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当代阿耳茨海默病研究

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ISSN (Print): 1567-2050
ISSN (Online): 1875-5828

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Review Article

在当前和将来的神经认知障碍治疗中的基因编辑与药物遗传学研究

卷 17, 期 3, 2020

页: [238 - 258] 页: 21

弟呕挨: 10.2174/1567205017666200422152440

价格: $65

摘要

痴呆症是西方社会的一个重要问题，在接下来的几年中，非洲和亚洲等发展中地区也会出现这个问题。成人中最常见的痴呆类型是阿尔茨海默氏病（AD），路易体痴呆（DLB），额颞痴呆（FTD）和血管性痴呆（VaD），其中AD占病例的一半以上。 AD最突出的症状是认知障碍，目前使用四种药物治疗：多奈哌齐，卡巴拉汀和加兰他敏，可增强胆碱能的传递;以及美金刚胺，保护神经元免受谷氨酸兴奋性中毒。尽管进行了持续的努力，但是在过去的十年中没有新的药物可以治疗AD，因此已经对影响抗痴呆药物治疗功效的遗传因素进行了多项研究。研究人员研究了变体对多个基因的影响，例如ABCB1，ACE，CHAT，CHRNA7，CYP2C9，CYP2C19，CYP2D6，CYP3A4，CYP3A5，CYP3A7，NR1I2，NR1I3，POR，PPAR，RXR，SLC22A1 ，UGT1A6，UGT1A9和UGT2B7与许多途径相关：病理蛋白的发展，乙酰胆碱的形成和代谢，抗痴呆药物的转运，代谢和排泄以及调节负责药物代谢和转运的基因表达的转录因子。对于APOE E4，痴呆症风险变体，BCHE-K（降低的丁酰胆碱酯酶活性变体）和CYP2D6 UM（超快肝代谢）已证明了最有希望的结果。进一步的研究调查了CRISPR / Cas9用于病因治疗的新兴药物的开发或基因编辑的可能性。总而言之，对痴呆症疾病的药物遗传学研究可能会提高一些具有有益遗传变异的患者的药物治疗效果，同时，确定不良等位基因的携带者，这是治疗和预防痴呆症的新方法的潜在群体。

关键词: 遗传学，药物遗传学，CRISPR / Cas9，阿尔茨海默氏病，额颞痴呆，路易体痴呆，血管性痴呆。

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