with three-dimensional riblets as an idealized model of shark skin. Exp. Fluids, 2000, 28, 403-412.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480050400]
[68]
Han, X.; Zhang, D.; Li, X.; Li, Y. Bio-replicated forming of the biomimetic drag-reducing surfaces in large area based on shark skin. Chin. Sci. Bull., 2008, 53, 1587.
[69]
Dundar Arisoy, F.; Kolewe, K.W.; Homyak, B.; Kurtz, I.S.; Schiffman, J.D.; Watkins, J.J. Bioinspired photocatalytic shark-skin surfaces with antibacterial and antifouling activity via nanoimprint lithography. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2018, 10(23), 20055-20063.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b05066] [PMID: 29790348]
[70]
Hsiung, B-K.; Siddique, R.H.; Stavenga, D.G.; Otto, J.C.; Allen, M.C.; Liu, Y.; Lu, Y-F.; Deheyn, D.D.; Shawkey, M.D.; Blackledge, T.A. Rainbow peacock spiders inspire miniature super-iridescent optics. Nat. Commun., 2017, 8(1), 2278.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02451-x] [PMID: 29273708]
[71]
Girard, M.B.; Kasumovic, M.M.; Elias, D.O. Multi-modal courtship in the peacock spider, Maratus volans (O.P.-Cambridge, 1874). PLoS One, 2011, 6(9), e25390.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025390] [PMID: 21980440]
[72]
Girard, M.B.; Endler, J.A. Peacock spiders. Curr. Biol., 2014, 24(13), R588-R590.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.05.026] [PMID: 25004358]
[73]
Girard, M.B.; Elias, D.O.; Kasumovic, M.M. Female preference for multi-modal courtship: multiple signals are important for male mating success in peacock spiders. Proc. Biol. Sci., 2015, 282(1820), 20152222.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2222] [PMID: 26631566]
[74]
Yue, Y.; Gong, J.P. Tunable one-dimensional photonic crystals from soft materials. J. Photochem. Photobiol. Photochem. Rev., 2015, 23, 45-67.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2015.05.001]
[75]
Kohri, M.; Nannichi, Y.; Taniguchi, T.; Kishikawa, K. Biomimetic non-iridescent structural color materials from polydopamine black particles that mimic melanin granules. J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices, 2015, 3, 720-724.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C4TC02383H]
[76]
McCoy, D.E.; McCoy, V.E.; Mandsberg, N.K.; Shneidman, A.V.; Aizenberg, J.; Prum, R.O.; Haig, D. Structurally assisted super black in colourful peacock spiders. Proc. Biol. Sci., 2019, 286(1902), 20190589.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0589] [PMID: 31088270]
[77]
Stavenga, D.G.; Otto, J.C.; Wilts, B.D. Splendid coloration of the peacock spider Maratus splendens. J. R. Soc. Interface, 2016, 13(121), 20160437.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0437] [PMID: 27512139]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version333msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[21:06:25] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[21:06:25] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • warninglog[21:06:25] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[21:06:25] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (114ms)time
  • Application (219ms)time
  • 1 x Application (65.78%)
    219ms
    1 x Booting (34.21%)
    114ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    37 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 33 unique. Show only duplicated141ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('59422581','',1,1740344785,1740344785) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740344785
      1.68msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('59422581','/article/111914',1,1740344785,1740344785)
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59422581 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59422581) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59422581 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59422581) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 59422581 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59422581) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59422581 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59422581) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59422581 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59422581) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 59422581 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59422581) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59422581 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59422581) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59422581 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59422581) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 59422581 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59422581) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59422581 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59422581) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59422581 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59422581) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 59422581 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59422581) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59422581 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59422581) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59422581 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59422581) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 59422581 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59422581) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59422581 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59422581) limit 1
