Research Progress of the UPR Mechanism and its Effect on Improving Foreign Protein Expression

Bao-Chen       Wang; Si-Tong       Zhang; Guang       Chen

doi:10.2174/0929866527666200407113549

Abstract

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a protective mechanism against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that induces a series of signal transduction pathways to eliminate misfolded proteins. The UPR mechanism is highly conserved in fungi, higher organisms, plants and mammals. The UPR pathway is activated to stabilize ER functions when there are too many unfolded proteins or misfolded proteins in the ER. However, stress continues when ER proteins are stimulated by toxic substances that affect the balance of the UPR pathway, which causes changes in the structure and function of the ER and other organelles. These ultimately disrupt homeostasis in the body and cause pathological reactions that can be fatal. The UPR mechanism has clear effects on stabilizing the protein-folding environment. Dysfunction or disruption of the UPR mechanism is associated with numerous disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, loss of control of protein secretion, cerebral ischemia and epilepsy, neuropsychiatric diseases, eye diseases, skin diseases, metabolic and inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, and heart disease. Thus, characterization of UPR function and its dysfunction has significant importance and has broad application prospects, which make research into the UPR a research hotspot.

Keywords: Endoplasmic reticulum stress, unfolded protein response, gene expression regulation, misfolded proteins, UPR pathway, homeostasis.

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DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929866527666200407113549	Print ISSN 0929-8665
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Protein & Peptide Letters

Research Progress of the UPR Mechanism and its Effect on Improving Foreign Protein Expression

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