Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Psychopharmacology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2211-5560
ISSN (Online): 2211-5579

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Evaluation of Antipsychotic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Dhatryadi Ghrita on Wistar Rats

Author(s): Rashmi S. Pal* and Amrita Mishra

Volume 8, Issue 3, 2019

Page: [213 - 237] Pages: 25

DOI: 10.2174/2211556008666191104100712

Abstract

Objective: Herbal formulations based on plants are effective against psychosis. The effects of Dhatryadi Ghrita on Wistar rats against psychosis were investigated.

Background: An increased preference nowadays is obvious towards the use of herbal drugs in the treatment of chronic ailments. Treatment of psychiatric diseases has become easier, but the extrapyramidal motor disorders are the major adverse effect exists with most of the antipsychotic drugs.

Methods: For the assessment of neuroleptic activity of the ethanolic extract of Dhatryadi Ghrita, prepared with different antipsychotic animal models, three doses of the extract (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) were used for the study with different animal models.

Results: A significant reduction of amphetamine-induced stereotype and conditioned avoidance response was observed in the extract-treated animals compared to control. Minor signs of catalepsy were visible in the extract-treated group as compared to the control group.

Conclusion: The study revealed that the extract may be possessing the property to alleviate the positive symptoms of Psychosis.

Keywords: Anti-psychotic, dhatryadi Ghrita, rats, ethanolic extract, psychosis, amphetamine-induced stereotype.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Häfner H, an der Heiden W. Epidemiology of schizophrenia. Can J Psychiatry 1997; 42(2): 139-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379704200204] [PMID: 9067063]
[2]
Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, McEvoy JP, et al. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 2005; 353(12): 1209-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa051688] [PMID: 16172203]
[3]
Torres US, Portela-Oliveira E, Borgwardt S, Busatto GF. Structural brain changes associated with antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia as revealed by voxel-based morphometric MRI: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2013; 13: 342.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-13-342] [PMID: 24359128]
[4]
Babć D, Babć R. Complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of schizophrenia. Psychiatr Danub 2009; 21(3): 376-81.
[PMID: 19794360]
[5]
Jash R, Chowdary KA. Ethanolic extracts of alstonia scholaris and Bacopa monniera possess neuroleptic activity due to anti-dopaminergic effect. Pharmacognosy Res 2014; 6(1): 46-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.122917] [PMID: 24497742]
[6]
Arulmozhi S, Mazumder PM, Sathiyanarayanan L, Thakurdesai A. Anti-anxiety and anti-depressant activity of leaves of Alstonia scholaris. Pharmacologia 2012; 3(8): 239-48.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5567/pharmacologia.2012.239.248]
[7]
Shang JH, Cai XH, Zhao YL, Feng T, Luo XD. Pharmacological evaluation of Alstonia scholaris: anti-tussive, anti-asthmatic and expectorant activities. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 129(3): 293-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.03.029] [PMID: 20381600]
[8]
Adebajo AC, Ayoola OF, Iwalewa EO, et al. Anti-trichomonal, biochemical and toxicological activities of methanolic extract and some carbazole alkaloids isolated from the leaves of Murraya koenigii growing in Nigeria. Phytomedicine 2006; 13(4): 246-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2004.12.002] [PMID: 16492527]
[9]
Bumah VV, Essien EU, Agbedahunsi JM, Ekah OU. Effects of Khaya grandifoliola (Meliaceae) on some biochemical parameters in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 102(3): 446-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.07.014] [PMID: 16233966]
[10]
Burkill HM. The useful plants of West Tropical Africa 2nd London: (Families A-D). London: Royal Botanical Gardens Kew 1985.
[11]
Pal RS, Mishra A. A review on Dhatryadi Ghrita. Int J Res Ayurveda Pharm 2017; 8(2): 190-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.082111]
[12]
The Ayurvedic Formulary of India Government of India. 2nd. Government of India: Ministry of Health and family welfare, Department of AYUSH. New Delhi 2003; 1: p. (31)62.
[13]
Hrudyam A, Kunte A, Navare K. Varanasi. Chaukhamba Orientalia. Sutrasthan 1982; 5(4): 74.
[14]
Pal RS, Mishra A. Standardization of Dhatryadi Ghrita: a herbal ghee based ayurvedic medicinal preparation. Open Med J 2018; 5: 47-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874220301805010047]
[15]
