Generic placeholder image

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1386-2073
ISSN (Online): 1875-5402

Research Article

Determination of Chemical Composition and α-amylase Inhibitory Effect of New Propolis Extracts

Author(s): Merve Keskin*

Volume 23, Issue 9, 2020

Page: [939 - 944] Pages: 6

DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200402080557

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Propolis is a resinous mixture collected by honeybees from tree buds and exudates of the plants. Propolis contains aromatic acids, diterpenic acids and phenolic compounds and these components are responsible for its antitumor, anticancer, antiviral and antifungal effects. Propolis can be extracted and the solubility of propolis differs depending on the solvent used in the process of extraction. Solvents used for propolis extraction have a great impact on the propolis extract and should be nontoxic.

Objective: In this study, raw propolis was extracted by peppermint and clove volatile oils.

Methods: Chemical composition of extracts was determined by using GC-MS equipment. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the extracts were measured. α-amylase inhibitory activity of the extracts was carried out as well.

Results: The findings of the present study showed that clove volatile oil is more effective in the extraction of propolis than peppermint volatile oil. The total phenolic content of these extracts was determined as 175.12 and 40.80 mg GAE/mL for clove and peppermint oil propolis extracts, respectively. All extracts contained the same phenolic compounds but the quantity was less in volatile oil extract than in ethanol extract. Both of these extracts showed better α-amylase ınhibitory activity than a reference inhibitor, acarbose.

Conclusion: It could be concluded that propolis extract obtained by using volatile oils could be used as a complementary agent in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: Propolis, volatile oils, extraction, phenolic compounds, α-amylase inhibition, type 2 diabetes mellitus.

[1]
Ahn, M.R.; Kumazawa, S.; Usui, Y.; Nakamura, J.; Matsuka, M.; Zhu, F.; Nakayama, T. Antioxidant activity and constituents of propolis collected in various areas of China. Food Chem., 2007, 101, 1383-1392.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.03.045]
[2]
Li, F.; Awale, S.; Tezuka, Y.; Kadota, S. Cytotoxic constituents from Brazilian red propolis and their structure-activity relationship. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2008, 16(10), 5434-5440.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2008.04.016] [PMID: 18440233]
[3]
Aliyazıcioglu, R.; Sahin, H.; Erturk, O.; Ulusoy, E.; Kolayli, S. Properties of phenolic composition and biological activity of propolis from Turkey. Int. J. Food Prop., 2013, 16, 277-287.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2010.551312]
[4]
Uzel, A.; Sorkun, K.; Onçağ, O.; Cogŭlu, D.; Gençay, O.; Salih, B. Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of four different Anatolian propolis samples. Microbiol. Res., 2005, 160(2), 189-195.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2005.01.002] [PMID: 15881836]
[5]
Al-Ghamdi, A.A.; Bayaqoob, N.I.M.; Rushdi, A.I.; Alattal, Y.; Simoneit, B.R.T.; El-Mubarak, A.H.; Al-Mutlaq, K.F.; Al-Mutlaq, K. Chemical compositions and characteristics of organic compounds in propolis from Yemen. Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 2017, 24(5), 1094-1103.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.12.012] [PMID: 28663710]
[6]
Miguel, M.G.; Nunes, S.; Dandlen, S.A.; Cavaco, A.M.; Antunes, M.D. Phenols and antioxidant activity of hydro-alcoholic extracts of propolis from Algarve, South of Portugal. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2010, 48(12), 3418-3423.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.09.014] [PMID: 20849908]
[7]
Pietta, P.G.; Gardana, C.; Pietta, A.M. Analytical methods for quality control of propolis. Fitoterapia, 2002, 73(Suppl. 1) S7-S20, 7-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00186-7] [PMID: 12495705]
[8]
Ahmed, F.E. Toxicological effects of ethanol on human health. Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 1995, 25(4), 347-367.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10408449509021614] [PMID: 7576156]
[9]
Kubiliene, L.; Laugaliene, V.; Pavilonis, A.; Maruska, A.; Majiene, D.; Barcauskaite, K.; Kubilius, R.; Kasparaviciene, G.; Savickas, A. Alternative preparation of propolis extracts: comparison of their composition and biological activities. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 2015, 15, 156.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0677-5] [PMID: 26012348]
[10]
Pujirahayu, N.; Ritonga, H.; Uslinawaty, Z. Properties and flavonoids content in propolis of some extraction method of raw propolis. Innovare Academic Sciences, 2014, 6(6), 338-340.
[11]
Singleton, V.L.; Rossi, J.A. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic–phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 1965, 16, 144-158.
[12]
Singleton, V.L.; Orthofer, R.; Lamuela-Raventos, R.M. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. Methods Enzymol., 1999, 299, 152-178.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(99)99017-1]
[13]
Fukumoto, L.R.; Mazza, G. Assessing antioxidant and prooxidant activities of phenolic compounds. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48(8), 3597-3604.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf000220w] [PMID: 10956156]
[14]
Benzie, I.F.F.; Strain, J.J. Ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay: direct measure of total antioxidant activity of biological fluids and modified version for simultaneous measurement of total antioxidant power and ascorbic acid concentration. Methods Enzymol., 1999, 299, 15-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(99)99005-5] [PMID: 9916193]
[15]
Molyneux, P. The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 2004, 26, 211-219.
[16]
Trusheva, B.; Popova, M.; Koendhori, E.B.; Tsvetkova, I.; Naydenski, C.; Bankova, V. Indonesian propolis: chemical composition, biological activity and botanical origin. Nat. Prod. Res., 2011, 25(6), 606-613.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2010.488235] [PMID: 21409722]
[17]
Bernfeld, P. Amylases α and β. Methods Enzymol., 1955, 1, 149-158.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(55)01021-5]
[18]
Mahboubi, M.; Kazempou, N. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) Essential oil. Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 2014, 36(1), 83-87.
[19]
Khan, M.; Al-Saleem, S.M. Alkhathlan, H.Z. A detailed study on chemical characterization of essential oil components of two Plectranthus species grown in Saudi Arabia. J. Saudi Chem. Soc., 2016, 20, 711-721.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2016.03.006]
[20]
Bataglion, G.A.; da Silva, F.M.A.; Santos, J.M.; Barcia, M.T.; Godoy, H.T.; Eberlin, M.N.; Koolen, H.H.F. Integrative approach using GC-MS and easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS) for comprehensive lipid characterization of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) oil. J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 2015, 26, 171-177.
[21]
Pino, J.A.; Mesa, J.; Muñoz, Y.; Martí, M.P.; Marbot, R. Volatile components from mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53(6), 2213-2223.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0402633] [PMID: 15769159]
[22]
Caputo, L.; Trotta, M.; Romaniello, A.; De Feo, V. Chemical composition and phytotoxic activity of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil. Natural Product Comminations, 2018, 13(10), 1367-1370.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1801301033]
[23]
Kashima, Y.; Miyazawa, M. Chemical composition and aroma evaluation of essential oils from Evolvulus alsinoides L. Chem. Biodivers., 2014, 11(3), 396-407.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201300234] [PMID: 24634069]
[24]
Yang, K.; Liu, Q.Z. Liu, Z.L.; Du, S.S. GC-MS analysis of insecticidal essential oil of aerial parts of Paederia scandens (Lour) Merrill (Rubiaceae). Trop. J. Pharm. Res., 2012, 11(3), 461-467.
[25]
Afsharypuor, S.; Ranjbar, M.; Mazaheri, M.; Shakibaei, F.; Aslani, A. Essential oil constituents of seeds and fresh leaves of garden lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown in Isfahan, Iran. Res. J. Pharmacog., 2018, 5(3), 1-5.
[26]
Alma, M.H.; Ertaş, M. Nitz., S.; Kollmannsberger, H. Essential oil content, Turkish Clove. BioResources, 2007, 2(2), 265-269.
[27]
Barlak, Y.; Değer, O.; Çolak, M.; Karataylı, S.C.; Bozdayı, A.M.; Yücesan, F. Effect of Turkish propolis extracts on proteome of prostate cancer cell line. Proteome Sci., 2011, 9, 74-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-5956-9-74] [PMID: 22152088]
[28]
Sforcin, J.M.; Bankova, V. Propolis: is there a potential for the development of new drugs? J. Ethnopharmacol., 2011, 133(2), 253-260.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.032] [PMID: 20970490]
[29]
Raut, J.S.; Karuppayil, S.M. A status review on the medicinal properties of essential oils. Ind. Crops Prod., 2014, 62, 250-264.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.05.055]
[30]