      18.08msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 59422581
      • 1: 59422581
      • 2: 59422581
      • 3: 59422581
      • 4: 59422581
      • 5: 59422581
      • 6: 59422581
      • 7: 59422581
      • 8: 59422581
      • 9: 59422581
      • 10: 59422581
      • 11: 59422581
      • 12: 59422581
      • 13: 59422581
      • 14: 59422581
      • 15: 59422581
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=111914
      990μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 27 limit 1
      1.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 27
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=27) and sj.journal_id!=27 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      740μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=27) and sj.journal_id!=27 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      640μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=27) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.4msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=27) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      1.29msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '111914'
      1.1msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 111914
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '111914'
      4.43msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 111914
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '111914' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      1.45msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 111914
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      470μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 27 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      35.08msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 27 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      14.56msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 27 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      10.64msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 111914 limit 1
      330μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 111914
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 111914 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      380μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid article_nid,a.title article_title,j.title journal_title from content_by_diseases cd inner join article a on a.article_id=cd.content_id inner join journal j on j.journal_id=a.journal_id where cd.pid = 281 and cd.sub_disease_id = 553 and content_id!=111914 and cd.content_type = 'article' order by rand() limit 20
      29.85msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#769
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:769
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2098
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 188471 limit 1
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 188471
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'CNANO' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      350μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: CNANO
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '111914' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      390μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '10887' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      330μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '2981' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59422581 and j.to_ip >=59422581 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740344785 and j.to_date >= 1740344785 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2981) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59422581 and j.to_ip >=59422581 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740344785 and j.to_date >= 1740344785 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2981) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59422581 and j.to_ip >=59422581 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740344785 and j.to_date >= 1740344785 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2981)
      5.99msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59422581 and j.to_ip >=59422581 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740344785 and j.to_date >= 1740344785 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 10887) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59422581 and j.to_ip >=59422581 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740344785 and j.to_date >= 1740344785 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 10887) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59422581 and j.to_ip >=59422581 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740344785 and j.to_date >= 1740344785 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 10887)
      670μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59422581 and j.to_ip >=59422581 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740344785 and j.to_date >= 1740344785 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 111914) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59422581 and j.to_ip >=59422581 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740344785 and j.to_date >= 1740344785 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 111914) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59422581 and j.to_ip >=59422581 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740344785 and j.to_date >= 1740344785 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 111914)
      830μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '659' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 10887 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      480μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 659
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '669' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 10887 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      490μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 669
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 111914 limit 1
      2.4msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 111914
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 27 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740344785 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740344785 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.18msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 27
      • 3: 1740344785
      • 4: 1740344785
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 27 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740344785 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740344785 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.59msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 27
      • 3: 1740344785
      • 4: 1740344785
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='1ed3345e8eac8f2cc79cfdea35454578'
      360μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        nRf1Te7ZXGzxRNVaHL8bV4gXnr3bnkeH4LIT9j1m
        uc_cart_id
        1ed3345e8eac8f2cc79cfdea35454578
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/111914" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/111914
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:9 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InZqVDNlQlVLRTdzcUVBV0lkRnpFS3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMW53OHA3akgrSE90V2wzQTU0NFdpakVIUitlMURwSnNmOTQzZ0dyR2lWND0iLCJtYWMiOiI2MGMxOTQ4N2FlM2ZiMWQ1M2M0NjYzNzVhYTlkZmQ5MmY1ZDE1OThiYzI1YjI0ZWQ3NjhjNGI2NWE0ODYwOWI5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InZqVDNlQlVLRTdzcUVBV0lkRnpFS3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMW53OHA3akgrSE90V2wzQTU0NFdpakVIUitlMURwSnNmOTQzZ0dyR2lWND0iLCJtYWMiOiI2MGMxOTQ4N2FlM2Zi" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Sun, 23 Feb 2025 21:06:25 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImdaQ1B3SHlWWTRtcWxDblg0ZGwxZWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOXp2M1BsTUUzSVlSRUhleWJsL2VNYWJPL01tSFUzcURUcDVtZ2ZRT3JZekVPRUJ1eUNHZFRCZ0dJUmJvQWVyZEtMQmxMVmdFdzdPWHhvbmtpMnREZkk2d1ZQeEY5dlBkb29PUUorVUIzY1U2TGVnM3R0M1JSaEZKOGM1am1XeVgiLCJtYWMiOiI2N2Y2MGJjZjJlNGM4OGNiMjYxMDUxNzIwZDYwMmFkZmEyMTczMWM4OWVlMzk0ZTFhOWExYTc4YjRlMThiYzc2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 26 Feb 2025 09:06:25 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImdaQ1B3SHlWWTRtcWxDblg0ZGwxZWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOXp2M1BsTUUzSVlSRUhleWJsL2VNYWJPL01tSFUzcURUcDVtZ2ZRT3JZekVPRUJ1eUNHZFRCZ0dJUmJvQWVyZEtMQmxMV" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjY1aHVNVlI2UDhHT09ndXZIUkNHUUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibUFsdTQ2MExzMFlVc24xMUFkY0hUOURXTFpwcXR4SkNkb0lBc1AvckFHdXVEckdwT3NkbVFPcjhpdU9OTXYzbTRQNS9rc1BkOE4rK2VENXdUcWdvTE5ETUg3dHFyTzBmQndXTVAzV3Btam5LME9aUEcwRGU1UFdiWkh1QkpNOHEiLCJtYWMiOiJiYmI2Y2JiNjBhNWUyMGI2Mjg1ZDZhNmIyMDAwZDcwMGQyMTQ5ZmNiMTVkYWY1MWQ4OThmYzU3N2E4OWJkYjc0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjY1aHVNVlI2UDhHT09ndXZIUkNHUUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibUFsdTQ2MExzMFlVc24xMUFkY0hUOURXTFpwcXR4SkNkb0lBc1AvckFHdXVEckdwT3NkbVFPcjh" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImdaQ1B3SHlWWTRtcWxDblg0ZGwxZWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOXp2M1BsTUUzSVlSRUhleWJsL2VNYWJPL01tSFUzcURUcDVtZ2ZRT3JZekVPRUJ1eUNHZFRCZ0dJUmJvQWVyZEtMQmxMVmdFdzdPWHhvbmtpMnREZkk2d1ZQeEY5dlBkb29PUUorVUIzY1U2TGVnM3R0M1JSaEZKOGM1am1XeVgiLCJtYWMiOiI2N2Y2MGJjZjJlNGM4OGNiMjYxMDUxNzIwZDYwMmFkZmEyMTczMWM4OWVlMzk0ZTFhOWExYTc4YjRlMThiYzc2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 26-Feb-2025 09:06:25 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImdaQ1B3SHlWWTRtcWxDblg0ZGwxZWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOXp2M1BsTUUzSVlSRUhleWJsL2VNYWJPL01tSFUzcURUcDVtZ2ZRT3JZekVPRUJ1eUNHZFRCZ0dJUmJvQWVyZEtMQmxMV" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjY1aHVNVlI2UDhHT09ndXZIUkNHUUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibUFsdTQ2MExzMFlVc24xMUFkY0hUOURXTFpwcXR4SkNkb0lBc1AvckFHdXVEckdwT3NkbVFPcjhpdU9OTXYzbTRQNS9rc1BkOE4rK2VENXdUcWdvTE5ETUg3dHFyTzBmQndXTVAzV3Btam5LME9aUEcwRGU1UFdiWkh1QkpNOHEiLCJtYWMiOiJiYmI2Y2JiNjBhNWUyMGI2Mjg1ZDZhNmIyMDAwZDcwMGQyMTQ5ZmNiMTVkYWY1MWQ4OThmYzU3N2E4OWJkYjc0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjY1aHVNVlI2UDhHT09ndXZIUkNHUUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibUFsdTQ2MExzMFlVc24xMUFkY0hUOURXTFpwcXR4SkNkb0lBc1AvckFHdXVEckdwT3NkbVFPcjh" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "nRf1Te7ZXGzxRNVaHL8bV4gXnr3bnkeH4LIT9j1m" "uc_cart_id" => "1ed3345e8eac8f2cc79cfdea35454578" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/111914" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-23 21:06:25GET/article/111914414371