摘要
外泌体是纳米结构 (50-90 nm) 囊泡,源自真核细胞的内体区室并分泌到细胞外基质中。近年来,人们对探索用于诊断和治疗应用的外泌体越来越感兴趣。与许多其他疾病(例如神经退行性疾病)一样,自身免疫性疾病外泌体在癌症中也具有重要意义。已知外泌体大量流行并在不同类型的癌症中携带独特的货物,因此被证明是了解其癌症生物学的通用实体,并被用作识别癌症类型的有效诊断生物标志物。除了诊断应用之外,近年来人们越来越关注利用外泌体作为载体将治疗剂递送到靶位点。这归功于它们非凡的非免疫原性和仿生特性,促使研究人员使用外泌体作为载体来递送治疗剂,例如药物、基因和肽。外泌体还克服了与其他脂质或聚合物纳米载体相关的许多缺点,例如循环时间短、脂质毒性、长期稳定性等。 然而,尽管基于外泌体的治疗有许多有利方面,但也存在许多挑战。本综述将重点关注基于外泌体的癌症药物治疗的现状、面临的挑战及其未来临床应用的潜力。
关键词: 外泌体、细胞间通讯、诊断、治疗载体、癌症、脂质毒性。
Current Molecular Medicine
Title:Exosomes Harnessed as Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy - Current Status and Potential for Future Clinical Applications
Volume: 21 Issue: 9
关键词: 外泌体、细胞间通讯、诊断、治疗载体、癌症、脂质毒性。
摘要: Exosomes are nano structured (50-90 nm) vesicles that originate from endosomal compartment of eukaryotic cells and are secreted into extracellular matrix. In recent years, there has been increased interest in exploring exosomes for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Like many other diseases, e.g., neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune diseases exosomes have a considerable significance in cancer too. Exosomes are known to prevail in large numbers and carry unique cargos in different types of cancers and thus are proving as versatile entities in understanding their biology of cancers and utilized as efficient diagnostic biomarkers in identification of cancer type. In addition to diagnostic applications, there has been an increased interest in recent years to exploit exosomes as carriers for delivery of therapeutic agents to target sites as well. This is indebted to their exceptional non-immunogenic and biomimetic properties that prompted researchers to use exosomes as carriers for delivery of therapeutic agents, e.g., drugs, genes and peptides. Exosomes also circumvent many drawbacks associated with other lipid or polymeric nanocarriers, e.g., low circulation time, lipid toxicities, long term stability, etc. However, in spite of many favorable aspects of exosome based therapy, there have been a number of challenges too. This review will focus on the current status of the exosome based drug therapy for cancer, the challenges faced and its potential for future clinical use.
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Cite this article as:
Exosomes Harnessed as Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy - Current Status and Potential for Future Clinical Applications, Current Molecular Medicine 2021; 21 (9) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1566524020666200915111618
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1566524020666200915111618 |
Print ISSN 1566-5240 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5666 |
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