Ristivojević, P.; Dimkić, I.; Guzelmeric, E.; Trifković, J.; Knežević, M.; Berić, T.; Yesilada, E.; Milojković-Opsenica, D.; Stanković, S. Profiling of Turkish propolis subtypes: comparative evaluation of their phytochemical compositions, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Lebensm. Wiss. Technol., 2018, 95, 367-379.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2018.04.063]
[31]
Guzelmeric, E.; Ristivojević, P.; Jelena, T.; Dastan, T.; Yılmaz, O.; Cengiz, O. Yesilada. E. Authentication of Turkish propolis through HPTLC fingerprints combined with multivariate analysis and palynological data and their comparative antioxidant activity. Lebensm. Wiss. Technol., 2018, 87, 2-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.08.060]
[32]
Heinrich, M.; Modarai, M.; Kortenkamp, A. Herbal extracts used for upper respiratory tract infections: are there clinically relevant interactions with the cytochrome P450 enzyme system? Planta Med., 2008, 74(6), 657-660.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1034292] [PMID: 18584812]
[33]
Murali, R.; Saravanan, R. Anti-diabetic effect of d-limonene a monoterpene istreptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition, 2012, 2, 269-275.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bionut.2012.08.008]
[34]
Zhang, H.; Wang, G.; Beta, T.; Dong, J. Inhibitory properties of aqueous ethanol extracts of propolis on alpha-glucosidase. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2015, 2015587383
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/587383] [PMID: 25767553]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version355msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[18:02:58] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[18:02:58] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[18:02:58] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (92.46ms)time
  • Application (262ms)time
  • 1 x Application (73.93%)
    262ms
    1 x Booting (26.07%)
    92.46ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    37 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 33 unique. Show only duplicated188ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('316145883','',1,1739988178,1739988178) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1739988178
      950μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('316145883','/article/105596',1,1739988178,1739988178)
      170μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316145883 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316145883) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316145883 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316145883) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 316145883 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316145883) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316145883 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316145883) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316145883 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316145883) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 316145883 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316145883) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316145883 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316145883) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316145883 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316145883) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 316145883 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316145883) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316145883 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316145883) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316145883 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316145883) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 316145883 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316145883) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316145883 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316145883) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316145883 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316145883) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 316145883 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316145883) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316145883 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316145883) limit 1
      12.68msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 316145883
      • 1: 316145883
      • 2: 316145883
      • 3: 316145883
      • 4: 316145883
      • 5: 316145883
      • 6: 316145883
      • 7: 316145883
      • 8: 316145883
      • 9: 316145883
      • 10: 316145883
      • 11: 316145883
      • 12: 316145883
      • 13: 316145883
      • 14: 316145883
      • 15: 316145883
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=105596
      680μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 8 limit 1
      810μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 8
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=8) and sj.journal_id!=8 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.19msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=8) and sj.journal_id!=8 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      940μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=8) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      2.37msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=8) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      2.02msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '105596'
      1.57msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 105596
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '105596'
      2.56msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 105596
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '105596' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      4.71msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 105596
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      470μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 8 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      32.1msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 8 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      26.11msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 8 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      15.26msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 105596 limit 1
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 105596
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 105596 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      1.09msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid article_nid,a.title article_title,j.title journal_title from content_by_diseases cd inner join article a on a.article_id=cd.content_id inner join journal j on j.journal_id=a.journal_id where cd.pid = 283 and cd.sub_disease_id = 591 and content_id!=105596 and cd.content_type = 'article' order by rand() limit 20
      63.97msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#769
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:769
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2098
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 180649 limit 1
      350μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 180649