Gubbannavar JS, Chandola H, Harisha CR, Kalyani R, Shukla VJ. Analytical profile of Brahmi Ghrita: A polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation. Ayu 2012; 33(2): 289-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-8520.105254] [PMID: 23559806]
[16]
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India Part 1. Delhi: Govt of India, The controller of publications civil lines 2011.
[17]
Lala PK. Lab manuals of pharmacognosy 5th ed Calcutta: CSI Publishers and distributors. 1993.
[18]
Ankur J, Priyanka S, Narendra V, Javed K, Sapna M, Anil K. Anti-anemic activity of hydro alcoholic leaf extract of Aegle marmelos in phenylhydrazine induced anemic rats. Int J Curr Res 2017; 9(4): 48928-31.
[19]
Ankur Joshi. Anti-anemic activity of hydro alcoholic leaf extract of Tamarindus indica in phenylhydrazine induced anemic rats. JOHR 2017; 5(3): 132-5.
[20]
Deepanshu G, Kushwah C, Joshi A, Malviya K, Malviya S, Kharia A. Anti-anemic activity of hydro-alcoholic leaf extract of Brassica oleracea var in phenylhydrazine induced anemic rats. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018; 7(2): 12-8.
[21]
Pal RS, Mishra A. Evaluation of acute toxicity of the methanolic extract of Dhatryadi Ghrita in Wistar Rats. Open Pharmacol J 2019; 9: 1-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874143601909010001]
[22]
Schoepfer AM, Engel A, Fattinger K, et al. Herbal does not mean innocuous: ten cases of severe hepatotoxicity associated with dietary supplements from Herbalife products. J Hepatol 2007; 47(4): 521-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2007.06.014] [PMID: 17692989]
[23]
Ansari SH. Essential of pharmacognosy. 1st ed. India: Birla Publications 2007.
[24]
Nascimento Antman EM, Braunwald E. ST-elevation myocardial infarction: pathology, pathophysiology, and clinical features. In: Douglas M, Zipes D, Libby P, Bonow R, Eds. Braunwalds heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. The Netherlands: Elsevier 2008; pp. 1207-32.
[25]
Kulkarni SK, Dandia PC. Influence of intraventricular administration of norepinephrine, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine on motor activity of rats. Ind J Med Res 1975; 63: 462-8.
[26]
Marmendal M, Roman E, Eriksson CJ, Nylander I, Fahlke C. Maternal separation alters maternal care, but has minor effects on behavior and brain opioid peptides in adult offspring. Dev Psychobiol 2004; 45(3): 140-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dev.20027] [PMID: 15505796]
[27]
Muhammad A, Kolb B. Maternal separation altered behavior and neuronal spine density without influencing amphetamine sensitization. Behav Brain Res 2011; 223(1): 7-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2011.04.015] [PMID: 21515311]
[28]
Hensleigh E, Smedley L, Pritchard LM. Sex, but not repeated maternal separation during the first postnatal week, influences novel object exploration and amphetamine sensitivity. Dev Psychobiol 2011; 53(2): 132-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dev.20499] [PMID: 20886535]
[29]
Idris NF, Repeto P, Neill JC, Large CH. Investigation of the effects of lamotrigine and clozapine in improving reversal-learning impairments induced by acute phencyclidine and D-amphetamine in the rat. Psychopharmacology 2005; 179(2): 336-48.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-004-2058-5] [PMID: 15645224]
[30]
Javitt DC, Zukin SR. Recent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148(10): 1301-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.148.10.1301] [PMID: 1654746]
[31]
Jentsch JD, Roth RH. The neuropsychopharmacology of phencyclidine: from NMDA receptor hypofunction to the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 1999; 20(3): 201-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0893-133X(98)00060-8] [PMID: 10063482]
[32]
Kargieman L, Santana N, Mengod G, Celada P, Artigas F. Antipsychotic drugs reverse the disruption in prefrontal cortex function produced by NMDA receptor blockade with phencyclidine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104(37): 14843-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704848104] [PMID: 17785415]
[33]
Santana N, Troyano-Rodriguez E, Mengod G, Celada P, Artigas F. Activation of thalamocortical networks by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist phencyclidine: reversal by clozapine. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 69(10): 918-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.10.030] [PMID: 21251645]
[34]
Pradhan SN. Phencyclidine (PCP): some human studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1984; 8(4): 493-501.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0149-7634(84)90006-X] [PMID: 6514253]
[35]
Allen TB, McEvoy JP. Galantamine for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159(7): 1244-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.7.1244] [PMID: 12091212]
[36]
Wang D, Noda Y, Zhou Y, Nitta A, Furukawa H, Nabeshima T. Synergistic effect of galantamine with risperidone on impairment of social interaction in phencyclidine-treated mice as a schizophrenic animal model. Neuropharmacology 2007; 52(4): 1179-87.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.12.007] [PMID: 17313962]
