摘要
背景:据估计,从确诊阿尔茨海默病(AD)到患者死亡的平均时间为 5-9 年。因此,无论是疾病的初始阶段还是临床前状态,都可以纳入疾病诊断的关键期。因此,最近在生物标志物研究方面取得了巨大进展,以识别具有正常认知功能和轻度认知障碍的老年人痴呆症的危险因素。 方法:电化学生物传感器是一种优秀的分析工具,用于检测 AD 生物标志物,因为它们易于使用、便携且可以进行实时分析。 结果:这篇综述介绍了目前用于确定 AD 生物标志物的分析技术的优缺点; AD 最重要的临床生物标志物及其在疾病中的作用。首次总结了电化学生物传感器开发中最近使用的所有生物识别分子,即受体蛋白、抗体、适体和核酸。还回顾了用于 AD 生物标志物检测的新型电化学生物传感器,作为即时诊断的理想分析平台。 结论:本文重点介绍了生物传感器化学表面修饰的各种策略,以固定生物识别分子,从而在合成和临床样本中实现特异性、定量的 AD 生物标志物检测。此外,这是第一次介绍基于电化学技术同时检测多种生物标志物和其他重要 AD 相关生物物种的创新单平台系统。讨论了这些平台在疾病诊断中的重要性。
关键词: 阿尔茨海默病、生物标志物检测、早期诊断、生物传感器、表面改性、多重检测。
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Recent Advancements in Electrochemical Biosensors for Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers Detection
Volume: 28 Issue: 20
关键词: 阿尔茨海默病、生物标志物检测、早期诊断、生物传感器、表面改性、多重检测。
摘要:
Background: It is estimated that the average time between the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the patient’s death is 5-9 years. Therefore, both the initial phase of the disease and the preclinical state can be included in the critical period in disease diagnosis. Accordingly, huge progress has recently been observed in biomarker research to identify risk factors for dementia in older people with normal cognitive functions and mild cognitive impairments.
Methods: Electrochemical biosensors are excellent analytical tools that are used in the detection of AD biomarkers as they are easy to use, portable, and can do analysis in real time.
Results: This review presents the analytical techniques currently used to determine AD biomarkers in terms of their advantages and disadvantages; the most important clinical biomarkers of AD and their role in the disease. All recently used biorecognition molecules in electrochemical biosensor development, i.e., receptor protein, antibodies, aptamers and nucleic acids, are summarized for the first time. Novel electrochemical biosensors for AD biomarker detection, as ideal analytical platforms for point-of-care diagnostics, are also reviewed.
Conclusion: The article focuses on various strategies of biosensor chemical surface modifications to immobilize biorecognition molecules, enabling specific, quantitative AD biomarker detection in synthetic and clinical samples. In addition, this is the first review that presents innovative single-platform systems for simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers and other important AD-associated biological species based on electrochemical techniques. The importance of these platforms in disease diagnosis is discussed.
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Cite this article as:
Recent Advancements in Electrochemical Biosensors for Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers Detection, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2021; 28 (20) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867327666201111141341
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867327666201111141341 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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