用于阿尔茨海默病生物标志物检测的电化学生物传感器的最新进展

Title:Recent Advancements in Electrochemical Biosensors for Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers Detection

Volume: 28 Issue: 20

关键词: 阿尔茨海默病、生物标志物检测、早期诊断、生物传感器、表面改性、多重检测。

摘要:

Background: It is estimated that the average time between the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the patient’s death is 5-9 years. Therefore, both the initial phase of the disease and the preclinical state can be included in the critical period in disease diagnosis. Accordingly, huge progress has recently been observed in biomarker research to identify risk factors for dementia in older people with normal cognitive functions and mild cognitive impairments.

Methods: Electrochemical biosensors are excellent analytical tools that are used in the detection of AD biomarkers as they are easy to use, portable, and can do analysis in real time.

Results: This review presents the analytical techniques currently used to determine AD biomarkers in terms of their advantages and disadvantages; the most important clinical biomarkers of AD and their role in the disease. All recently used biorecognition molecules in electrochemical biosensor development, i.e., receptor protein, antibodies, aptamers and nucleic acids, are summarized for the first time. Novel electrochemical biosensors for AD biomarker detection, as ideal analytical platforms for point-of-care diagnostics, are also reviewed.

Conclusion: The article focuses on various strategies of biosensor chemical surface modifications to immobilize biorecognition molecules, enabling specific, quantitative AD biomarker detection in synthetic and clinical samples. In addition, this is the first review that presents innovative single-platform systems for simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers and other important AD-associated biological species based on electrochemical techniques. The importance of these platforms in disease diagnosis is discussed.

Cite this article as:

Recent Advancements in Electrochemical Biosensors for Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers Detection, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2021; 28 (20) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867327666201111141341