[37]
Hida H, Mouri A, Mori K, et al. Blonanserin ameliorates phencyclidine-induced visual-recognition memory deficits: the complex mechanism of blonanserin action involving D3-5-HT2A and D1-NMDA receptors in the mPFC. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40(3): 601-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2014.207] [PMID: 25120077]
[38]
Perrault G, Depoortere R, Morel E, Sanger DJ, Scatton B. Psychopharmacological profile of amisulpride: an antipsychotic drug with presynaptic D2/D3 dopamine receptor antagonist activity and limbic selectivity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997; 280(1): 73-82.
[PMID: 8996184]
[39]
Wadenberg ML. Conditioned avoidance response in the development of new antipsychotics. Curr Pharm Des 2010; 16(3): 358-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161210790170085] [PMID: 20109144]
[40]
van der Heyden JA, Bradford LD. A rapidly acquired one-way conditioned avoidance procedure in rats as a primary screening test for antipsychotics: influence of shock intensity on avoidance performance. Behav Brain Res 1988; 31(1): 61-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-4328(88)90158-1] [PMID: 2906543]
[41]
Chandel NR, Phadke AG, Goyal CA. Study of interaction of nifedipine with haloperidol on conditioned avoidance response and catalepsy in rats. Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol 2012; 1: 178-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/2319-2003.ijbcp003012]
[42]
Costall B, Naylor RJ. Mesolimbic involvement with behavioural effects indicating antipsychotic activity. Eur J Pharmacol 1974; 27(1): 46-58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(74)90201-5] [PMID: 4604756]
[43]
Costall B, Fortune DH, Naylor RJ, Mardsen CD, Pycock C. Serotonergic involvement with neuroleptic catalepsy. Neuropharmacology 1975; 14(11): 859-68.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3908(75)90114-8] [PMID: 1239697]
[44]
Suddath RL, Straw GM, Freed WJ, Bigelow LB, Kirch DG, Wyatt RJ. A clinical trial of nifedipine in schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1991; 39(3): 743-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(91)90157-W] [PMID: 1686106]
[45]
Mateen S, Khan M, Devanna N, Farooque M, Ansari JA. Aziz-ur-rahman. Potential antiparkinsonian and antidepressant effects of methanolic extract of Swertia chirata and Hemidesmus indicus in Wistar rats Eur J Biomed Pharm 2016; 13: 471.
[46]
Kumar MS, Farzana SK, Nadendla R. Evaluation of anticatatonic effect of leaf extracts of Tragia plukenetti R. Smith on phenothiazine induced catatonia in rats. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci 2014; 5: 833.
[47]
Corbett R, Camacho F, Woods AT, et al. Antipsychotic agents antagonize non-competitive N-methyl- Psychopharmacology 1995; 120(1): 67-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246146] [PMID: 7480537]
[48]
Matthysse S. Animal models in psychiatric research Prog Brain Res 1986; 65: 259-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6123(08)60655-X] [PMID: 2878468]
[49]
Cleren C, Calingasan NY, Chen J, Beal MF. Celastrol protects against MPTP- and 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity. J Neurochem 2005; 94(4): 995-1004.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03253.x] [PMID: 16092942]
[50]
Glowinski J, Iversen L. Regional studies of catecholamine in rat brain. J Neurochem 1966; 13: 655-69.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1966.tb09873.x] [PMID: 5950056]
[51]
Baldessarini R: Drugs used in the treatment of Psychiatric disorder. 10th ed. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Gilman AG, Eds. Goodman Gilman’s Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Tennessee: Mc Graw Hill; 2001 pp. 789-896.
[52]
William P, Hollister L. Antipsychotic agents and Lithium. 10th ed. In: Katzung BG, Ed. Basic and clinical pharmacology. San Francisco: McGraw Hill: 2007; pp. 457-4.
[53]
Turner A. Screening methods in Pharmacology. New York: Demic Press 1965.
[54]
Raymond B, Neumeyer J. Antipsychotics and Anxiolytic Agents. In: David A Troy, Ed. Foyes principles of Medicinal Chemistry. Philadelphia: Lippincott. 2002; pp. 408-33.
[55]
Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Flower RJ. Pharmacology. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier 2007.
[56]
Anthony A, Martin R, Thurkauf A. Antipsychotic drugs 2003.
[57]
Green MF. What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia? Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153(3): 321-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.3.321] [PMID: 8610818]
[58]
Goldberg TE, Gold JM, Braff DL. Neuropsychological functioning and time-linked information processing is schizophrenia. Rev Psychiatry 1991; 10: 601-13.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
13
1
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy