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Review Article

严重程度增加的阻塞性肺疾病发病机理中的氧化和亚硝化应激

卷 27, 期 42, 2020

页: [7149 - 7158] 页: 10

弟呕挨: 10.2174/0929867327666200604165451

价格: $65

摘要

氧化剂增加和抗氧化防御机制之间的不平衡是阻塞性肺部疾病（如哮喘和COPD）的发病机理的中心。在这些患者中，活性氧水平升高。超氧阴离子（O2-），过氧化氢（H2O2）和羟基自由基（•OH）对于在支气管和肺实质中进一步形成细胞毒性自由基至关重要。慢性炎症（部分由氧化应激引起）可通过活化的吞噬细胞（嗜中性粒细胞，嗜酸性粒细胞，巨噬细胞）进一步增加氧化剂负担，尤其是在严重的疾病状态下。实际上，在患病的患者中抗氧化剂和抗炎基因经常被下调。 Nrf2激活抗氧化剂反应元件（ARE），导致GPx上调，硫醇代谢相关的解毒酶（GSTs）和应激反应基因（HO-1）在动物模型以及哮喘和COPD患者中均被下调。存在氧化应激时一氧化氮（NO）的过度产生会促进氧化性反应性氮物种（如过氧亚硝酸盐（ONO2--））的形成，导致硝化作用和DNA损伤，线粒体呼吸抑制，蛋白质功能障碍和细胞生物系统的损害。髓过氧化物酶和H2O2的活化也会引起蛋白质硝化，从而促进亚硝酸盐（NO2-）的氧化。在COPD患者的支气管中，硝基酪氨酸和髓过氧化物酶增加，特别是在严重疾病中。在COPD患者的诱导痰中发现的过氧亚硝酸盐抑制活性降低与肺功能相关。在严重哮喘患者的支气管肺泡灌洗中，蛋白质硝化的标记物-3-硝基酪氨酸，3-溴酪氨酸和3-氯酪氨酸增加。通过使用反硝化机制或抗氧化剂给药的新药物递送策略来针对氧化，亚硝化应激和相关的肺部炎症，可以改善对这些慢性致残性阻塞性肺疾病的治疗。

关键词: 氧化应激，哮喘，COPD，炎症，亚硝化应激，发病机制。

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