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'CCHTS' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      370μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: CCHTS
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '105596' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      450μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '10238' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      370μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '2700' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      360μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316145883 and j.to_ip >=316145883 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988178 and j.to_date >= 1739988178 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2700) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316145883 and j.to_ip >=316145883 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988178 and j.to_date >= 1739988178 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2700) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316145883 and j.to_ip >=316145883 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988178 and j.to_date >= 1739988178 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2700)
      7.85msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316145883 and j.to_ip >=316145883 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988178 and j.to_date >= 1739988178 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 10238) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316145883 and j.to_ip >=316145883 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988178 and j.to_date >= 1739988178 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 10238) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316145883 and j.to_ip >=316145883 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988178 and j.to_date >= 1739988178 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 10238)
      700μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316145883 and j.to_ip >=316145883 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988178 and j.to_date >= 1739988178 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 105596) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316145883 and j.to_ip >=316145883 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988178 and j.to_date >= 1739988178 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 105596) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316145883 and j.to_ip >=316145883 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988178 and j.to_date >= 1739988178 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 105596)
      640μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '939' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 10238 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      610μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 939
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '944' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 10238 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      560μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 944
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 105596 limit 1
      2.52msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 105596
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 8 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739988178 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739988178 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.21msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 8
      • 3: 1739988178
      • 4: 1739988178
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 8 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739988178 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739988178 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.2msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 8
      • 3: 1739988178
      • 4: 1739988178
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='fc90ebfe8a63e70e2dbec9600cd90056'
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        P0u2nkzwIhG5b8ocA7g1XCT0kIo0eC09zOeTjChP
        uc_cart_id
        fc90ebfe8a63e70e2dbec9600cd90056
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/105596" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/105596
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:8 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Wed, 19 Feb 2025 18:02:58 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImdRSkFPeUtBaVBVdjhvbm5pKzNFenc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVEpKa0V3ZStKZ1RPVWNZMEdta2d1eHBIV3FRdjY3OURjcGpJaU9PSkxqUGlBZ3JmVUttZUhabUQwakRYbER6UURyUFJ5MmtldEd5ZW05bnJLNDk1R2o0WGZLQUUrWDluNERoQ3VqOFdrVm9QZGxQMk9FOXR6eWxsSWpjZG5LMGIiLCJtYWMiOiIzNTg3ZGNiZGUxZWEyNzZkY2UwZDIwNjE2MjNhNjBiMzcwYjZiMTk0NDJhNzE2MWVlMWU0ZDBmYjg4YTFlYmVjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 22 Feb 2025 06:02:58 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImdRSkFPeUtBaVBVdjhvbm5pKzNFenc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVEpKa0V3ZStKZ1RPVWNZMEdta2d1eHBIV3FRdjY3OURjcGpJaU9PSkxqUGlBZ3JmVUttZUhabUQwakRYbER6UURyUFJ5M" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InZnbU00MlMwM2NPUWVyOEJDSlpCMWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRlFEMUVDVmNjNyt2SEJLWjh0NmpiWDlDc3JzQ2ZJa1krVU5EM1c2a0tmOVFvdG51THpRc0JJTUZGUmNHQkRuWkZoVXNVMHBvd2oxRzFMVm9pRURHcVMySkw3YkpvTkFiektyMmovV0I0UjhTQ0JvbTBTOHl1aGtGbEJoWW1pU0EiLCJtYWMiOiJlZTVhNDc5ZDYyZmZjYTNhZThjN2U3ZmU2N2QyMTM0MGU2MmJkZjk0NWZhMmZkNjIwNDU4OWQwNzQwZWIxMjczIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InZnbU00MlMwM2NPUWVyOEJDSlpCMWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRlFEMUVDVmNjNyt2SEJLWjh0NmpiWDlDc3JzQ2ZJa1krVU5EM1c2a0tmOVFvdG51THpRc0JJTUZ" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImdRSkFPeUtBaVBVdjhvbm5pKzNFenc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVEpKa0V3ZStKZ1RPVWNZMEdta2d1eHBIV3FRdjY3OURjcGpJaU9PSkxqUGlBZ3JmVUttZUhabUQwakRYbER6UURyUFJ5MmtldEd5ZW05bnJLNDk1R2o0WGZLQUUrWDluNERoQ3VqOFdrVm9QZGxQMk9FOXR6eWxsSWpjZG5LMGIiLCJtYWMiOiIzNTg3ZGNiZGUxZWEyNzZkY2UwZDIwNjE2MjNhNjBiMzcwYjZiMTk0NDJhNzE2MWVlMWU0ZDBmYjg4YTFlYmVjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 22-Feb-2025 06:02:58 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImdRSkFPeUtBaVBVdjhvbm5pKzNFenc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVEpKa0V3ZStKZ1RPVWNZMEdta2d1eHBIV3FRdjY3OURjcGpJaU9PSkxqUGlBZ3JmVUttZUhabUQwakRYbER6UURyUFJ5M" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InZnbU00MlMwM2NPUWVyOEJDSlpCMWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRlFEMUVDVmNjNyt2SEJLWjh0NmpiWDlDc3JzQ2ZJa1krVU5EM1c2a0tmOVFvdG51THpRc0JJTUZGUmNHQkRuWkZoVXNVMHBvd2oxRzFMVm9pRURHcVMySkw3YkpvTkFiektyMmovV0I0UjhTQ0JvbTBTOHl1aGtGbEJoWW1pU0EiLCJtYWMiOiJlZTVhNDc5ZDYyZmZjYTNhZThjN2U3ZmU2N2QyMTM0MGU2MmJkZjk0NWZhMmZkNjIwNDU4OWQwNzQwZWIxMjczIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InZnbU00MlMwM2NPUWVyOEJDSlpCMWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRlFEMUVDVmNjNyt2SEJLWjh0NmpiWDlDc3JzQ2ZJa1krVU5EM1c2a0tmOVFvdG51THpRc0JJTUZ" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "P0u2nkzwIhG5b8ocA7g1XCT0kIo0eC09zOeTjChP" "uc_cart_id" => "fc90ebfe8a63e70e2dbec9600cd90056" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/105596" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-19 18:02:58GET/article/105596314371