Abstract
Background: In India, three-wheeler auto diesel engines are also known as autorickshaw, play a vital role in day to day transportation. On the other hand, it pumps huge amount of harmful exhaust emissions into the atmosphere. As per the study by European Union 1% of India’s over two billion tonnes of annual vehicular CO2 emissions are from autorickshaws.
Objective: To address the issue of high exhaust emissions from diesel engine, this paper has proposed Pongamia (PME), Mahua (PME) and Jatropha (JME) biodiesels as an alternative fuel.
Methods: Biodiesel is produced by transesterification process; exhaust emissions analysis is carried out on a single cylinder four stroke three-wheeler auto diesel engine at constant speed of 1500rpm. Diesel as a reference fuel and cent percent of PME, MME, and JME as an alternative fuel.
Results: Exhaust emissions reveals that there is a maximum reduction of Unburnt Hydrocarbons (UHC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), NOx, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), and smoke compared to diesel fuel. At maximum load the NOx emission reduced by 18.41% for JME, 17.46% for MME and 7.61% for PME. Low levels of CO emissions are recorded for JME (66%) followed by MME (33%) and PME (22%). UHC were reduced by 85.75% for JME, MME and for PME 14.28% reduction is observed. Smoke emissions are also reduced for PME and MME by 18.84%, for JME 14.49%.
Conclusion: It is observed that all the methyl esters exhibit significant reduction in harmful exhaust emissions compared to diesel fuel and jatropha biodiesel is noted as a better choice.
Keywords: Bharat stage emission norms, biofuel, exhaust emissions, Million Tonnes (MT), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Indirect Injection (IDI).
Graphical Abstract
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